CTBUH Journal. International Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Transcription

1 CTBUH Journal Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat Tall buildings: design, construction and operation 0 Extracts: The Legacy at Millennium Park, Chicago Residential Towers in Central Business Districts The Tallest Twenty in 00 00: A Tall Building Review

2 The High Life Residential Towers in Central Business Districts Peter Noone Gary Klompmaker These buildings serve growing segments of the population who desire amenity-rich lifestyles and safe urban homes. They serve cities that desire significant real estate tax revenues, as well as local businesses, which desire the potentially substantial purchasing power of new urban residents. Crista Sumanik Authors Peter Noone, Principal Gary Klompmaker, Associate Principal Crista Sumanik, Communications Consultant Solomon Cordwell Buenz (SCB) 65 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 800 Chicago, Illinois 606 t: f: Peter Noone Peter Noone, AIA, oversees the coordination and management of all professional disciplines in the delivery of a range of building types for SCB studios in Chicago and San Francisco, from tall mixed-use residential developments such as the Legacy at Millennium Park, to corporate headquarters, retail, and large institutional facilities. Mr. Noone is a guest lecturer at the High-rise Studio at the University of Notre Dame, and has presented to the School of Architecture at IIT. He has been a guest critic at the University of Notre Dame, and the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. He has edited and contributed to the Journal of the School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Chicago. Though the halcyon days (from an architect s perspective) of city skylines dotted with tower cranes atop lofty infill projects are a distant memory, tall residential buildings in central business districts remain integral to the establishment and maintenance of sustainable cities. Demographics populations colorfully identified as empty nesters, echo-boomers, and generation Y and anyone attracted to living more sustainably, will continue to create demand for urban multi-family housing projects. Whether the economy supports developments for apartments, condominiums or ultimately a balance of both, good design makes the difference: design that promotes a sense of place, is responsive to the human scale, and creates environments for livable, sustainable density. This paper focuses on the tall building specific issues of planning, designing, developing and constructing a residential skyscraper in a historic, high-density and business dominated urban environment. It draws on the experience of The Legacy at Millennium Park project, a 7-story condominium tower rising from the heart of Chicago s Downtown Loop District. How Tall Then and Now It was a different financial climate when the Legacy was envisioned, yet the condominium building stands today as a successful example of what is possible for residential density in a historic commercial city center. The 50-meter (8-foot) tall, 356-unit tower is stimulating economic growth and reinvigorating an important urban neighborhood in Chicago s Loop. It has defined new standards for Gary Klompmaker In a career spanning 7 years, Gary Klompmaker, AIA, has focused his practice on the design of residential developments, many of them high-rise. These projects include multi-family mixed-use, as well as designs for senior living. Mr. Klompmaker earned his Bachelors and his Masters of Architecture from the University of Michigan. Crista Sumanik Crista Sumanik is a communications consultant who has worked for both the Chicago and San Francisco offices of Solomon Cordwell Buenz. She has 5 years experience writing and editing for a range of media, both as a television journalist and with in-house communications teams. In Hong Kong, Ms. Sumanik was Executive Producer of an award winning nightly newscast for CNN. In Canada, she was Associate Producer of the nation s top-rated morning news and current affairs show. Figure. Chicago s iconic skyline: The Legacy at Millennium Park reaches skyward from the historic commercial Loop Tom Rossiter Photograpy SCB Residential Towers in Central Business Districts CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

3 efficient and sustainable design and has responded to a city s vision to evolve its iconic skyline (see Figure ). When the Legacy Project was first proposed early in 00, city planners were actively engaged with the external design community in re-evaluating policies affecting the construction of tall buildings. There were no height limits for buildings in the downtown area per se, with maximum height governed by buildable floor area ratios negotiated in a planned development process that considers what works best for each project site. Still, as the city expanded eastward, planners were concerned with how best to advance the skyline while protecting the context of the Grant Park area and the historic Michigan Avenue street wall, which defines the dramatic eastern edge of Chicago s downtown. There was a general design guideline to keep heights in the area around 0 meters (400 feet), while north of Grant Park a significant amount of the taller buildings reached heights of 40 to 300 meters (800 to,000 feet ). Samuel Assefa, now Senior Urban Designer for the City of Boulder, Colorado, was director of Land Use and Planning Policy for the city of Chicago at that important time and states, From a design perspective, we wondered how to mirror the development at the north end of the park in a sensible way. We determined that technically and urbanistically, it was better to have buildings that maximize height and minimize bulk, with tall and thin better for the urban form. However, new buildings in the urban center would not just be taller, they would be more sustainable, and have significant street presence. Assefa states, Our focus, primarily, was the building s impact on the total urban environment physically, sustainably, economically to give the city a competitive advantage, but also make it an attractive and livable place. With Mayor Daley s blessing, the city established the Chicago Design Initiative a group of architects, urban planners, and landscape designers as an outside sounding board on major city design policies. While the community was skeptical initially how could they make the numbers work to make these developments possible through the planned development review process we came to agree on not benching the height but rather creating an interesting profile in the 40 to 300-meter (800 to,000-foot) height range all along the western edge of Grant Park. (see Figure ) Site and Urban Form Early analysis suggested that along Wabash Avenue, in the historic Jeweler s Row Figure. View of the Legacy from Chicago Art Institute Extension Tom Rossiter Photograpy Figure 3. Vicinity plan showing the Legacy Tower site between Wabash Avenue and Michigan Avenue and facing eastward to Millennium Park and Lake Michigan SCB CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy Residential Towers in Central Business Districts 3

