Computers in Building: Proceedings of the CAADfutures'99 Conference

Computers in Building: Proceedings of the CAADfutures'99 Conference

Computers in Building: Proceedings of the CAADfutures'99 Conference Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures held at Georgia Institute oftechnology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA on June 7-8, 1999 edited by Godfried Augenbroe Charles Eastman College of Architecture Georgia Tech ~. " SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Library ofcongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures (8th : 1999: Atlanta, Ga.) Computers in building : proceedings of the CAADFutures'99 Conference : proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures held at Georgia Institute oftechnology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA on June 7-8, 1999/ edited by Godfried Augenbroe, Charles Eastman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 978-1-4613-7294-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-5047-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5047-1 1. Architectural design-data processing Congresses. 2. Computer -aided design Congresses. 1. Augenbroe, Godfried, 1940- II. Eastman, Charles M. III. Title. NA2728.159 1999 720'.285--dc21 99-24634 CIP Copyright @ 1999 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999 AII rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science + Business Media, LLC Printed on acid-free paper.

CONTENTS List or Reviewers Preface ix xi CAD interfaces to the ARROW manufactured product server 1 Robert Amor, Leonard Newnham Building Research Establishment, Watford, UK The future of CAAD: from computer-aided design to 13 computer-aided collaboration Yehuda E. Kalay University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Exploiting the Internet to improve collaboration between 31 users and design team: The case of the new computer laboratory building at Cambridge University Paul Richens, Michael Trinder The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies University of Cambridge, UK Urban texture analysis with image processing techniques 49 Carlo Ratti, Paul Richens The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies University of Cambridge, UK A Web-centric CAD system for collaborative design 65 Raymond McCall University of Colorado, Denver, USA Immersive redlining and annotation of 3-D design models 81 on the Web Thomas lung, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D. Gross Sundance Lab for Computing in Design & Planning University of Colorado, Boulder, USA C.R.A./', Nancy, France

vi How do distributed design organizations act together 99 to create a meaningful design? Towards a process model for design coordination Jeffrey Huang Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, USA A performance-inspired building representation 117 for computational design Georg Suter, Ardeshir Mahdavi, Ramesh Kirshnamurti Carnegie Mellon University, School of Architecture, Pittsburgh, USA About objects and approaches: a conceptual view 133 on building models Ann Hendricx, Herman Neuckermans KU Leuven, Department of Architecture, Leuven, Belgium The BAS-CAAD information system for 149 design - principles, implementation, and a design scenario Anders Ekholm, Sverker Fridqvist Lund University, Computer Aided Architectural Design, Lund, Sweden Information sharing in building design 165 James Snyder, Ulrich Flemming Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Loboratories, Camden, New Jersey, USA Carnegie Mellon University, School of Architecture and Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Pittsburgh, USA Aspects of S2 185 Ardeshir Mahdavi, Mustafa Emre!lal, Paul Mathew, Robert Ries, Georg Suter Carnegie Mellon University, School of Architecture, Pittsburgh, USA Interactive 2D constraint-based geometric 197 construction system Benachir Medjdoub The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies University of Cambridge, UK Collaborative design with NetDraw 213 Dongqiu Qian, Mark D. Gross Sundance Lab for Computing in Design & Planning University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

CONTENTS Vll The computer's role in sketch design: A transparent sketching 227 medium Michael Trinder The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies University of Cambridge, UK Making designs come alive: Using physically based modeling 245 techniques in space layout planning Scott A. Arvin, Donald H. House Texas A & M University, Department of Architecture, Visualization Lab, College Station, Texas, USA An interpolation/extrapolation process for 263 creative designing John S. Gero, Vladimir Kazakov University of Sydney, Department of Architectural and Design Science, Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, Sydney, Australia Feature-based high level design tools: A classification 275 Henri H. Achten, Jos P. van Leeuwen Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Tt-Resolution in design space exploration 291 Andrew Burrow, Rob Woodbury The University of Adelaide, Department of Computer Science School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design Adelaide, Australia Feature-based qualitative modeling of objects 309 John S. Gero, Jose C. Damski University of Sydney, Department of Architectural and Design Science, Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, Sydney, Australia The front of the stage of Vitruvius' Roman theatre: 321 A new approach of computer aided design that transforms geometric operators to semantic operators Giovanni De Paoli, Marius Bogdan University of Montreal, Faculty of Environmental Design Montreal, Canada Experiments on animated visual forms 335 Kostas Terzidis UCLA, Arts and Architecture, Los Angeles, USA Environmental life cycle assessment in an integrated 351 CAD environment: The epilogue approach R. Ries, A. Mahdavi Carnegie Mellon University, School of Architecture, Pittsburgh, USA

viii Downstream of design: Web-based facility operations documents Mark J. Clayton, Robert E. Johnson, Yunsik Song Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA The Piranesi system for interactive rendering Paul Richens The Martin Centre for Architectural and Urban Studies University of Cambridge, UK 365 381

