Structural Design as Design Attitude Toni Kotnik Professor of Design of Structures 1
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Typical Structural Solution 3
Typical Structural Solution 4
Typical Structural Solution 5
Every physical being, living and non-living, has to support its materiality against the various forces that are imposed upon it by its environment, such as gravity, wind or atmospheric pressure. Philosophically speaking, the materiality of physical beings can be thought of as embodiment of two intrinsic coincident principles: primary matter itself and its form, its gestalt in space. Both principles are intricately interwoven, and in the physical world one cannot occur without the other: no material is without form and no form exists without materialisation. Kotnik, T. & Weinstock, M.: Material, Form and Force AD Architectural Design, Vol. 82, No.2, 104-111 6
self-weight snow people furniture wind earthquake 7
self-weight snow people furniture wind earthquake 8
Lateral Stability 9
Lateral Stability 10
Lateral Stability 11
Typical Structural Solution 12
Typical Structural Solution 13
Typical Structural Solution 14
Five Points Towards A New Architecture Le Corbusier, 1924 The supports The roof gardens The free design of the ground-plan The horizontal window Free design of the façade Le Corbusier: Dom-Ino House, prototype, 1914 15
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Le Corbusier: Villa Savoye, Poissy, France, 1931 16
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Le Corbusier: Villa Savoye, Poissy, France, 1931 17
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Christian Kerez: House with one wall, Zurich, Switzerland, 2007 18
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Christian Kerez: House with one wall, Zurich, Switzerland, 2007 19
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Shigeru Ban: Paper House, Lake Yamanaka, Yamanashi, Japan, 1995 20
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Shigeru Ban: Paper House, Lake Yamanaka, Yamanashi, Japan, 1995 21
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Toyo Ito: Mediatheque, Sendai, Japan, 2001 22
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Toyo Ito: Mediatheque, Sendai, Japan, 2001 23
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability 24
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Michael de Haas: Aluminum Center of Netherlands, Houten, Netherlands, 2001 25
Thinking in First Principles Lateral Stability Michael de Haas: Aluminum Center of Netherlands, Houten, Netherlands, 2001 26
structure = architecture structural design is a design attitude based on the tectonic modulation of the inner force flow according to the underlying architectural conception! 27
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Typical Structural Solution architectural limitation + + what we get spatial flexibility what we want - + structure = architecture structural design is a design attitude based on the tectonic modulation of the inner force flow according to the underlying architectural conception! 29
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beams Lina Bo Bardi: Museum of Arts, São Paulo, Brazil, 1968 30
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beams Lina Bo Bardi: Museum of Arts, São Paulo, Brazil, 1968 31
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beams Lina Bo Bardi: Museum of Arts, São Paulo, Brazil, 1968 32
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beams Kallmann, McKinnell & Knowles: City Hall, Boston, USA, 1968 33
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beams Kallmann, McKinnell & Knowles: City Hall, Boston, USA, 1968 34
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beams Kallmann, McKinnell & Knowles: City Hall, Boston, USA, 1968 35
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility Vierendeel Livio Vacchini: La Ferriera Office, Locarno, Switzerland, 2002 36
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility Vierendeel Livio Vacchini: La Ferriera Office, Locarno, Switzerland, 2002 37
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility Vierendeel Livio Vacchini: La Ferriera Office, Locarno, Switzerland, 2002 38
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beam into truss Shigeru Ban: Picture Window House, Shizuoka, Japan, 2002 39
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beam into truss Shigeru Ban: Picture Window House, Shizuoka, Japan, 2002 40
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility large beam into truss Shigeru Ban: Picture Window House, Shizuoka, Japan, 2002 41
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility truss Christian Kerez: Leutschenbach School, Zurich, 2009 42
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility truss Christian Kerez: Leutschenbach School, Zurich, 2009 43
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility truss Christian Kerez: Leutschenbach School, Zurich, 2009 44
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility truss Christian Kerez: Leutschenbach School, Zurich, 2009 45
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 46
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 47
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 48
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 49
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 50
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 51
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 52
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 53
Strategies for Spatial Flexibility 3d wall system Christian Kerez: House Forsterstrasse, Zurich, 2003 54
wide range of structural solutions structure = architecture structural design is a design attitude based on the tectonic modulation of the inner force flow according to the underlying architectural conception! 55