Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9034

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1 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9034 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison, UK Josef Kittler, UK John C. Mitchell, USA Bernhard Steffen, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos, USA Gerhard Weikum, Germany Takeo Kanade, USA Jon M. Kleinberg, USA Friedemann Mattern, Switzerland Moni Naor, Israel C. Pandu Rangan, India Doug Tygar, USA Advanced Research in Computing and Software Science Subline of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Subline Series Editors Giorgio Ausiello, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Vladimiro Sassone, University of Southampton, UK Subline Advisory Board Susanne Albers, TU Munich, Germany Benjamin C. Pierce, University of Pennsylvania, USA Bernhard Steffen, University of Dortmund, Germany Deng Xiaotie, City University of Hong Kong Jeannette M.Wing, Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA

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3 Andrew Pitts (Ed.) Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures 18th International Conference, FOSSACS 2015 Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2015 London, UK, April 11 18, 2015 Proceedings ABC

4 Editor Andrew Pitts University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom ISSN ISSN (electronic) Lecture Notes in Computer Science ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: LNCS Sublibrary: SL1 Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Foreword ETAPS 2015 was the 18th instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998, and this year consisted of six constituting conferences (CC, ESOP, FASE, FoSSaCS, TACAS, and POST) including five invited speakers and two tutorial speakers. Prior to and after the main conference, numerous satellite workshops took place and attracted many researchers from all over the world. ETAPS is a confederation of several conferences, each with its own Program Committee and its own Steering Committee (if any). The conferences cover various aspects of software systems, ranging from theoretical foundations to programming language developments, compiler advancements, analysis tools, formal approaches to software engineering, and security. Organizing these conferences into a coherent, highly synchronized conference program enables the participation in an exciting event, having the possibility to meet many researchers working in different directions in the field, and to easily attend talks at different conferences. The six main conferences together received 544 submissions this year, 152 of which were accepted (including 10 tool demonstration papers), yielding an overall acceptance rate of 27.9%. I thank all authors for their interest in ETAPS, all reviewers for the peerreviewing process, the PC members for their involvement, and in particular the PC Cochairs for running this entire intensive process. Last but not least, my congratulations to all authors of the accepted papers! ETAPS 2015 was greatly enriched by the invited talks by Daniel Licata (Wesleyan University, USA) and Catuscia Palamidessi (InriaSaclay and LIX, France), both unifying speakers, and the conference-specific invited speakers [CC] Keshav Pingali (University of Texas, USA), [FoSSaCS] Frank Pfenning (Carnegie Mellon University, USA), and [TACAS] Wang Yi (Uppsala University, Sweden). Invited tutorials were provided by Daniel Bernstein (Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands and the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA), and Florent Kirchner (CEA, the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, France). My sincere thanks to all these speakers for their inspiring talks! ETAPS 2015 took place in the capital of England, the largest metropolitan area in the UK and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. ETAPS 2015 was organized by the Queen Mary University of London in cooperation with the following associations and societies: ETAPS e.v., EATCS (European Association for Theoretical Computer Science), EAPLS (European Association for Programming Languages and Systems), and EASST (European Association of Software Science and Technology). It was supported by the following sponsors: Semmle, Winton, Facebook, Microsoft Research, and Springer-Verlag.

