4th OECD World Forum on Statistics, Knowledge and Policy Measuring Well-Being for Development and Policy-Making Material Conditions - Improved Housing and Urban Infrastructure Measuring the Quality of Transport Infrastructure and Housing Conditions in Hong Kong Mr. Leslie Tang Deputy Commissioner for Census and Statistics Hong Kong, China 16 October 2012 Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong, China
Urban Infrastructure - Transport Overview External: Hong Kong resident departures outside Hong Kong by mode of transport Average number of departures per capita per annum Domestic: Private car ownership rate: 61 per 1 000 population in 2011 Public transport passenger journeys by operator Average number of passenger journeys per capita per annum* Source: Immigration Department and Transport Department of Hong Kong * Note: Including those made by both Hong Kong residents and visitors. 1
Urban Infrastructure - Transport Dimension Potential indicators Situation in Hong Kong Efficiency Average journey time to/from work/study Average frequency Reliability Distance travelled per failure incident Affordability Median monthly travelling expenses to/from work to median monthly employment earnings Safety Number of traffic accidents and causalities per 1 000 population Accessibility Accessible to different types of persons 2 38 minutes in 1992 39 minutes in 2002 (Source: Travel Characteristics Survey conducted by Transport Department of Hong Kong once about every 10 years ) Peak hour: 2-12 mins (railways) Distance travelled per failure incident (defined as trains delayed by at least 5 mins in this case) increased significantly from 1.2 million km per incident in 2003 to 1.8 million km per incident in 2011 4% in both 2010 and 2011 (Source: General Household Survey, such data were collected in recent years only) About 2 accidents and 3 casualties (0.02 fatal and 2.78 non-fatal) per 1 000 persons in 2011 [i.e. at similar level to other major cities such as London and Tokyo] Target: 70% of population within 1 km of a railway station Easy access for disabled persons Comfortableness Proportion of air-conditioned bus Full air-conditioned bus service
Urban Infrastructure - Transport Affordability by Quintile Income Group Quintile income group Median monthly travelling expenses to/from work Median monthly travelling expenses (US$ ) 2010 2011 Percentage to median Median monthly monthly employment travelling earnings (%) expenses (US$ ) Percentage to median monthly employment earnings (%) 1 st (lowest) 38 5 41 5 2 nd 51 5 56 5 3 rd 54 4 62 4 4 th 56 3 62 3 5 th (highest) 56 1 56 1 Overall 51 4 56 4 Source: General Household Survey, Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong 3
Housing Dimension Potential indicators Situation in Hong Kong in 2001 Quality of housing - Safe shelter; personal space and sense of privacy Affordability - Financial burden Home Ownership Sense of belonging & financial security Proportion of population living in permanent housing Average number of domestic households per unit of quarters Average number of rooms per household/per person [include living/dining rooms, bedrooms and other rooms, but not kitchens and toilets] Average number of bedrooms per household/per person Living space per person 4 98.9% 1.02 3.2 per household and 1.0 per person 1.9 per household and 0.6 per person Situation in Hong Kong in 2011 99.3% 1.00 3.3 per household and 1.1 per person 2.0 per household and 0.7 per person e.g. for public rental housing 10.7 sq. m. 12.8 sq.m. Median rent to income ratio 13.9% 13.9% % of owner-occupiers to total households % of owner-occupiers without mortgage or loan 51% 49% 52% 60%
Housing Affordability by Quintile Income Group (%) Median rent to household income ratio (2011) Overall = 13.9% Low / high income households spend more on housing costs Quintile income group Source: 2011 Population Census, Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong 5
Challenges in Measuring Well-being How to quantify the subjective feeling of well-being? Different preferences and thus different levels of well-being even under the same situation? International comparison? Different indicators and benchmark for economies in different stage of development? Is it meaningful to develop a composite indicator? How to take into account the trade-off between different factors? 6