ARCH 242: BUILDING HISTORY II History of the profession: Renaissance & baroque Architecture 01
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL STYLE? - Does it refer to the visual composition of a building? - Does it refer to specific periods in history i.e. Renaissance, Baroque, Modern Styles? - Does it move beyond categorization? - Does it refer to architectural principles? - Is it specific to an architect? 02
AGENDA FOR TODAY... LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI - The Allegorical Architect - Alberti s Treatises & Themes - Holy Sepulchre, Florence - San Sebastiano, Mantua - Palazzo Rucellai, Florence - Santa Maria Novella, Florence - Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini - Sant Andrea, Mantua 03
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 - Born in Genoa, Italy - Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy 04
LOCATIONS IN ITALY Mantua Genoa Rimini Florence Map of Italy 05
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 - Born in Genoa, Italy - Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy - Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc. 06
RENAISSANCE HUMANISM A scholarly movement that began in the 14th century - A rejection of scholarly education from the Middle Ages - Upheld empirical observation and experience - Humanist ideas stemmed from ancient manuscripts - Renaissance Man Vitruvian Man by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1485-1490 07
DELLA PITTURA ON PAINTING A modern treatise on painting - Alberti wrote three treatises * De Statua On Sculpture * De re Aedificatoria On Building * Della Pittura On Painting - On Painting completed in 1435 - Paved the way for art in the Renaissance - Documents Brunelleschi s theories of perspective The Trinity by Masaccio, circa 1427 08
PERSPECTIVE Albrecht Dürer s Man Drawing a Reclining Woman, 16th century 09
ARCHITECTURAL NOTATION Alberti s system of human proportion & his perspective grid 10
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 - Born in Genoa, Italy - Projects in Florence, Mantua, & Rimini, Italy - Worked as a writer, painter, sculptor, poet, philosopher, scientist, architect, etc. - The allegorical architect 11
ALBERTI IN ROME Engraving by Aegidius Sadeler II, Palatine Hill in Rome, 1606 12
DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING Vitruvius - The Ten Books on Architecture - Architecture is an imitation of nature - Vitruvian Virtues 1- Firmitas 2- Utilitas 3- Venustas 13
DE RE AEDIFICATORIA ON BUILDING Alberti s treatise on Architecture - From 1440-1452 - Modeled after Vitruvius The Ten Books on Architecture - First architectural treatise of the Renaissance - Cataloged the features and proportions of the orders of antiquity - Established a theory of harmonious proportions 14
ALBERTI S THEMATICS During the Renaissance, the formation of Architecture as a discipline takes place - Architecture evolved from here into what it is today - Renaissance ideas are challenged today, but they are necessary in evolving the discipline - What are Alberti s thematics? - How does Alberti deploy these thematics? 15
IDENTICALITY During the Renaissance, there was a push for identicality - The middle ages were the artisan s time - Printing press invented by German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 - Alberti s scaled drawings upheld the idea of identicality - Alberti believed that construction should be left to the builder and Architecture left to the thinking man 16
HOLY SEPULCHRE Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed 17
RUCELLAI FAMILY Giovanni Rucellai 1403-1481 - A Florentine wool-dyer turned banker - Interested in humanism - A great patron of the arts, who made many contributions to the city of Florence 18
HOLY SEPULCHRE Jerusalem, original church 2nd century Florence, 1467 completed 19
SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460 20
SAN SEBASTIANO, 1460 21
MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY 02 01 San Sebastiano 02 Sant Andrea 01 22
THE IDEAL CITY Perugino s Christ Giving the Keys to Peter, 1480, Sistine Chapel Rome 23
THE IDEAL CITY Raphael s Marriage of the Virgin, 1504 Anonymous, 1504 24
FLORENCE, ITALY 01 Palazzo Rucellai 02 02 Santa Maria Novella 01 25
PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 26
PALAZZO MEDICI, 1444, MICHELOZZO DI BARTOLOMEO 27
FACADE TYPOLOGIES IN FLORENCE Palazzo Pitti, 1457 on Palazzo Strozzi, 1489-1490 28
PALAZZO MEDICI & PALAZZO RUCELLAI Palazzo Medici, 1444 Palazzo Rucellai, 1455 on 29
PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 30
PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 31
PALAZZO RUCELLAI, 1455 ON 32
SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455 33
SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455 Old St Peters in Rome, Basilican Cross-Section 34
SANTA MARIA NOVELLA, FACADE 1455 35
TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 36
RIMINI, ITALY 01 Tempio Malatestiano 01 37
TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 38
TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 39
TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 Basilica of Maxentius, 307-312, Rome 40
TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 Arch of Augustus, 27 BC, Rimini 41
TEMPIO MALATESTIANO (SAN FRANCESCO), 1450 42
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 43
MANTUA (MANTOVA), ITALY 02 01 San Sebastiano 02 Sant Andrea 01 44
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 45
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome 46
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 47
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 48
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 49
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 50
SANT ANDREA, 1470 ON 51
FACADES OF SANT ANDREA & PALAZZO RUCELLAI 52
LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Leon Battista Alberti, 1404-1472 Questions? 53