4 Figure 4. Demolition of vacant structures behind historic façades on Wabash Avenue Walsh Construction District, there were several possible sites where buildings could be set back, made as thin as possible and extruded to appropriate heights in skyline profile. This included the site for the Legacy, which was a significant determiner of the building s form. At 60 E. Monroe Street, the challenging,694-square meter (9,000-square foot) site is surrounded by landmark buildings, such as Adler and Sullivan s oldest surviving design, and several by Holabird & Root. The developer, Monroe/ Wabash Development purchased the site from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC), which had previously acquired the site for future expansion. On the small site were four existing buildings, one occupied by the SAIC and landmarked (the Sharp Building, not part of the purchase), and three vacant six-story buildings, which were part of the historic district but not individually landmarked (see Figure 3). There was nothing remarkable about the vacant buildings besides the façades and their relationship to Wabash Avenue. It was determined that these buildings would be demolished, but the historic façades would be saved, restored, and incorporated into the base of the tower (see Figure 4). Comprehensive research by consulting firm McGuire Igleski and Associates directed the restoration and the return of the façades to a period in time when they worked best together. As a group, they belie the extensive activity that now exists behind them: on the first three floors they interact with the street, Figure 5. The restored façades integrated into the base of the Legacy tower, looking south along Wabash Avenue Tom Rossiter Photography retail and dedicated school space, as well as the city s elevated train (the El ). Above the third floor, the façades discretely hide the multi-level parking garage. The ground level façades of the historic Sharp Building, immediately south of the site, were also restored. Some detractors did not consider this treatment an adequately sensitive compromise between preservation and reuse, but Assefa demurs, That s a critical debate that constantly takes place a hard line taken by some about what to do with historic buildings that if you touch it, it s gone. Where we lose sight is not being able to see if it s done right the value that is added to a historic district, or historic street, or historic building when a new building is well integrated. I think that the Legacy and the Heritage Court (a residential tower at 30 N. Garland developed by Mesa and designed by SCB) are good examples of really enhancing the place and the historic character, and integrating all of the uses (see Figure 5). Scale and Synergy Respecting the existing urban fabric and showing utmost sensitivity to placement, the Figure 6. The cantilevered sky-bridge connecting the 3 th floor of the Legacy tower to the adjacent University Club Tom Rossiter Photography 4 Residential Towers in Central Business Districts CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

5 Figure 7. Temporary supports protecting historic façades, with El tracks in foreground Walsh Construction Figure 8. Third pour of mat slab with north wall of historic Sharp building to left of site Walsh Construction tower was set back 9 meters (30 feet) from the historic street faces, allowing the Legacy to fit with its small scaled neighbors. From Wabash, the 6,9-square meter (. million-square foot) tower looks like it sits on Michigan Avenue, while from Michigan Avenue it looks like it sits on Wabash Avenue. The roughly triangular typical floor plan maximizes the number of units with views of Millennium Park and Lake Michigan to the east, and the tapered point of the plan provides an extremely narrow profile for the tower when viewed from the park. With the tower oriented and sculpted for the best possible views from residences on floors 5 to 7, the design team also set to maximizing the potential synergy between the building and its neighbors. At street level, the entrance to the tower is through the first floor of the existing on-site historic Sharp Building (owned by the SAIC) with the parking entrance for the Legacy accessed through the historic façades on Wabash Avenue. Incorporated into the first three floors of the tower are 3,809 square meters (4,000 square feet) of academic space for the SAIC, with the second and third floors tying directly into the more than a hundred year-old Sharp Building adjacent to the site. At the completion of construction, ownership of the space was transferred from the Developer to the SAIC. Standing beside the Legacy is a landmark, neo-gothic-inspired Holabird & Root skyscraper, home of the more than 5 year-old University Club of Chicago. In exchange for incorporating expanded athletic amenities (including five new squash courts) for the University Club on the 3 th floor of the Legacy, reciprocal agreements allow Legacy residents benefit from the extensive amenities of the club. The Legacy and the University Club are connected via a cantilevered sky-bridge on the 3 th floor that is wholly supported from the tower (see Figure 6). Ownership of the squash courts and the sky-bridge were transferred to the University Club upon completion of that space in the tower. The Legacy also shares loading dock space with its neighbors, allowing a previously congested alley to be cleaned up and operated efficiently. Challenges Inspire Innovation Notwithstanding the challenges of deftly sculpting a 6,9-square meter (. millionsquare foot) building on a,694-square meter (9,000-square foot) site, the lack of any staging area created many significant design and logistical challenges that the team, led by Walsh Construction, needed to manage. During demolition and construction, a temporary support system was used to support the existing Wabash Avenue façades. With the site surrounded by the Sharp Building to the south, the Adler & Sullivan building to the north, the retained façades to the west, and a narrow shared alley on the east, all materials and personnel entering the site had to come through openings in the retained façades; all of the crane lifted materials were hoisted within nine meters (thirty feet ) of the active elevated train tracks, which are located above Wabash Avenue, just outside the retained façades (see Figure 7). Theoretically, site soil conditions and the dense footprint of the building required that caisson foundations be extended to the underlying bedrock, rather than having them sit on hardpan as is common in Chicago residential high-rise construction. The project team worked with city engineers to utilize Osterberg testing of the bearing strata during construction, a method to statistically test the near ultimate capacity of full-sized caissons (or drilled piers) and obtain information about their performance. This testing demonstrated that the optimum solution was to sit the caissons on top of the bedrock, rather than socket them into it. As a result, over US$ million was saved, and the construction schedule was shortened by 30 days. Parking requirements necessitated that spaces be located in a podium beneath the tower where columns would be tightly spaced for residential planning. A.7-meter (9-foot) thick mat transfer slab at the 4 th floor allowed for optimal placement of columns CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy Residential Towers in Central Business Districts 5

