The Past, Present and Future Land-forming in Hong Kong 27 April 2013 Thematic Series Engineering Advancement in Hong Kong Land-forming (HKIE and HKIP) Planning Department
Population: 7.07 million (2011) Area: 1,108 sq.km Avg. population density: around 6,500/sq.km Population Density in developed area: around 26,800/sq. km 2
A Compact Vibrant City 3
Scenic Tranquil Countryside 4
Population Distribution in Hong Kong Sheungshui/Fanling Metro Area about 60% New Territories about 40% Tin Shui Wai Yuen Long Tai Po Tuen Mun New Territories 沙田 Shatin Tsuen Wan Kowloon Tseung Kwan O Tung Chung Lantau Island HK Island Metro Area New Towns 5
Our Developed Land Built-up Area Total built-up area: about 264km 2 (23.8% of total area) 6
Land Utilization in Hong Kong Total Built-Up Area 23.8% Others 4.7% 66.7% Woodland / Shrubland / Grassland / Wetland 0.7% Barren Land 2.7% Water Bodies 6.1% Agricultural Land and Fish Ponds/ Gei Wais Source: Land Utilization in Hong Kong (Planning Department, 2011) Transportation 5.1% G/IC 4.5% Residential 6.9% Industrial 2.3% Commercial 0.4% 7
Housing Community Uses Infrastructure Adequate and Steady Land Supply Industrial Office Commercial Where to find Land for Different Uses? 8
Challenge: Hilly Terrain
Land forming in the Past Main Urban Areas: Reclamations in Victoria Harbour (with leveling hills) 10
Central and Sheung Wan 1981 1996 2010 11
West Kowloon Reclamation Land for a Cultural District The Past Reclamation in the Metro Area 12
New Territories: New Town Development Fanling/ Sheung Shui Tin Shui Wai Tuen Mun Tung Chung Yuen Long Tsuen Wan/ Kwai Ching Tai Po Ma On Shan Shatin Tseung Kwan O 13
Our New Town Development To provide housing land High Density Residential Uses Medium Density Residential and hotel uses Homes to over 3 million people in 9 new towns Low Density Private Housing 14
New Territories: New Town Development Economic land uses providing job opportunities Fo Tan Industrial Area Shek Mun Commercial Area Tai Po Industrial Area 15
Outcome of a Spontaneous Process? Built-up Area
ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN LAND FORMING 17
Strategic Planning of Hong Kong 1948 Preliminary Planning Report 1970 Colony Outline Plan 1979 Hong Kong Outline Plan 1984 Territorial Development Strategy 1996 Territorial Development Strategy Review 2007 Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy 18
Abercrombie Plan (1948) Lack of land for development Population influx Developing Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung Cross-harbour Tunnel Reclamations in Kowloon and HK Island 19
Colony Outline Plan (1970) Location of first generation of new towns proposed (Shatin, Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun) Main Urban Areas with proposed reclamations New Town Development Main Urban Areas 20
Tsuen Wan in the 70s Shatin in the 70s 21
Hong Kong Outline Plan (1979) Ten-Year Housing Programme in 1972 Gave impetus to the accelerated new town developments 22
Territorial Development Strategy (1984) Main Urban Areas: reclamations proposed at West Kowloon, Hung Hom and Central 23
Port and Airport Development Strategy (1989) 資料來源 :Port & Airport Development Strategy Final Report, 1989 24
Territorial Development Strategy Review (1998) Strategic Growth Areas In New Territories, e.g. NWNT and NENT 25
CHANGED CIRCUMSTANCES 26
Slower Population Growth Population (million) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2012 : 7.15M 2041 : 8.47M 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2041 Source:C&SD 27
Sustainable Development for the 21st Century (SUSDEV 21) (2000) Study commissioned in 1997 Definition Sustainable Development in HK balances social, economic, environmental and resource needs, both for present and future generations, simultaneously achieving a vibrant economy, social progress and a high quality environment, locally, nationally and internationally, through the efforts of the community and the Government Guiding Principles Indicators for Sustainable Development CASET 28
Protection of Harbour Bill of Protection of Harbour Ordinance was passed on 30 July 1997 Court of Final Appeal Compelling and Overriding public needs 29
Previous Proposals Protection of Harbour Tsuen Wan Tsim Sha Tsui SE Kowloon HK Island West Central and Wan Chai 30
Protection of Harbour Reclamation proposals today 31
HK 2030: Recommended Strategy (2007) Vision Asia s world city Three Broad Directions Enhance economic competitiveness Provide a quality living environment Strengthen links with the Mainland Specific Themes and Measures Spatial Development Pattern 32
