1401-02 Sacrifice of Isaac 1420-1436 Dome of Florence Cathedral 1436 Alberti publishes Della Pintura 1455 Gutenberg prints the bible 1480-81 Santa Maria presso San Satiro 1492 Columbus reaches the West Indies 1503-1513 Pope Julius II papacy 1517 Luther protests indulgences 1519 Death of Leonardo da Vinci 1566-71 Villa Rotunda 23/09/2018 Renaissance Architecture Or, The Conquest of Spatial Reality Key Notions -Cupola -Martyrium -Pietra serena -Trecento -Quattrocento -Cinquecento -Seicento Timeline 1
Italy, 1503 Source: 5 & 10 Filippo Brunelleschi Florence, 1377-1446 his father is a notary accepted in the Silk Guild in 1401 as a goldsmith he was also a clock-maker, a painter, an architect, a builder and an engineer first to experiment on linear perspective bridge between Gothic and Renaissance periods works: Duomo, Foundling Hopital, and Pazzi Chapel Santa Maria and Baptistry Source: 14 Early High Late 2
Brunelleschi (left) and Ghiberti (right), Sacrifice of Isaac 1401, Bronze relief, 53 x 43 cm, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence Source: 5 Early High Late Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral Domes 256 m Georgia Dome 43,2 m Pantheon 42 m Duomo 31 m Hagia Sophia 30,7 m Caracalla Bath 14,5 m Tholos, Mycenae 10,9 m Pazzi Chapel 6,5 m Villa Rotunda Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral, Dome 1420-1436 Dome construction video Source: 4 & 1 Early High Late 3
Foundling Hospital Florence, 1419-1445 Pietra serena Foundling Hospital Inner court and portico Source: 6 & 7 Early High Late Pazzi Chapel Florence, 1430-1461 Source: 4 Early High Late 4
Pazzi Chapel: facade Source: 4 & 11 Early High Late Pazzi Chapel: interior and plan Pazzi Chapel: inside and porch dome Cupolas Chapel video 5
Santo Spirito Church Florence, 1434-1482 Santo Spirito Church, Dome Santo Church video Source: 12 Early High Late Leone Battista Alberti 1404, Genoa-1472, Rome one of the first Renaissance men a complete humanist: a painter, musician, architect, scholar, scientist, and athlete Beauty is harmony. Della Pittura, 1436 Ten Books on Architecture, 1452 works: Santa Maria Novella and Sant Andrea 6
Santa Maria Novella Florence, 1456-1470 Santa Maria Novella: module Sant Andrea, Mantua, 1470 Source: 5 &10 Early High Late 7
Sant Andrea: facade and plan Sant Andrea: interior Source: 8 Early High Late Donato Bramante 1444, Fermignano - 1514, Rome one of the most important architects of the Renaissance he is illiterate leaves Milan in 1500 because of wars works: Tempietto and St. Peter s 8
Santa Maria presso San Satiro Milan, 1480-81: interior and plan Photo by Abschied Source: 13 & 10 Early High Late Santa Maria presso San Satiro Milan, 1480-81: interior and truth Photo by Abschied Video of choir Source: 13 & 10 Early High Late The Tempietto Rome, 1502-1510 Martyrium Tempietto video Source: 5 Early High Late 9
Andrea Palladio 1508-1580, Padua with Bramante, one of the most influential architects of the Renaissance between 1545-47,visits Rome a member of the master masons of Vicenza Four Books on Architecture, 1570 works: Villa Rotunda and San Giorgio Maggiore Source: 9 Early High Late Villa Rotunda Vicenza, 1566-71 (see plate 232) San Giorgio Maggiore Venice, 1566-1610 (see plate 290) 10
San Giorgio Maggiore: facade Review Brunelleschi guided by humanist principles 1) turned his back on Gothic ideals believing that classical proportions gave buildings their beauty, and 2) made sure that his constructions could be easily read by anyone Following Brunelleschi s Renaissance vision, Alberti, Bramante, and Palladio ensured that architectural Classicism dominated the ecclesiastical and secular horizons of their times Conclusion Brunelleschi set the Renaissance in motion by renouncing Gothic ideals in favor of Classical clarity and harmony The impact of his art inspired Julius II to restore Rome s splendor by engaging in an aggressive artistic campaign, in which the artistic geniuses of the Renaissance worked for the Glory of the Church 11