6 ...greener Besides making cities more affordable and architecturally interesting, tall buildings are greener than sprawl, and they foster social capital and creativity. Yet some urban planners and preservationists seem to have a misplaced fear of heights that yields damaging restrictions on how tall a building can be. From New York to Paris to Mumbai, there s a powerful case for building up, not out. Edward Glaeser in his article, How Skyscrapers Can Save the City, TheAtlantic Magazine, March 0 efficiently spaced for parking below the tower, and for ideal column spacing for the residential floor plan above the slab. The slab was poured over the course of three weeks in three separate lifts (see Figure 8). Sustainable Elements While seeking creative solutions to technical and logistical challenges, city planners also encouraged the development team to push the envelope with regard to sustainability as a way to enhance the building experience. Assefa: There are so many different ways one can define sustainability, but to me, the most important part is quality of life. Can people actually live comfortably in that space? While the evidence was mostly anecdotal at the time, and has since been proven to have merit, city planners believed green spaces within the vertical neighborhood would improve the residents experience. Designers found opportunities to incorporate sky gardens large, common, landscaped spaces into the 5 th, 4 nd and 60 th floors (see Figure 9). These interior/exterior public areas are the high-rise equivalent of the many parks that dot Chicago s residential neighborhoods (see Figure 0). The Legacy also has a green roof, which is one of the highest green roofs in the country. At the time, there was a strong push in the city to develop green roofs, and as a result, Chicago now has more than 37,6 square meters (4 million square feet) of green roof area in the city center. But Assefa says Mayor Daley s vision was bigger than that: We wanted to use the Legacy as a lab to try new ideas and concepts. The challenge was, of course, the structure, but tall buildings also consume significant energy, so how could we mitigate that? Beyond the actual, quantifiable impacts of a green roof, or other sustainable design elements, or even LEED ratings, Assefa says that one of the most important impacts of embracing sustainability is the opportunity to change paradigms: From a city s perspective, we were framing it as good sustainable policy is good economic policy; good, well-designed buildings are good economically for the developer, but they re also good economically for the Figure 9. Section looking east toward Lake Michigan shows sky gardens on Level 5, 4, and 60 SCB 6 Residential Towers in Central Business Districts CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

7 city to have a competitive advantage. He adds that changing paradigms is the path to the eventual acceptance of green as an important element in a city s development and evolution. Energy Savings Whereas the traditional approach to residential construction in Chicago utilizes an exposed architectural concrete structure as part of the building envelope, the Legacy is fully clad with a thermally efficient unitized curtain wall featuring low-e and Argon-filled insulating glass units. The design of the high-performance skin features floor-toceiling glass and operable windows for abundant natural interior lighting and ventilation; this makes the Legacy more efficient to heat and cool as compared to traditional exposed concrete and punched window buildings of a similar size and scale. Photovoltaic cells on the top three floors offset some of the energy used by the Legacy s exterior decorative lighting system. Richard Hanson, CEO of Mesa Development, takes a more macro view. He asserts that the Legacy addresses sustainability by adding density to downtown without taking even one square foot of ground level space from an Figure 0. Sky garden on the 5 th floor Walsh Construction existing use: Getting people to live downtown is really important. If you tried to take 356 residences in a suburban subdivision context, and you estimated that each residence required half an acre, that s about 60 hectares (50 acres) of land just to put the houses on, and then when you add the roads, streets, arterial you re probably saving four to five hundred acres of land with just one building. Additionally, living within the central business district means residents are in close proximity to extensive public transportation to access work and life pursuits, without the use of private vehicles. Its location in the downtown core also allowed the Legacy to connect to the city s district chilled water system, Thermal Chicago, eliminating the need for three 600-ton water chillers and associated cooling towers on the building roof. This means the building is supplied with 3 C (56 F) water to be used as a heat sink or source for temperature control. In addition to the elimination of chillers or tanks on the roof, the heating/cooling system uses no chemicals, dumps nothing into the waste water system and significantly reduced mechanical noise and heat dissipation on site. Future Outlook Residential real estate market fundamentals are strengthening albeit more convincingly in some areas of the country than in others, depending on size, demographics and geography and infill projects in central business districts are being built, but not to the heights of recent years. These projects are returning to levels around fifty stories, the seemingly optimal height respecting current cost per square foot thresholds in major American cities. Increasingly, these developments are also more balanced between rental and condominium properties, and the trend in the short term will continue to be for developers to offer smaller, more efficient apartments in amenity-rich buildings with ample sustainable features. Still, Hanson says he s been in the game long enough to see tough times return to good times, and he remains a firm believer in tall, infill developments encouraging density: Our population is expected to grow by 00 million people by the year 050, which isn t long from now. All those people are going to have to live somewhere, and they can t live in somebody else s basement. So the question comes about as to where? Whether condominiums or apartments, as increased residential density in CBDs, or more transit oriented developments in collar suburbs of major cities, or even as increased relocation of office hubs to residential areas outside of city centers, Hanson sees the end of suburban sprawl and the commuter culture: The boom times that this country has had since World War II are essentially over. We can t afford massive single-family homes in sprawling edge suburbs anymore because we cannot continue to consume energy like we have been. Tall infill projects are not being financed right now, but tall residential buildings are probably the most critical things to get built. Until that happens, the Legacy and similarly successful residential towers now reaching skyward from central business districts will continue to demonstrate what is possible for this building typology in a downtown commercial core. These buildings serve growing segments of the population who desire amenity-rich lifestyles and safe urban homes. They serve cities that desire significant real estate tax revenues, as well as local businesses, which desire the potentially substantial purchasing power of new urban residents. And as architectural statements, well-designed residential towers provide opportunities to revitalize the urban experience, knit multiple and disparate structures into a seamless urban fabric, and contribute to the progression and sustainable growth of America s cities. CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy Residential Towers in Central Business Districts 7