HK 2030: Concepts for Spatial Pattern Do more with less Bao an Nanshan Futian Luohu Explore opportunities in the Metro Area and existing new towns Shekou Rail-based pattern Optimise opportunities along three axes Balanced development Preserve as much countryside as possible Connect on all fronts Further develop regional transport networks 33
Quality Living Environment Building Design Conserve natural environment Area Improvement Quality Living Environment Review development density Greening and Open space Preserve culture and heritage Air Ventilation 34
LAND SUPPLY APPROACH NOWADAYS 35
Overall Strategy To develop land resource in a holistic manner and build up a land reserve to meet housing, social and economic land requirements 36
Land Supply Approach Six Pronged Approach to meet development needs Rezoning Land Land Resumption Redevelopment Reuse of Ex-quarry Sites Rock Cavern Development Reclamation 37
Land Reserve in three forms Short-term needs in 3/ 4 years Land is formed first. Medium-term needs in 6/ 7 years Potential sites are identified with the necessary studies and design work completed Potential sites that fulfill the site selection criteria are reserved Long-term needs in 9/ 10 years 38
Rezoning land Industrial Land Use Review Release 60 ha. Industrial land for non-industrial use (30 ha. recommended for residential use) in the previous round of review by Planning Department 39
Rezoning land Review of GIC Sites Review completed. Recommend 36 G/IC sites (about 27 ha.) for residential use 40
Rezoning land Review of Green Belt Sites 1 st Stage Review Recommend to rezone 13 GB Sites (about 57 ha.) Mainly at NT 41
Re-use of ex-quarry Sites Anderson Road Quarry Former Cha Kwo Ling Kaolin Mine Lamma Quarry
Redevelopment Kwun Tong Town Centre Urban Renewal Project (about 5 ha.) More Open space Residential, hotel, office, retail and GIC uses
Redevelopment Transformation of Industrial Area Energizing Kowloon East 44
From Industrial Area to Business District 45
Conceptual Master Plan Connectivity Shift from Development Planning Approach to Place-making Approach Branding Design Diversity 46 46
Place-making 47
Place-making Fly the Flyover 48
Better use of Existing Built Up Area Tseung Kwan O South will be developed into a diversified community including public rental housing, HOS, private housing and commercial development Estimated population of about 37,000 and flats of about 14,000 nos. 49
Better use of Existing Built Up Area Better use of Existing Built Up Area Shatin 50
Area: 13 ha., Provision: about 11,000 flats, estimated population of about 30,000 Shui Chuen O, Sha Tin 51
287 ha Continue to develop existing New Town Target population:220,000 (existing population:81,100 Formulating development options Stage 1 Public Engagement Completed Tung Chung Extension
New Development Areas in NT 3-in-1 New Development Areas: Opinions collected in Stage 3 Public Consultation are being considered Ping Che/ Ta Kwu Ling Kwu Tung North Fanling North Opportunities: New Infrastructure, Boundary Control Point Near Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town, NENT Utilization of Brownfield
Hung Shui Kiu New Development Area
Northern New Territories to study the feasibility of taking forward further development of the New Territories North, with a view to developing a modern new town there on a similar scale of the Fanling or Sheung Shui New Towns (2013 Policy Address) Liantang/ Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Mai Po San Tin Proposed Kwu Tung Station Man Kam To Heung Yuen Wai Fairview Park Opportunities: New Infrastructure, Boundary Control Point Near Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town, NENT Utilization of Brownfield East Rail Line Fanling/Sheung Shui New Town
Reclamation outside Victoria Harbour 1 5 3 4 2 Feasibility studies of Artificial Islands in Central Waters Near Shore Reclamation Sites 1 Lung Kwu Tan 2 Siu Ho Wan 3 Sunny Bay 4 Tsing Yi Southwest 5 Ma Liu Shui 56
Near Shore Reclamation Ma Liu Shui Lung Kwu Tan Siu Ho Wan Sunny Bay Tsing Yi Southwest 57
Rock Cavern Development Relocation of Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works feasibility study in progress 3 2 1 3 Schemes of Rock Cavern Development (RCD) 1 Diamond Hill Fresh Water & Salt Water Service 2 Sai Kung Sewage Treatment Works 3 Sham Kung Sewage Treatment Works 58
Do more with less Looking Ahead Circumstances change over time, and so do community needs and land demand A multi-pronged land supply approach Land reserve 59
THANK YOU 60