6 VI Foreword The organization team comprised: General Chairs: Pasquale Malacaria and Nikos Tzevelekos Workshops Chair: Paulo Oliva Publicity chairs: Michael Tautschnig and Greta Yorsh Members: Dino Distefano, Edmund Robinson, and Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh The overall planning for ETAPS is the responsibility of the Steering Committee. The ETAPS Steering Committee consists of an Executive Board (EB) and representatives of the individual ETAPS conferences, as well as representatives of EATCS, EAPLS, and EASST. The Executive Board comprises Gilles Barthe (satellite events, Madrid), Holger Hermanns (Saarbrücken), Joost-Pieter Katoen (Chair, Aachen and Twente), Gerald Lüttgen (Treasurer, Bamberg), and Tarmo Uustalu (publicity, Tallinn). Other members of the Steering Committee are: Christel Baier (Dresden), David Basin (Zurich), Giuseppe Castagna (Paris), Marsha Chechik (Toronto), Alexander Egyed (Linz), Riccardo Focardi (Venice), Björn Franke (Edinburgh), Jan Friso Groote (Eindhoven), Reiko Heckel (Leicester), Bart Jacobs (Nijmegen), Paul Klint (Amsterdam), Jens Knoop (Vienna), Christof Löding (Aachen), Ina Schäfer (Braunschweig), Pasquale Malacaria (London), Tiziana Margaria (Limerick), Andrew Myers (Boston), Catuscia Palamidessi (Paris), Frank Piessens (Leuven), Andrew Pitts (Cambridge), Jean-Francois Raskin (Brussels), Don Sannella (Edinburgh), Vladimiro Sassone (Southampton), Perdita Stevens (Edinburgh), Gabriele Taentzer (Marburg), Peter Thiemann (Freiburg), Cesare Tinelli (Iowa City), Luca Vigano (London), Jan Vitek (Boston), Igor Walukiewicz (Bordeaux), Andrzej Wąsowski (Copenhagen), and Lenore Zuck (Chicago). I sincerely thank all ETAPS SC members for all their hard work to make the 18th edition of ETAPS a success. Moreover, thanks to all speakers, attendants, organizers of the satellite workshops, and to Springer for their support. Finally, many thanks to Pasquale and Nikos and their local organization team for all their efforts enabling ETAPS to take place in London! January 2015 Joost-Pieter Katoen

7 Preface This volume contains the papers presented at the 18th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures (FoSSaCS 2015) held at Queen Mary University of London, UK, during April 13 16, FoSSaCS is one of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS). It is dedicated to foundational research with a clear significance for software science and invites submissions on theories and methods to support the analysis, integration, synthesis, transformation, and verification of programs and software systems. In addition to an invited talk by Frank Pfenning (CMU, USA) on Polarized Substructural Session Types, the contributed papers in the conference ranged over the following topics: semantics of programming languages; categorical models and logics; logical aspects of computational complexity; concurrent, probabilistic and timed systems; automata, games, and verification; modal and temporal logics; type theory, proof theory, and implicit computational complexity. In response to the call for papers, the Program Committee received a total of 93 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by three or more Program Committee members, aided by sub-reviewers. The committee decided to accept 28 papers. The selection was made after extensive discussion by , based on originality, quality, and relevance to the scope of FoSSaCS. The quality of the submissions was very high and many deserving papers could not be selected. I wish to thank all the authors who submitted papers for consideration, the members of the Program Committee for their scholarly efforts and enthusiasm, and all subreviewers who assisted the Program Committee in the evaluation process. I am grateful to the ETAPS 2015 General Chairs, Pasquale Malacaria and Nikos Tzevelekos and their support staff for their assistance. I would also like to thank the ETAPS Steering Committe and particularly its Chair, Joost-Pieter Katoen, for overseeing the complicated process of producing a joint conference. The conference management system Easy- Chair was used to handle the submissions, to conduct the electronic Program Committee meeting, and to assist with the assembly of this proceedings. January 2015 Andrew Pitts