8 The Tallest Twenty in 00 The following pages contain a brief overview of the twenty tallest buildings completed during 00, which include seven projects in the UAE (with a combined height of,69 meters), seven in China (,448 meters), two in Russia (558 meters), and one in each of Vietnam (69 meters), Turkey (6 meters), the USA (49 meters) and South Korea (49 meters). 00: A Year in Review In a year dominated by news coverage of the new World s Tallest Building Burj Khalifa one may be surprised to learn that, besides being the year in which a building first surpassed the 600, 700, and 800-meter thresholds, 00 has seen the completion of more skyscrapers than any previous year (see Tall Building in Numbers, page 3). Including the Burj Khalifa, eight supertalls were completed among the tallest twenty, four of which are over 400 meters in height. These four buildings are now the st, 4 th, 7 th and 9 th tallest buildings in the world. That s a 40% change in the world s tallest ten in the course of a single year! This has not occurred since 930 when, led by New York s Chrysler Building, four US buildings were added to the tallest ten list. A quick look at 00 s tallest twenty reveals that the UAE and China have again had an incredible year and together, account for 4 of the 0 projects. The USA, on the other hand, barely makes the list (The Legacy, Chicago at number 9). Vietnam and Turkey enter the list as newcomers, each celebrating their first building over 00 meters in height. There are now, with 00 s significant additions, 50 supertalls around the world, a 9% increase in the course of a single year! (9) Sky Tower, Abu Dhabi () Sulafa Tower, Dubai (5) The Index, Dubai (8) Capital City Moscow Tower, Moscow () Shanghai Wheelock Square, Shanghai (3) Nanjing Greenland Financial Center, Nanjing (4) Bitexco Financial Tower, Ho Chi Minh City (7) Capital City St. Petersburg Tower, Moscow (5) Istanbul Sapphire, Istanbul (6) Lanko Complex Yage Tower, Chongqing (9) The Legacy at Millennium Park, Chicago (7) Ocean Heights, Dubai (3) Hotel JAL Tower, Dubai 8 The Tallest Twenty in 00 CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

9 Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE () Burj Khalifa, Dubai Height : 88 m/,77 ft Building Use: office/residential/hotel Structural Material: steel/concrete Total Floors: 63 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: Owner/Developer: Emaar Properties PJSC Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Associate Architect: Hyder Consulting Structural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP MEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Main Contractors: Samsung; Besix Group; Arabtec (8) Excellence Century Plaza Tower, Senzhen () Commerce Centre, Hong Kong (0) Excellence Century Plaza Tower, Senzhen (0) Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 0, Hwaseong (4) Guangzhou Finance Center, Guangzhou (6) HHHR Tower, Dubai SOM Nick Merrick Hedrich Blessing 00 Commerce Centre Hong Kong, China Height : 484 m/,588 ft Building Use: hotel/office Structural Material: composite Total Floors: 08 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 4 Owner/Developer: Hang Lung Group; Sun Hung Kai Properties Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates Associate Architect: Wong and Ouyang Ltd. Structural Engineer: Arup MEP Engineer: J. Roger Preston Limited Michael Weber 3 Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Nanjing, China Height : 450 m/,476 ft Building Use: hotel/office Structural Material: composite Total Floors: 66 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 7 Developer: Nanjing State Owned Assets & Greenland Financial Center Co Ltd Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Associate Architect: ECADI Structural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP MEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Main Contractor: Shanghai Construction Group SOM 4 Guangzhou Finance Center Guangzhou, China Height : 438 m/,435 ft Building Use: hotel/office Structural Material: composite Total Floors: 03 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 9 Architect: Wilkinson Eyre Architects Associate Architect: South China Design Institute Structural Engineer: Arup MEP Engineer: Arup Jonathan Leijonhufvud CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy The Tallest Twenty in 00 9

10 5 The Index Dubai, UAE 9 Sky Tower Abu Dhabi, UAE Height : 36 m/,070 ft Building Use: residential/office Total Floors: 80 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 9 Height : 9 m/959 ft Building Use: residential/office Total Floors: 74 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 58 Owner/Developer: Union Properties Architect: Foster + Partners Associate Architect: Khatib & Alami; Woods Bagot Structural Engineer: Halverson & Partners; Bruechle, Gilchrist & Evans MEP Engineer: Roger Preston & Partners; WSP Group Owner/Developer: Sorouh Real Estate Development; Tameer Holding Investment Architect: Arquitectonica Associate Architect: RW Armstrong; National Engineering Bureau Structural Engineer: Hyder Consulting MEP Engineer: Ian Banham and Associates Imre Solt William Grime 6 HHHR Tower Dubai, UAE Height : 38 m/,04 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 7 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 35 Owner/Developer: Dubai Real Estate Architect: Al Hashemi; Farayand Architectural Engineering Consultancy MEP Engineer: Ian Banham & Associates Consulting Engineers 7 Ocean Heights Dubai, UAE Tariq Dajani 0 Excellence Century Plaza Tower Shenzhen, China Height : 88 m/945 ft Building Use: office Structural Material: composite Total Floors: 60 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 64 Owner/Developer: Excellence Century Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. Architect: Leo A. Daly Associate Architect: China Construction Design Structural Engineer: China Construction Design MEP Engineer: China Construction Design Sulafa Tower Dubai, UAE Height : 30 m/,07 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 83 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 37 Height : 85 m/935 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 75 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 66 Owner/Developer: Damac Gulf Properties LLC Architect: Aedas Ltd Associate Architect: ECG Engineering Consultants Group Structural Engineer: Meinhardt Ltd MEP Engineer: Ian Banham & Associates Consulting Engineers Main Contractor: Arabtec Architect: National Engineering Bureau Structural Engineer: National Engineering Bureau MEP Engineer: National Engineering Bureau Main Contractor: TAV Construction Aedas 8 Capital City Moscow Tower Moscow, Russia William Grime Shanghai Wheelock Square Shanghai, China Height : 30 m/989 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 76 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 48 Owner/Developer: Capital Group Architect: NBBJ Structural Engineer: Arup MEP Engineer: Arup Height : 70 m/886 ft Building Use: office Total Floors: 59 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 8 Owner/Developer: Wharf Holdings Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates Associate Architect: Leigh & Orange Structural Engineer: Arup MEP Engineer: Parsons Brinckerhoff Jan Klerks Hans-Georg Esch 0 The Tallest Twenty in 00 CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