List of Reviewers Robert Amor, BRE, England Osman Ataman, University of Utah, USA Olubi Babalolo, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Can Baykan, Middle East Technical University, Turkey Mark Clayton, Texas A & M University, USA Thanos Economou, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Anders Ekholm, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden John Gero, University of Sydney, Australia Mark Gross, University of Colorado, USA Theodore W. Hall, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China Jeffrey Huang, Harvard University, USA Bob Johnson, Texas A & M University, USA Yehuda Kalay, University of California, Berkeley, USA Uk Kim, Hongik University, Korea Jos van Leeuwen, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Ardeshir Mahdavi, Carnegie- Mellon University, USA Ali Malkawi, University of Michigan, USA Tom Maver, University of Strathclyde, Scotland Rivka Oxman, Technion, Israel Paul Richens, University of Cambridge, England Rudi Stouffs, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland Bauke de Vries, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Robert Woodbury, University of Adelaide, Australia IX

Preface Computers in Building This is the eight CAADfutures Conference. Each of these bi-annual conferences identifies the state of the art in computer application in architecture. Together, the series provides a good record of the evolving state of research in this area over the last fourteen years. Early conferences, for example, addressed project work, either for real construction or done in academic studios, that approached the teaching or use of CAD tools in innovative ways. By the early 1990s, such project-based examples of CAD use disappeared from the conferences, as this area was no longer considered a research contribution. Computer-based design has become a basic way of doing business. This conference is marked by a similar evolutionary change. More papers were submitted about Web-based applications than about any other area. Rather than having multiple sessions on Web-based applications and communications, we instead came to the conclusion that the Web now is an integral part of digital computing, as are CAD applications. Using the conference as a sample, Web-based projects have been integrated into most research areas. This does not mean that the application of the Web is not a research area, but rather that the Web itself is an integral tool in almost all areas of CAAD research. This year the submissions identify multiple other themes: First, building models continue to be a major area of research, continuing the long-term effort to develop integrated application environments. Building model research has long emphasised the development of a single common data model around which all applications may be operated. The building model may be integral with the application, or alternatively, it may be a representation whose major role is the exchange of data between different applications, as per ISO-STEP and IAI. A second long term research area is design theory. Earlier conferences have emphasised such issues as semantic languages, shape grammars, constraint-based systems, and search mechanisms. This conference has similar emphases, though including new approaches. In particular, feature-based design systems is receiving increased attention, and also logic-based, subsumption relations, as a means to classify design information. A third long-lasting CAAD research area is performance-based design. Here, the goals are to support design informed by various functional and performance issues. The work this year emphasises a building model approach, integrating all applications around a shared building representation. xi

xii A fourth area of long-lasting research is in the development of new applications. However, the assumptions upon which applications are developed have changed. At the beginning of CAAD research, all applications were standalone and were developed pretty much from scratch. Today, some applications are developed this way, but a growing number are built on top of an existing CAD platform. The tool base of existing application platforms, provided by such companies as Autodesk and Bentley, provide a base for advanced work that is almost impossible to replicate, even if one does not agree with the structure and approach these platforms may have taken. Another area of continued work is sketching tools. Sketching tools have from their beginning been motivated by the desire for simple, natural tools that work as easy as a pencil on a napkin, allowing a designer to record and explore ideas, but augmented by a computer. There have not been many convincing examples of what that augmentation should be. The papers this year include Web-based sketching and constrained sketching systems. A new area of increasing research attention is collaboration, especially Webbased collaboration. Collaboration most commonly means collaboration among a design team. Less often it means collaboration between designer and client. However, this year, it also means collaboration between architect and builder or between builder and facility manager. A somewhat surprising new area of research in this CAADfutures Conference is the development of graphical and presentation methods and algorithms. The papers by Richens and Terzides provide clear examples that there is still room to develop new graphical tools that provide valuable new presentation capabilities. This area has not seen much work in recent years, and many thought this was a fully mature research area, in which all the important capabilities had been addressed. The conference received 105 abstracts, from which 55 abstracts were selected for complete paper submission. From the submissions, twenty-five papers were finally selected. These papers represent the best in the field. We hope you enjoy, and in some cases learn from the work presented here.