8 Organization Program Committee Andreas Abel Andrej Bauer Udi Boker Luis Caires Krishnendu Chatterjee Thomas Colcombet Andrea Corradini Ugo Dal Lago Maribel Fernandez Daniel Hirschkoff Radha Jagadeesan Sławomir Lasota Ranko Lazic Paul Levy Daniel Licata Dirk Pattinson Nir Piterman Andrew Pitts Ulrich Schöpp Alexandra Silva Alex Simpson Lutz Strassburger Thomas Streicher Ashish Tiwari Daniele Varacca Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Institute of Science and Technology, Austria Université Paris Diderot, France Università di Pisa, Italy Università di Bologna, Italy King s College London, UK École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France DePaul University, USA University of Warsaw, Poland University of Warwick, UK University of Birmingham, UK Wesleyan University, USA Australian National University, Australia University of Leicester, UK University of Cambridge, UK Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, The Netherlands University of Edinburgh, UK Inria Saclay-Ile de France, France Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany SRI International, USA University Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, France Additional Reviewers Abdulla, Parosh Adams, Robin Ahmed, Amal Al-Humaimeedy, Abeer Almagor, Shaull Aminof, Benjamin Aubert, Clément Avanzini, Martin Avni, Guy Baldan, Paolo Basilico, Nicola Ben-Amram, Amir Berdine, Josh Berger, Ulrich Berwanger, Dietmar Blot, Valentin

9 X Organization Blumensath, Achim Bonchi, Filippo Brenguier, Romain Brotherston, James Bruni, Roberto Bujorianu, Manuela Cadilhac, Michaël Carayol, Arnaud Castellani, Ilaria Clairambault, Pierre Clemente, Lorenzo Crafa, Silvia Crubillé, Raphaëlle Das, Anupam de Carvalho, Daniel Degorre, Aldric Demri, Stéphane Di Gianantonio, Pietro Fearnley, John Feret, Jerome Figueira, Diego Fijalkow, Nathanaël French, Tim Gadducci, Fabio Ganty, Pierre Gascon, Adria Gebler, Daniel Geerarts, Gilles Gheerbrant, Amelie Goncharov, Sergey Gorla, Daniele Guenot, Nicolas Haase, Christoph Hasuo, Ichiro Heckel, Reiko Hermida, Claudio Hidaka, Soichiro Hofman, Piotr Hofman, Piotrek Horn, Florian Hunter, Paul Huschenbett, Martin Hyon, Emmanuel Hüttel, Hans Ibsen-Jensen, Rasmus Iliev, Petar Ilik, Danko Ivan, Szabolcs Jongmans, Sung-Shik T.Q. Jurdzinski, Marcin Kaiser, Lukasz Keimel, Klaus Kiefer, Stefan Klin, Bartek Klueppelholz, Sascha Kontchakov, Roman Kopczynski, Eryk Koutavas, Vasileios Kretinsky, Jan Krishnaswami, Neelakantan Kucera, Antonin Kuperberg, Denis Kupke, Clemens Kurz, Alexander Kuznets, Roman König, Barbara Laird, James Lamarche, Francois Lanese, Ivan Lang, Martin Lange, Julien Lenglet, Sergueï Lenisa, Marina Lumsdaine, Peter Lefanu Maieli, Roberto Majumdar, Rupak Maletti, Andreas Manuel, Amaldev Mardare, Radu Marion, Jean-Yves Martini, Simone Matthes, Ralph McCusker, Guy Meel, Kuldeep S. Mehner, Stefan Meier, Arne Melgratti, Hernan Milius, Stefan Mimram, Samuel Miranda-Perea, Favio E. Montanari, Ugo Mostrous, Dimitris

10 Organization XI Murano, Aniello Murawski, Andrzej Møgelberg, Rasmus Ejlers Novakovic, Novak Novotný, Petr Obdrzalek, Jan Otop, Jan Oualhadj, Youssouf Pagani, Michele Parys, Paweł Pavlogiannis, Andreas Pelz, Elisabeth Perelli, Giuseppe Pous, Damien Pretnar, Matija Radhakrishna, Arjun Ramsay, Steven Rathke, Julian Rehof, Jakob Riba, Colin Rogalewicz, Adam Rot, Jurriaan Rukhaia, Mikheil Salvati, Sylvain Sangnier, Arnaud Schröder, Lutz Shehtman, Valentin Skrzypczak, Michał Skvortsov, Dmitrij Sobocinski, Pawel Sreejith, A.V. Staton, Sam Stefani, Jean-Bernard Szreter, Maciej Tabareau, Nicolas Terui, Kazushige Totzke, Patrick Trivedi, Ashutosh Tzevelekos, Nikos Urzyczyn, Pawel Valencia, Frank van Bakel, Steffen Velner, Yaron Vezzosi, Andrea Vignudelli, Valeria Villard, Jules Vollmer, Heribert Widder, Josef Wojtczak, Dominik Wolper, Pierre Worrell, James Yang, Fan Zanasi, Fabio Zielonka, Wieslaw Zuleger, Florian

11 Contents Invited Talk Polarized Substructural Session Types... 3 Frank Pfenning and Dennis Griffith Semantics of Programming Languages I Synthesis of Strategies and the Hoare Logic of Angelic Nondeterminism Konstantinos Mamouras An Infinitary Model of Linear Logic Charles Grellois and Paul-André Melliès Game Semantics and Normalization by Evaluation Pierre Clairambault and Peter Dybjer Foundations of Differential Dataflow Martín Abadi, Frank McSherry, and Gordon D. Plotkin Categorical Models and Logics States of Convex Sets Bart Jacobs, Bas Westerbaan, and Bram Westerbaan A Categorical Semantics for Linear Logical Frameworks Matthijs Vákár A Completeness Result for Finite λ-bisimulations Joost Winter Sequent Calculus in the Topos of Trees Ranald Clouston and Rajeev Goré Modal and Temporal Logics Coalgebraic Trace Semantics via Forgetful Logics Bartek Klin and Jurriaan Rot Unifying Hyper and Epistemic Temporal Logics Laura Bozzelli, Bastien Maubert, and Sophie Pinchinat

12 XIV Contents Concurrent, Probabilistic and Timed Systems On the Total Variation Distance of Semi-Markov Chains Giorgio Bacci, Giovanni Bacci, Kim Guldstrand Larsen, and Radu Mardare Decidable and Expressive Classes of Probabilistic Automata Rohit Chadha, A. Prasad Sistla, Mahesh Viswanathan, and Yue Ben Knowledge = Observation + Memory + Computation Blaise Genest, Doron Peled, and Sven Schewe Compositional Metric Reasoning with Probabilistic Process Calculi Daniel Gebler, Kim Guldstrand Larsen, and Simone Tini Semantics of Programming Languages II Fragments of ML Decidable by Nested Data Class Memory Automata Conrad Cotton-Barratt, David Hopkins, Andrzej S. Murawski, and C.-H. Luke Ong Operational Nominal Game Semantics Guilhem Jaber Step-Indexed Logical Relations for Probability Aleš Bizjak and Lars Birkedal Automata, Games, Verification Minimisation of Multiplicity Tree Automata Stefan Kiefer, Ines Marusic, and James Worrell Robust Multidimensional Mean-Payoff Games are Undecidable Yaron Velner The Cyclic-Routing UAV Problem Is PSPACE-Complete Hsi-Ming Ho and Joël Ouaknine Typing Weak MSOL Properties Sylvain Salvati and Igor Walukiewicz Logical Aspects of Computational Complexity Three Variables Suffice for Real-Time Logic Timos Antonopoulos, Paul Hunter, Shahab Raza, and James Worrell

13 Contents XV On Presburger Arithmetic Extended with Modulo Counting Quantifiers Peter Habermehl and Dietrich Kuske Parity Games of Bounded Tree- and Clique-Width Moses Ganardi Type Theory, Proof Theory and Implicit Computational Complexity Programming and Reasoning with Guarded Recursion for Coinductive Types Ranald Clouston, Aleš Bizjak, Hans Bugge Grathwohl, and Lars Birkedal The Computational Contents of Ramified Corecurrence Daniel Leivant and Ramyaa Ramyaa On the Dependencies of Logical Rules Marc Bagnol, Amina Doumane, and Alexis Saurin On the Mints Hierarchy in First-Order Intuitionistic Logic Aleksy Schubert, Pawe l Urzyczyn, and Konrad Zdanowski Author Index