11 3 Hotel JAL Tower Dubai, UAE Height : 69 m/883 ft Building Use: hotel Total Floors: 60 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 89 Owner/Developer: Ghassan Ahmed Al Khaled Architect: BRT Architekten Structural Engineer: Anwar El Nimer MEP Engineer: Ali Sultan Main Contractor: ACICO Construction 7 Capital City St. Petersburg Tower Moscow, Russia Height : 57 m/843 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 65 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 6 Owner/Developer: Capital Group Architect: NBBJ Structural Engineer: Arup MEP Engineer: Arup Susmit Dey William Grime CZ Studio 4 Bitexco Financial Tower Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Height : 69 m/88 ft Building Use: office Structural Material: composite Total Floors: 68 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 9 Owner/Developer: Bitexco Land Architect: Carlos Zapata Studio Associate Architect: AREP; VNCC Structural Engineer: Leslie E. Robertson Associates; VNCC MEP Engineer: dsa ENGINEERING Main Contractors: Turner Construction; Hyundai Industrial Development & Construction 5 Istanbul Sapphire Istanbul, Turkey Height : 6 m/856 ft Building Use: concrete Structural Material: residential Total Floors: 54 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 09 Owner/Developer: Biskon Yapı A.Ş Architect: Tabanlioglu Architects Structural Engineer: Balkar Mühendislik MEP Engineer: Gn Mühendislik; HB Teknik Main Contractor: Biskon Yapı A.Ş Murat Germen Tom Rossiter 6 Lanko Complex Yage Tower Chongqing, China Height : 58 m/846 ft Building Use: office Total Floors: 54 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 8 Excellence Century Plaza Tower Shenzhen, China Height : 50 m/80 ft Building Use: hotel/office Structural Material: composite Total Floors: 57 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 43 Owner/Developer: Excellence Century Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. Architect: Leo A. Daly Associate Architect: China Construction Design Structural Engineer: China Construction Design MEP Engineer: China Construction Design 9 The Legacy at Millennium Park Chicago, USA Height : 49 m/88 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 73 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 50 Owner/Developer: Monroe/Wabash Development, LLC; Mesa Development Company Architect: Solomon Cordwell Buenz Associate Architect: McGuire Igleski Structural Engineer: C.S. Associates MEP Engineer: WMA Consulting Engineers Contractor: Walsh Construction 0 Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 0 Hwaseong, South Korea Height : 49 m/87 ft Building Use: residential Total Floors: 66 CTBUH World s Tallest Building Ranking: 55 Classic03 Owner/Developer: Chongqing Kaiyue Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. Architect: Design Institute III Department of Mechanics, Electronics & Industry Structural + MEP Engineer: Design Institute III Department of Mechanics, Electronics & Industry Main Contractor: Chongqing Urban Construction Holding (Group) Co., Ltd Tom Rossiter Owner/Developer: Metapolis Inc. Architect: KUNWON Associate Architect: HSS&Associate Structural Engineer: Chang Minwoo S&C, Midas, TTG, Do-Hwa MEP Engineer: Woowon M&E, Samwon MEC Contractor: POSCO E&C, SHINDONGAH E&C CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy The Tallest Twenty in 00

12 Tall Buildings in Numbers All Buildings 00 meters or Taller Completed in 00 Asia Middle East North America Europe Central America No Building Name City Stories m ft Burj Khalifa Dubai Commerce Centre Hong Kong Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Nanjing Guangzhou Int Finance Center Guangzhou The Index Dubai HHHR Tower Dubai Ocean Heights Dubai Capital City Moscow Tower Moscow Sky Tower Abu Dhabi Excellence Century Plaza Tower Shenzhen Sulafa Tower Dubai Shanghai Wheelock Square Shanghai Hotel JAL Tower Dubai Bitexco Financial Tower Ho Chi Minh Lanko Int Complex Yage Tower Chongqing Istanbul Sapphire Istanbul Capital City St. Petersburg Tower Moscow Excellence Century Plaza Tower Shenzhen The Legacy at Millennium Park Chicago Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 0 Hwaseong The Imperial I Mumbai The Imperial II Mumbai Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 04 Hwaseong Ocean Two Panama City Marina Bay Financial Center Tower II Singapore Dalian Futures Square Dalian Dalian Futures Square Dalian Tianjin Junlin Tianxia Building Tianjin Sun Tower Abu Dhabi Rolex Tower Dubai Churchill Residence Dubai CCTV Headquarters Beijing Mag 8 Tower Dubai Goldman Sachs Headquarters New York Kaina Business Plaza Changzhou Blue Cross Headquarters Chicago Suseong Leader's View Daegu Suseong Leader's View Daegu Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 0 Hwaseong Marina Bay Residences Singapore Equity Tower Jakarta CITIC Pacific HQ Shanghai Mandarin Oriental Shanghai The Orchard Residences Singapore One Link Walk Guangzhou Sheraton Int Business Center Chongqing Sheraton Int Business Center Chongqing R&F Center Huizhou Corniche Tower Ajman Al Rostamani Maze Tower Dubai Austonian Austin Vertical City Guangzhou Marina Bay Sands Hotel Singapore Marina Bay Sands Hotel Singapore Marina Bay Sands Hotel 3 Singapore Ningbo Trade Center Ningbo The Vue Charlotte East Pacific Center Tower C Shenzhen Northpoint South Tower Pattaya Troika Tower 3 Kuala Lumpur Nassima Tower Dubai Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 03 Hwaseong L.A. Live Hotel & Condominiums Los Angeles The Pano Bangkok Taehwa River Iaan Exodium Tower Ulsan Taehwa River Iaan Exodium Tower Ulsan Number Number 00: A Tall Building Review Tall Buildings 00 meters or Taller Completed in 00: by Country China UAE South Korea 6 3 USA Singapore Number of Buildings (Total = 66) Sum of Heights (Total = 6,88 m) 498 Thailand Tall Buildings 00 meters or Taller Completed in 00: by City Dubai Singapore 4 93 Hwaseong Chongqing Guangzhou Shanghai India 559 Russia Number of Buildings (Total = 66) Sum of Heights (Total = 6,88 m) Shenzhen Abu Dhabi Chicago 6 69 Indonesia Malaysia Panama Turkey Vietnam Note: One tall building 00 m+ in height also completed during 00 in theses cities: Ajman, Austin, Bangkok, Beijing, Changzhou, Charlotte, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Huizhou, Istanbul, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, Nanjing, New York, Ningbo, Panama City, Pattaya, and Tianjin China is the country that dominates the 00 list, with 3 buildings in the tallest 5 and 3% of the list overall. Asia + the Middle East account for 85% of the list. Note: For a detailed Tallest Twenty in 00 analysis, see page Daegu Dalian Moscow Mumbai Ulsan Supertalls were completed during 00 the most of any year on record. Only one of these is outside China & UAE Capital City Moscow Tower Sum of heights (m) Sum of heights (m) Tall Buildings in Numbers CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

