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1 yeah. net QNJJ Title Scholars' Caps in Unoffical History of the Scholars Rereading Details from a Holistic Perspective Abstract This article studies descriptions of scholars'caps in Unoffical History of the Scholars and investigates how this seemingly trivial detail connects to plot structure and the ideology of the novel. By examining types of caps this article points out that although the novel potentially deals with scholars of the Qing when it comes to describing their costumes Wu Jingzi refers to costume rituals of the Ming so as to strictly fit in the background of the Ming. This article illustrates how Wu Jingzi weaves details about caps into two main types of plot concerning disorder and chaos among literati circles and their living conditions within the hierarchical imperial examination system. In conclusion the cap not only plays a positive role in structuring plot but also is well organized in a holistic perspective to reflect Wu Jingzi's contemplation on Confucian rituals. Keywords Unoffical History of the Scholars caps costume details holistic perspective Author Liu Ziyun Ph. D. is an assistant professor at the School of Arts and Communication Beijing Technology and Business University. She specializes in pre-modern Chinese literature and culture especially fiction and drama of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Address Room 505 Building 1 Beijing Technology and Business University Fucheng Road 33 Haidian District Beijing P. R. C. ziyunliu@ yeah. net This research is funded by Junior Faculty Fellowship of BTBU QNJJ

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9 Notes Works Cited Chen Jian Gao Rushi and Wu Zhen. Comprehensive Imperial Records and Laws of the Ming. The Continuation of The Complete Collection of the Four Treasuries. Vol Shanghai Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House / 2014 Chen Meilin. Chen's Commentary on Unoffical History of the Scholars. Beijing The Commercial Press Chu Renhuo. Miscellaneous Notes of Hard Gourd. Vol. 3. Shanghai Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 64

10 Fan Lian. Transcript of What I Saw in Yunjian. Reprint by the Chu family in Fengxian Su Shi. Collected Poetry of Su Shi. Vol. 41. Beijing Huang Bingze. On the Artistic Structure of the Fulllength Novel Unoffical History of the Scholars. Collected Papers on Unoffical History of the Scholars. Beijing Zhonghua Book Company Wu Jingzi et al.. A Collection of Collation and Lanling Xiaoxiao Sheng. The Plum in the Golden Vase. Commentary on Unoffical History of the Scholars. Ed. Li Vols. 1 & 2. Beijing People 's Literature Publishing Hanqiu. Shanghai Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House House Liu Hongjun. A Study of the Ming Dynasty Background in Unoffical History of the Scholars. Beijing China Wu Zuxiang. The Thought and Art of Unoffical History of Federation of Literary and Art Circles Publishing House Liu Tingji. A Miscellaneous Note of Liu Tingji. Beijing the Scholars. Collected Papers on Unoffical History of the Scholars. Ed. Li Hanqiu. Beijing Zhonghua Book Company Zhonghua Book Company Xu Ke. Classified Collection of Qing Notes. Vol. 13. Beijing Zhonghua Book Company Liu Yongqiang. History of Ancient Chinese Fiction Beijing Peking University Press Xu Shupi. Records of Little Knowledge. Han Fen House Secret. Vol. 1. Shanghai Shanghai Commercial Press Lu Xun. A Brief History of Chinese Fiction. Beijing 2007 People's Literature Publishing House Ye Mengzhu. Records throughout a Lifetime. Shanghai Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Lu Yingyang and Cai Fangbing. Geographical Handbook of Late Imperial China. Books Listed as To Be Banned Zhao Erxun et al.. Draft History of Qing. Vol. 11. or Destroyed by the Editors of The Complete Collection Beijing Zhonghua Book Company of the Four Treasuries Histories. Vol. 18. Beijing 1974 Beijing Publishing House Shen Shixing et al.. Collected Regulations of the Great Ming. The Continuation of The Complete Collection of Zhang Tingyu et al.. History of Ming. Vol. 6. Beijing Zhonghua Book Company Zuo Maodi. Remaining Drafts of Zuo Maodi. Collection of the Four Treasuries. Vol Shanghai Shanghai Shandong Literature. Series 3 Vol. 26. Ji ' nan Ancient Books Publishing House Shandong University Press Song Lian. The Complete Works of Song Lian. Vol. 3. Hangzhou Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House Zhonghua Book Company Toqto 'a. History of Jin. Vol. 3. Beijing Zhonghua Book Company