13 Tall Buildings 00 meters or Taller Completed in 00: by Region Tall Buildings 00 meters or Taller Completed in 00: by Function Tall Buildings 00 meters or Taller Completed in 00: by Structural Material Europe 3 (5%) Middle East 4 (%) North America 6 (9%) Asia 4 (64%) Central America (%) Residential 30 (45%) Hotel 6 (9%) Office 3 (0%) Mixed 7 (6%) Concrete/Steel (%) Steel 3 (5%) Concrete 48 (73%) Composite 4 (%) Tall buildings 00 meters or taller completed each year from 960 to Number of buildings 00 m+ completed each year Total numbers of tall buildings over 00 meters Number of 00 m+ buildings Number of supertalls (300 m+) Projected number of 00 m+ buildings Projected number of supertalls (300 m+) Note:. We can predict 0 0 building completions with some acuracy due to projects now in advanced construction. From 03, we expect to see a drop in the number of tall buildings completed due to the global recession, until the worldwide economy recovers.. Totals after 00 take into account the destruction of the World Trade Center Towers and 50m 00m 50m 00m 50m 0m 00m + The 66 buildings 00 m or taller completed in 00 are located across 33 cities. Dubai is the city with the most: buildings, with 4 of them being supertalls (300 m+). 34% 45% 4% 0% The percentage of office buildings on the list has fallen from 4% in 009 to just 0% in 00. Residential has increased from 34% to 45%. In the previous year, 009, North America had 3 buildings in the tallest 5 including the first, second and fifth tallest. In 00 the tallest North American building comes in at #9. CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy Tall Buildings in Numbers 3

14 About the CTBUH Board of Trustees Chairman: Sang Dae Kim, Korea University, Korea Vice Chair: David Scott, Arup, USA Executive Director: Antony Wood, CTBUH & IIT, USA Treasurer: Charles Killebrew, NBBJ, USA Secretary: William Maibusch, Turner Construction Int. LLC, Qatar Trustee: Sabah Al Rayes, Pan Arab Consulting Engineers, Kuwait Trustee: William Baker, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, USA Trustee: Peter Irwin, RWDI, Canada Trustee: Tim Johnson, NBBJ, USA Staff/Contributors Executive Director: Antony Wood Operations: Patti Thurmond Communications: Jan Klerks Publications: Steven Henry Production: Nathaniel Hollister General Counsel: Joseph Dennis Database Editor: Marshall Gerometta Website Editor: Tansri Muliani News Editor: Katharina Holzapfel Research Coordinator: Philip Oldfield IT Support: Wai Sing Chew Special Media Correspondent: Jeff Herzer Advisory Group Ahmad K. Abdelrazaq, Samsung Corporation, Korea Mir M. Ali, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA Dimitrios Antzoulis, Turner LLC, USA Carl Baldassarra, Rolf Jensen Associates, USA W. Gene Corley, CTL Group, USA Johannes de Jong, KONE, Finland Mahjoub Elnimeiri, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA James G. Forbes, Hyder Consulting, Australia Thomas K. Fridstein, AECOM Enterprises, USA Mark J. Frisch, Solomon Cordwell Buenz, USA Mayank Gandi, Remaking of Mumbai Federation, India Paul James, Bovis Lend Lease, USA Simon Lay, WSP Group, UK Moira M. Moser, M. Moser Associates, Hong Kong Jerry R. Reich, Horvath Reich CDC, Inc., USA Mark P. Sarkisian, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, USA Brett Taylor, Bornhorst + Ward Consulting Engineers, Australia Steve Watts, Davis Langdon LLP, UK Working Groups/Committee Co-Chairs Awards Committee: Richard Cook, Cook+Fox Architects Height Committee: Peter Weismantle, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Finance & Economics: Steve Watts Fire & Safety: Jose L. Torero & Daniel O Connor Legal Aspects of Tall Buildings: Cecily Davis Progressive Collapse: Robert Smilowitz & Ioannis Kourakis Research, Academic and Postgraduate: Sabina Fazlic, Philip Oldfield & Dario Trabucco Seismic Design: Ron Klemencic, Andrew Whittaker & Michael Willford Sustainable Design: Antony Wood Wind Engineering: Peter Irwin & Roy Denoon Country Representatives Australia: Brett Taylor, Bornhorst + Ward Consulting Engineers Austria: Ronald Mischek, Mischek Ziviltechniker GmbH Brazil: Antonio Macêdo Filho, ECObuilding Canada: Barry Charnish, Halcrow Yolles China: Guo-Qiang Li, Tongji Univesity Finland: Mikko Korte, KONE Corporation Germany: Werner Sobek, University of Stuttgart Greece: Alexios Vandoros, Vandoros & Partners Hong Kong: Stefan Krummeck, TFP Farrells India: Mayank Gandhi, Remaking of Mumbai Federation Indonesia: Tiyok Prasetyoadi, PDW Architects Iran: Peyman Askarinejad, Arabtec Construction, LLC Israel: Israel David, David Engineers Italy: Dario Trabucco, IUAV di Venezia Japan: Masayoshi Nakai, Takenaka Corporation Korea: JuHwan Cho, SIAPLAN Architects & Planners New Zealand: Simon Longuet-Higgins, Beca Group Philippines: Felino A. Palafox, Palafox Associates Qatar: William Maibusch, Turner Construction Russia: Elena Shuvalova, Lobby Agency Singapore: Juneid Qureshi, Meinhardt (S) Pte Ltd. South Africa: Alastair Collins Taiwan: Cathy Yang, Taipei Financial Center Corp. Thailand: Pennung Warnitchai, Asian Institute of Technology Turkey: Hatice Sozer, Energy Institute, Istanbul Technical University United Arab Emirates: Khaled A. Al-Sallal, UAE University United Kingdom: Steve Watts, Davis Langdon LLP 4 Meet the CTBUH CTBUH Membership p City Moscow Tow y Burj Khalifa. Capital ai Wo p. Burj al Arab Hotel. ai Wheelock Square. Shangh p Financial Towers y Shangh q The Trump Build Tower. BOCOM Tower. SEG g The Cullinan II. Bank of China Fina n by Rotana. Scotia The Cullinan I. America Tower. Two Tow a Bank of ic Rose Rayhaa 0. The Address. The Center. Tuntex Sky Tower. Willis Bank of Americ ance Tower. Republ st Taipei America Trump World Tower. ou Trade Center. Williams Tower. Citigro Kong Centre. 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Hong Kong New World Finance MEMBERSHIP The levels, ben efits, and proc edures of CTBUH rg membership In 00 the CTBUH organizational member network included 46,6 individuals working in 3,98 offices around the world: architects, engineers, developers, building owners, financiers, contractors, urban planners, etc. Why Join? Be part of the world s fastest growing, multi-disciplinary network of professionals involved in the design, construction and operation of tall buildings and urban habitat internationally. Have your company promoted within and beyond the international network through inclusion of your company name & logo on the CTBUH website and in all publications. Gain access to the latest start-of-the-art concepts, developments and technical information in tall buildings, sustainability and urban development. Receive copies of all publications, plus the world s only multi-disciplinary journal focused on tall buildings and urban habitat, the CTBUH Journal, produced four times per year. Receive complimentary and/or discounted registration at CTBUH events congresses, conferences etc, for educational and business networking purposes. Get involved in working groups and committees to be a part of those advancing knowledge and research, and receive recognition in the publications and other resulting outputs. Receive the latest tall building news from around the world through our monthly e-newsletter and RSS feed. Receive electronic copies of press articles connected with your company and projects, through our Media Tracking Service. Support necessary new research into important aspects of tall buildings being undertaken by the CTBUH research division, and have access to the CTBUH Library / Resource Center. Invest in both your business networking and your knowledge development in preparation for future projects and opportunities. For more information on the levels, benefits and procedures of CTBUH Membership contact our Member Services at membership@ctbuh.org CTBUH Journal 0 Extracts: The Legacy

15 CTBUH Organizational Members (As of May5, 0) SUPPORTING CONTRIBUTORS AECOM Al Hamra Real Estate Company NV.Besix SA BT - Applied Technology Buro Happold, Ltd. Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Doosan Engineering & Construction Emaar Properties, PJSC Hyundai Amco Co., Ltd. Hyundai Engineering & Constuction Co., Ltd. Illinois Institute of Technology - (Hand Deliver) Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, PC KONE Industrial, Ltd. Korea University Lotte Engineering & Construction Co. Mori Building Co., Ltd. NBBJ Samsung C&T Corp. Shanghai Tower Construction & Development Co., Ltd. Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure, Ltd. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Taipei Financial Center Corp. (TAIPEI 0) Turner Construction Company PATRONS Arabtec Construction LLC Blume Foundation BMT Fluid Mechanics, Ltd. FC Beekman Associates, LLC Hongkong Land, Ltd. KLCC Property Holdings Berhad Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) Meinhardt Group Saudi Oger, Ltd. Thornton Tomasetti, Inc. Tishman Speyer Properties Weidlinger Associates, Inc. Zuhair Fayez Partnership DONORS Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, LLP American Institute of Steel Construction AON Fire Protection Engineering Corp. Arup Enclos Corp. Fender Katsalidis Gale, LLC (New Songdo City Development) Gensler Halcrow Yolles Heerim Architects & Planners Co., Ltd. Hyder Consulting Pty., Ltd. Hyundai Steel Company Jacobs Larsen & Toubro, Ltd. Leslie E. Robertson Associates, RLLP Magnusson Klemencic Associates, Inc. Mooyoung Architects & Engineers Pickard Chilton Architects, Inc. Remaking of Mumbai Federation The Rise Group LLC RMJM Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Inc. Severud Associates Consulting Engineers, PC Shanghai Construction (Group) General Co. Ltd. Shanghai Institute of Architectural Design & Research Co., Ltd. SIAPLAN Architects and Planners Solomon Cordwell Buenz Studio Gang Architects SWA Group Syska Hennessy Group, Inc. Viracon Walter P. Moore and Associates, Inc. Werner Voss + Partner Willis Group Woods Bagot CONTRIBUTORS Aedas, Ltd. ALHOSN University Alvine Engineering American Iron and Steel Institute Barker Mohandas, LLC BFLS Bonacci Group Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory Bovis Lend Lease Broadway Malyan Asia Pte Ltd Canary Wharf Group, PLC Canderel Management, Inc. CCL Continental Automated Buildings Association CS Structural Engineering, Inc. Deerns Consulting Engineers DHV Bouw en Industrie DongYang Structural Engineers Co., Ltd. Dow Corning Corporation The Durst Organization, Inc. East China Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. Far East Aluminum Works (US) Corporation Gardner Metal Systems, Inc. Goettsch Partners HAEAHN Architecture, Inc. Hyundai Development Company Inmobiliaria Titanium S.A. INTEMAC, SA Paint Ltd. JCE Structural Engineering Group, Inc. KHP Konig und Heunisch Planungsgesellschaft M Moser Associates Ltd. MulvannyG Architecture Nabih Youssef & Associates National Fire Protection Association Nishkian Menninger Consulting and Structural Engineers Norman Disney & Young Otis Elevator Company Paris La Défense (Etablissement Public d Aménagement de La Défense Seine Arche) Perkins + Will Permasteelisa North America Rosenwasser/Grossman Consulting Engineers, PC SAMOO Architects & Engineers Sanni, Ojo & Partners Schindler Elevator Corp. SilverEdge Systems Software, Inc. The Steel Institute of New York Structal-Heavy Steel Construction T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd. Tekla Corp. ThyssenKrupp Elevator Qatar TSNIIEP for Residential and Public Buildings University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign WH-P GmbH Beratende Ingenieure Wilkinson Eyre Architects WSP Group PARTICIPANTS Aidea Philippines, Inc. AKF Group, LLC Al Ghurair Construction - Aluminum LLC Al Jazera Consultants Allford Hall Monaghan Morris, Ltd. Altus Group, Ltd. ARC Studio Architecture + Urbanism ArcelorMittal Architects 6 Pte., Ltd. Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tongji University (Group) Co., Ltd. Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tsinghua University Architectural Institute of Korea Arquitectonica Corp. ASA Architectural Designs CC Atkins BAUM Architects, Engineers & Consultants, Inc. Beca Group BG&E Pty., Ltd. Billings Design Associates, Ltd. BluEnt Boston Properties, Inc. Bouygues Construction Breuer Consulting Group The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, BSE Callison, LLP Capital Group Case Foundation Co. CB Engineers CCHRB (Chicago Committee on High-Rise Buildings) CDC Curtain Wall Design & Consulting, Inc. China Academy of Building Research Chinachem Group CICO Consulting Architects and Engineers Code Consultants, Inc. Contract Glaziers, Inc. Cook+Fox Architects Cosentini Associates COWI A/S Cox Architecture Pty. Ltd. CPP, Inc. CS Associates, Inc. CTL Group Cundall Dar Al-Handasah (Shair & Partners) Delft University of Technology Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers (HK), Ltd. DeStefano and Partners, Ltd. dhk Architects Pty., Ltd. Downing DSP Design Associates Pvt., Ltd. Dunbar & Boardman Edgett Williams Consulting Group, Inc. ELU Konsult AB Ennead Architects LLP Environmental Systems Design, Inc. Epstein Export Development Canada (EDC) Faithful + Gould Fortune Consultants, Ltd. FXFOWLE Architects, LLC GHC Brydens Project Management GHD Pty. Ltd. M/s. Glass Wall Systems (India) Pvt. Ltd Godrej Properties, Ltd. Gold Coast City Council Gorproject (Urban Planning Institute of Residential and Public Buildings) Grace Construction Products Guangzhou Scientific Computing Consultants Co., Ltd. GVK Elevator Consulting Services, Inc. Halvorson and Partners Hamza Associates Haynes-Whaley Associates, Inc. Heller Manus Architects Hilson Moran Partnership, Ltd. Hoerr Schaudt Landscape Architects HOK, Inc. Hong Kong Housing Authority Housing and Development Board Infrastrutture Lombarde S.p.A. Intelligent Engineering Irwinconsult Pty., Ltd. Iv-Consult b.v. Jaros Baum & Bolles JBA Consulting Engineers, Inc. John Portman & Associates, Inc. KEO Consultants, Inc. The Korean Structural Engineers Association KPMB Architects Langan Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc. Leigh & Orange, Ltd. Lerch Bates, Inc. Lerch Bates, Ltd. Europe LOADTEST Lobby Agency Louie Structural Engineers Magellan Development Group, LLC Magnetek, Inc. Margolin Bros. Engineering & Consulting, Ltd. James McHugh Construction Co. McNamara / Salvia, Inc Murphy / Jahn Architects LLC Nanjing Group Co. Ltd. Nikken Sekkei, Ltd. O Connor Sutton Cronin Odell Associates, Inc. Option One, WLL P&T Group Palafox Associates PDW Architects Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects Perkins Eastman Architects, PC Powe Architects PPG Industries, Inc. Rafael Vinoly Architects, PC Redix, Ltd. Rene Lagos y Asociados Riggio / Boron, Ltd. RMIT University Rodium Properties Ronald Lu & Partners RSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Pte) Ltd RVES Holding BV S.K.S. Associates Sematic Italia, SpA Siemens Industry Sinosteel Ever Glory Co., Ltd. SmithGroup St. Francis Square Development Corp. Stanley D. Lindsey & Associates, Ltd. Stauch Vorster Architects Stephan Reinke Architects, Ltd. Steven Holl Architects Studio Altieri S.p.A. Takenaka Corporation Taylor Thomson Whitting Pty., Ltd. TFP Farrells, Ltd. Thermafiber, Inc. Transsolar The Trump Organization University of Nottingham UralNIIProject RAACS USG Corporation Vanguard Realty Pvt., Ltd. Vipac Engineers & Scientists, Ltd. VOA Associates, Inc. Walsh Construction Company Werner Sobek Stuttgart GmbH & Co., KG Windtech Consultants Pty., Ltd. WOHA Architects Pte., Ltd. Wong & Ouyang (HK), Ltd. Wordsearch World Academy of Science for Complex Safety WSP Cantor Seinuk WSP Flack + Kurtz, Inc. WTM Engineers GmbH Y. A. Yashar Architects Supporting Contributors are those who contribute $0,000; Patrons: $6,000; Donors: $3,000; Contributors: $,500; Participants: $750.

16 About the Council The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, is an international not-for-profit organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development and construction professionals. Founded in 969, the Council s mission is to disseminate multi-disciplinary information on tall buildings and sustainable urban environments, to maximize the international interaction of professionals involved in creating the built environment, and to make the latest knowledge available to professionals in a useful form. The CTBUH disseminates its findings, and facilitates business exchange, through: the publication of books, monographs, proceedings and reports; the organization of world congresses, international, regional and specialty conferences and workshops; the maintaining of an extensive website and tall building databases of built, under construction and proposed buildings; the distribution of a monthly international tall building e-newsletter; the maintaining of an international resource center; the bestowing of annual awards for design and construction excellence and individual lifetime achievement; the management of special task forces/working groups; the hosting of technical forums; and the publication of the CTBUH Journal, a professional journal containing refereed papers written by researchers, scholars and practicing professionals. The Council is the arbiter of the criteria upon which tall building height is measured, and thus the title of "The World s Tallest Building" determined. CTBUH is the world s leading body dedicated to the field of tall buildings and urban habitat and the recognized international source for information in these fields. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat S.R. Crown Hall Illinois Institute of Technology 3360 South State Street Chicago, IL 6066 Phone: + (3) Fax: + (3) info@ctbuh.org ISSN: