Rental Income. Includes Form T776. T4036(E) Rev. 06

Rental Income Includes Form T776 T4036(E) Rev. 06

Before you start Is this guide for you? This guide is for you if you had rental income from real estate or other property in the current tax year. The information relates mainly to renting real estate, but some of the information will apply to other types of rental property. This guide will help you determine your gross rental income, the expenses you can deduct, and your net rental income or loss for the year. To determine if your income is from property or from a business, read Chapter 1. To find out if you are a partner of a partnership or a co-owner, read Are you a co-owner or a partner of a partnership? on page 6. Glossary We have defined some of the terms used in this guide in a glossary on page 4. You may want to read it before you start. Forms and publications In the middle of this guide, you will find two copies of Form T776, Statement of Real Estate Rentals. Throughout this guide we mention forms, pamphlets, interpretation bulletins, information circulars, and other guides that give more details on specific tax topics. You can get most of our publications on our Web site at www.cra.gc.ca/forms or by calling 1-800-959-2221. Do you need more information? In this guide, we use plain language to explain the most common situations. If you need more help after reading this guide, please visit our Web site at www.cra.gc.ca or call our Individual Enquiries line at 1-800-959-8281. We can also notify you immediately about new information on payroll, electronic filing for businesses, and more. To subscribe, free of charge, visit our Web site at www.cra.gc.ca/lists. Teletypewriter users If you use a teletypewriter (TTY), you can call our toll-free, bilingual enquiry service at 1-800-665-0354. Our Web site To get the most up-to-date information on rental income, we invite you to visit our Web site at www.cra.gc.ca/rental. What s new? Capital cost allowance (CCA) Class 12 Small tools The 2006 federal budget proposes to increase the cost limit from $200 to $500 for small tools acquired after May 1, 2006. Goods and services tax/harmonized sales tax (GST/HST) Effective July 1, 2006, the GST rate was reduced from 7% to 6% and the HST rate from 15% to 14%. Starting in April 2007, if you are the owner of a rental property and a GST/HST registrant, you will receive a monthly statement about your GST/HST account to help you stay up-to-date. These new statements will be sent to you only if there is activity on your GST/HST account. My Business Account Our new online service, provides convenient and secure access to a growing range of personalized business account information and services. In fall 2007, My Business Account will also offer access for authorized third parties and a full range of business account options. Visit www.cra.gc.ca/mybusinessaccount to find out more about this exciting addition to our suite of electronic services for business. If you have a visual impairment, you can get our publications and your personalized correspondence in braille, large print, or etext (CD or diskette), or on audio cassette or MP3. For details, visit our Web site at www.cra.gc.ca/alternate or call 1-800-959-2221. La version française de cette publication est intitulée Revenus de location. www.cra.gc.ca

Table of Contents Page Glossary... 4 Chapter 1 General Information... 5 Do you have rental income or business income?... 5 GST/HST new residential rental property rebate... 5 Keeping records... 6 Chapter 2 Calculating Your Rental Income or Loss... 6 Form T776, Statement of Real Estate Rentals... 6 Identification... 6 For the period from:... 6 Partnership filer identification number... 6 Tax shelter identification number... 6 Details of other co-owners and partners... 7 Income... 7 How to calculate your rental income... 7 Who reports the rental income or loss?... 7 Line 8230 Other related income... 8 Line 8299 Gross rental income... 8 Expenses... 8 Current or capital expenses?... 8 Capital expenses Special situations... 9 Personal portion... 10 Expenses you can deduct... 10 Prepaid expenses... 10 Line 8521 Advertising... 10 Line 8690 Insurance... 10 Line 8710 Interest... 10 Line 8960 Maintenance and repairs... 11 Line 8871 Management and administration fees... 11 Line 9281 Motor vehicle expenses... 11 Line 8810 Office expenses... 11 Line 8860 Legal, accounting, and other professional fees... 11 Line 9180 Property taxes... 12 Line 9060 Salaries, wages, and benefits... 12 Line 9200 Travel... 12 Line 9220 Utilities... 12 Line 9270 Other expenses... 12 Expenses you cannot deduct... 13 Land transfer taxes... 13 Mortgage principal... 13 Penalties... 13 Value of your own labour... 13 Line 9949 Total personal portion of expenses... 13 Deductible expenses... 13 Line 9369 Net income (loss) before adjustments... 13 Co-owners Your share of line 9369... 13 Line 9945 Other expenses of the co-owner... 13 Line 9947 Recaptured capital cost allowance... 13 Line 9948 Terminal loss... 13 Line 9936 Capital cost allowance... 13 Net income (loss)... 13 Partnerships Your share of line d... 13 Page Line 9943 Other expenses of the partner... 13 Line 9946 Your net income (loss)... 14 Rental losses... 14 Renting below fair market value... 14 Chapter 3 Capital Cost Allowance... 14 What is capital cost allowance (CCA)?... 14 How much CCA can you claim?... 14 Limits on CCA... 14 Classes of depreciable properties... 15 Buildings... 15 Leasehold interest in real property that is a rental property... 15 How to complete the CCA charts... 16 Column 1 Class number... 16 Column 2 Undepreciated capital cost (UCC) at the start of the year... 17 Column 3 Cost of additions in the year... 17 Column 4 Proceeds of dispositions in the year... 18 Column 5 UCC after additions and dispositions... 18 Column 6 Adjustment for current-year additions... 18 Column 7 Base amount for capital cost allowance... 19 Column 8 Rate (%)... 19 Column 9 CCA for the year... 19 Column 10 UCC at the end of the year... 19 Special situations... 19 Changing from personal to rental use... 19 Grants, subsidies, and other incentives or inducements... 19 Non-arm s length transactions... 20 Selling your rental property... 20 Disposing of a building... 21 Replacement property... 22 Example of how to calculate CCA... 23 Chapter 4 Principal Residence... 23 What is your principal residence?... 23 Designating a principal residence... 24 Can you designate more than one principal residence?... 24 Disposition of your principal residence... 24 Form T2091(IND), Designation of a Property as a Principal Residence by an Individual (Other Than a Personal Trust) and Form T1255, Designation of a Property as a Principal Residence by the Legal Representative of a Deceased Individual... 24 Change in use... 25 Special situations... 25 References... 27 www.cra.gc.ca 3

Glossary T his glossary explains, in a general way, the technical terms used in this guide. CCA Capital cost allowance FMV Fair market value MURB Multiple-unit residential building UCC Undepreciated capital cost Arm s length transaction This is an expression used to describe a transaction between unrelated parties. Each party acts in his or her own self-interest. Related persons are not considered to deal with each other at arm s length. Related persons include individuals connected by blood relationship, marriage, or common-law partnership, or adoption. Also, a corporation and a shareholder who control the corporation are related. Unrelated parties may not be dealing with each other at arm s length if, for instance, one is under the influence or control of the other, if one is acting in concert with the other, or if they have a common mind. For more information, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-419, Meaning of Arm s Length. Available for use You can claim CCA (see the definition on this page) on a rental property only when it becomes available for use. A rental property, other than a building, usually becomes available for use on the earliest of: the date you first use it to earn income; the second year after the year you acquire the rental property; or the time immediately before you dispose of the property. A rental property that is a building, or part of a building, usually becomes available for use on the earliest of: the date when construction of the building is complete or a fully constructed building is bought, as long as it can be used at once as a rental building; the date that you rent out 90% or more of the building; the second year after the year you acquire the building; or the time immediately before you dispose of the building. For the purpose of determining the available-for-use date, a renovation, alteration, or addition to a particular building is considered a separate building. You may be able to claim CCA on a building that is under construction, renovation, or alteration before it is available for use. You can deduct CCA that you have available on such a building when you have net rental income from that building. The CCA that you can deduct is restricted to the amount of net rental income you have after you deduct any soft costs for constructing, renovating, or altering the building. For an explanation of soft costs, see Costs relating to construction, renovation, or alteration on page 9. Capital cost This is the amount on which you first claim CCA (see the definition on this page). The capital cost of a rental property is usually the total of: the purchase price, not including the cost of land; the part of your legal, accounting, engineering, installation, and other fees that relates to the purchase or construction of the rental property, excluding the part that applies to the land; the cost of any additions or improvements you made to the rental property after you acquired it, provided you have not claimed these costs as current expenses; and for a building, soft costs (such as interest, legal and accounting fees, and property taxes) related to the period you are constructing, renovating, or altering the building, if you have not deducted these expenses as current expenses. For more information on current expenses, see Current or capital expenses? on page 8. For more information on soft costs, see Costs relating to construction, renovation, or alteration on page 9. Legal and accounting fees for buying a rental property are allocated between the cost of the land and the capital cost of the building. If land is acquired for rental purposes or for constructing a rental property, the legal and accounting fees apply to the land. Capital cost allowance (CCA) In the year you buy a depreciable property, such as a building, you cannot deduct the full cost. However, since this type of property wears out or becomes obsolete over time, you can deduct its capital cost over a period of several years. The deduction for this is called capital cost allowance. You usually group depreciable properties into classes. For example, appliances and furniture belong to Class 8. You have to base your CCA claim on a rate assigned to each class of property. For the most common classes of depreciable properties, see Classes of depreciable properties on page 15. Common-law partner This applies to a person who is not your spouse with whom you are living in a conjugal relationship, and to whom at least one of the following situations applies. He or she: a) has been living with you in a conjugal relationship for at least 12 continuous months; b) is the parent of your child by birth or adoption; or c) has custody and control of your child (or had custody and control immediately before the child turned 19 years of age) and your child is wholly dependent on that person for support. In addition, an individual immediately becomes your common-law partner if you previously lived together in a conjugal relationship for at least 12 continuous months and you have resumed living together in such a relationship. Under proposed changes, this condition will no longer exist. The effect of this proposed change is 4 www.cra.gc.ca

that a person (other than a person described in b) or c) above) will be your common-law partner only after your current relationship with that person has lasted at least 12 continuous months. This proposed change will apply to 2001 and later years. Reference to 12 continuous months in this definition includes any period that you were separated for less than 90 days because of a breakdown in the relationship. Depreciable property This is any property on which you can claim CCA. It is usually capital property used to earn income from a business or property. The capital cost can be written off as CCA over a number of years. Fair market value (FMV) Fair market value is generally the highest dollar value that you can get for a property or service in an open and unrestricted market between an informed and willing buyer and an informed and willing seller who are dealing at arm s length with each other. Non-arm s length transaction This is a transaction between persons who were not dealing with each other at arm s length at the time of the transaction. Proceeds of disposition This is usually the amount you received or will receive for your property. In most cases, it refers to the sale price of the property. This could also include compensation you received for property that has been destroyed, expropriated, or stolen. For more information about proceeds of disposition, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-220, Capital Cost Allowance Proceeds of Disposition of Depreciable Property, and its Special Release, and Interpretation Bulletin IT-285, Capital Cost Allowance General Comments. Rental property Generally this refers to a building or certain leasehold interests owned by a taxpayer (or taxpayers) or a partnership and principally used to generate gross revenue from rent. Spouse For tax purposes, you have a spouse when you are legally married. Undepreciated capital cost (UCC) Generally, UCC is equal to the total capital cost of all the properties of the class minus the capital cost allowance you claimed in previous years. If you sell depreciable property in a year, you also have to subtract from the UCC one of the following two amounts, whichever is less: the proceeds of disposition of the property minus the related outlays and expenses; or the capital cost of the property. Chapter 1 General Information T his chapter explains the general information you need to know before you complete Form T776, Statement of Real Estate Rentals. Rental income is income you earn from renting property that you own or have use of. You can own the property by yourself or with someone else. Rental income includes income from renting: houses apartments rooms space in an office building other real or movable property Rental income can be either income from property or business. Income from rental operations is usually income from property. Use this guide only if you have rental income from property. Do you have rental income or business income? To determine whether your rental income is from property or from business, consider the number and kinds of services you provide for your tenants. In most cases, you are earning income from property if you rent space and provide basic services only. Basic services include heat, light, parking, and laundry facilities. If you provide additional services to tenants, such as cleaning, security, and meals, you may be carrying on a business. The more services you provide, the greater the chance that your rental operation is a business. For more information about how to determine if your rental income is income from property or income from business, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-434, Rental of Real Property by Individual, and its Special Release. If your rental operation is a business, do not use this guide. Instead, see Guide T4002, Business and Professional Income. GST/HST new residential rental property rebate The GST/HST new residential rental property rebate applies to eligible rental accommodation and to land leased for a residence. The rental accommodation or land must be intended for long-term use as a residence. You may qualify for a rebate if you: purchased or built a new residential rental property; substantially renovated a residential rental property; made an addition to a multiple-unit rental complex; converted a commercial property into a residential rental property; or leased land for residential purposes (including the lease of sites in a residential trailer park). The rebate will go to the person who paid the GST/HST, the landlord for rental accommodation, or to the lessor of the land for leased land. For more information, see Guide RC4231, GST/HST New Residential Rental Property Rebate. If you are applying for a new residential rental property rebate, use Form GST524, New Residential Rental Property Rebate Application. If you are claiming a rebate for multiple units in a residential complex (excluding condominium units and a duplex), you also need to complete www.cra.gc.ca 5

Form GST525, Supplement to the New Residential Rental Property Rebate Application Multiple Units. Keeping records Keep detailed records of all the rental income you earn and the expenses you incur. You have to support your purchases and operating expenses with: invoices; receipts; contracts; or other supporting documents. Do not send us these records when you file your return. Keep them in case we ask to see them. We may disallow all or part of your expenses if you do not have receipts or other documents to support them. For more information on operating expenses, see Expenses on page 8. Generally, you must keep your records for six years from the end of the tax year to which they relate. For more information about keeping records, see Guide RC4409, Keeping Records. Chapter 2 Calculating Your Rental Income or Loss I f you received income from renting real estate or other real property, you have to file a statement of income and expenses. We have provided copies of Form T776, Statement of Real Estate Rentals, in the middle of this guide to help you calculate your rental income and expenses for income tax purposes. Although we accept other types of financial statements, we encourage you to use Form T776. Form T776 includes areas for you to enter your gross rents, your rental expenses, and any capital cost allowance. To calculate your rental income or loss, complete the areas of the form that apply to you. This chapter explains how to complete Form T776, Statement of Real Estate Rentals, as far as line 9946, Your net income (loss). The back of the form contains charts to calculate your capital cost allowance, which we explain in Chapter 3. Rental losses are not allowed if your rental operation is a cost-sharing arrangement rather than an operation to make a profit. For more information, see Renting below fair market value on page 14. Form T776, Statement of Real Estate Rentals If you are a sole proprietor, complete all the areas and lines on Form T776 that apply to you. Identification For the period from: If this is the first year of operation, enter the year, month, and day your rental operation began. Otherwise, enter January 1 of the current year. Since all rental properties have a December 31 year-end, you just need to enter the current tax year in the area after to: Partnership filer identification number Are you a co-owner or a partner of a partnership? Most of the time, if you own the rental property with one or more persons, we consider you to be a co-owner. For example, if you own a rental property with your spouse or common-law partner, you are a co-owner. In some cases, if you are a co-owner, you have to determine if a partnership exists. A partnership is a relationship between two or more people carrying on a business, with or without a written agreement, to make a profit. If there is no business in common, there is no partnership. That is, co-ownership of a rental property as an investment does not in itself constitute a partnership. To help you determine if you are in a partnership, see the partnership law for your province or territory. For more information, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-90, What is a Partnership? Partnerships of six or more partners at any time during the year have to file a T5013 Summary, Information Return of Partnership Income. Partnerships that have five partners or less throughout the year also have to file a partnership information return if one or more of the partners is a partner of another partnership. If you are a partner of either of these types of partnerships, you should get two copies of a T5013 slip, Statement of Partnership Income, or a T5013A slip, Statement of Partnership Income for Tax Shelters and Renounced Resource Expenses, from the partnership. If you do not receive this slip, contact the person who prepares the forms for the partnership. For more details about the return see Guide T4068, Guide for the T5013 Partnership Information Return. If you determine that you are a partner of a partnership and you received a T5013 or T5013A slip, you do not need to complete all of Form T776. Indicate the partnership filer identification number, as well as your share of the income and percentage of the ownership of your rental property in the Identification area. Then, enter on line 9946 the amount from box 26 (box 23 if a limited partnership) of your T5013 or T5013A slip. If you are a partner in a partnership and you do not receive a T5013 or T5013A slip, or if you are a co-owner, complete all of the areas of Form T776 that apply to you. Follow the special instructions in this chapter to complete lines 8299, 9369, 9936, 9943, and 9946. If you are such a partner or co-owner, make sure you complete the Details of other co-owners and partners area of the form. Tax shelter identification number Enter your tax shelter identification number, if applicable. You will find this in box 3 of your T5013 or T5013A slip. Generally, we consider a tax shelter to include an investment that can be reasonably expected, based on any 6 www.cra.gc.ca

statement, representation, or promotional literature, to provide federal tax credits, or a combination of federal tax credits and losses or other deductible amounts, that are equal to or in excess of a buyer s net cost in any of the first four years. The total of the federal tax credits and the losses or other deductible amounts would be equal to, or greater than, the cost of your share of the investment after deducting the prescribed benefits. For this purpose, the cost of your interest in the property has to be reduced by the prescribed benefits you or a person with whom you do not deal at arm s length will receive or enjoy. Prescribed benefits include provincial or territorial tax credits, revenue guarantees, contingent liabilities, limited recourse debt, and rights of exchange or conversion. To claim deductions or losses from tax shelter investments, attach to your return information slips T5003, Statement of Tax Shelter Information, and T5013A, Statement of Partnership Income for Tax Shelters and Renounced Resource Expenses, if applicable. Also attach a completed Form T5004, Claim for Tax Shelter Loss or Deduction, Gift and Donation Tax Credit, or Political Donation Tax Credit. Make sure your form shows the tax shelter identification number. An identification number is issued for administrative purposes only. It does not give an investor entitlement to claim any tax benefits associated with the tax shelter. If this is the first year you are making a claim for your tax shelter, include with your return a copy of Form T5003. If the tax shelter is a partnership, include a T5013A slip with your return. You only have to complete Form T776 if you have a rental operation and you are reporting rental income or a rental loss. For more information on tax shelters, see www.cra.gc.ca/tax/business/topics/taxshelters. Details of other co-owners and partners Complete this section if you are a co-owner or a partner of a partnership. Income List the address of your rental property and the number of units you rented. You can receive rental income in the form of: cash or cheques; kind (goods or commodities instead of cash); or services. If your tenant pays you in cash, include the total rents you earned in the year on line 8141 in the Gross rents column on Form T776. If your tenant pays you in kind or with services, report the fair market value as Other related income on line 8230. Example Glenn is a tenant in an apartment building. He owns a truck with a plough on it. His landlord, Sonya, asked him to plough the parking lot after every snowfall. Sonya does not pay Glenn cash for his work, but she reduces his monthly rent accordingly. On Form T776, Sonya reports the rent she charges Glenn on line 8141 Gross rents, and the fair market value of Glenn s services as Other related income on line 8230. She then claims the fair market value of Glenn s snow ploughing services that relate to her rental operation as an expense. How to calculate your rental income Report the rental income you earned in the calendar year (from January 1 to December 31). In most cases, you calculate your rental income using the accrual method. With this method, you: include rents in income for the year in which they are due, whether or not you receive them in that year; and deduct your expenses in the year you incur them, no matter when you pay them. However, if you have practically no amounts receivable and no expenses outstanding at the end of the year, you can use the cash method. With this method, you: include rents in income in the year you receive them; and deduct expenses in the year you pay them. You can use the cash method only if your net rental income or loss would be practically the same if you were using the accrual method. In the examples in this guide, we use the accrual method of reporting rental income. Who reports the rental income or loss? The person who owns the rental property has to report the rental income or loss. If you are a co-owner of the rental property, your share of the rental income or loss will depend on your share of ownership. Report the rental income the same way for each year you own that rental property. In other words, you cannot change the percentage of the rental income or loss you report each year unless the percentage of your ownership in the property changes. Someone else may have guaranteed your loan or mortgage. However, as the owner, you are the only one who can use the related interest expense to calculate your rental income or loss. For more information, see Line 8710 Interest on page 10. For more information on reporting rental income between family members, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-510, Transfers and Loans of Property Made After May 22, 1985 to a Related Minor, and Interpretation Bulletin IT-511, Interspousal and Certain Other Transfers and Loans of Property. www.cra.gc.ca 7

Line 8230 Other related income Rental income may include more than the rent you receive each month. It can also include income from the following sources. Premiums and leases You may receive an amount for: granting or extending a lease or sublease; permitting a sublease; or cancelling a lease or sublease. Report all or part of these amounts as Other related income on line 8230 of Form T776. Sharecropping You can earn income from renting farmland either in cash or as a share of the crop. Report any cash payments as rent in the Gross rents column on Form T776. Report the fair market value of any crop share you earn on a sharecrop basis as Other related income on line 8230 of Form T776. Line 8299 Gross rental income Your gross rental income is your total Gross rents on Form T776. Enter this amount on line 160 of your return. If you are a co-owner of the rental property or a partner of a partnership that does not need to provide you with a T5013 or T5013A slip, enter the gross rental income for the entire property on line 160. Do not split the gross income according to your ownership share. Expenses Generally, you can deduct any reasonable expenses you incur to earn rental income. The two basic types of expenses are: current expenses capital expenses Current or operating expenses are recurring expenses that provide a short-term benefit. For example, a current expense is the cost of repairs you make to keep a rental property in the same condition as it was when you acquired it. You can deduct current expenses from your gross rental income in the year you incur them. Capital expenses provide a benefit that usually lasts for several years. For example, costs to buy or improve your property are capital expenses. Generally, you cannot deduct the full amount of these expenses in the year you incur them. Instead, you can deduct their cost over a period of several years as capital cost allowance (CCA). For more information on CCA, see Chapter 3. Capital expenses can include: the purchase price of rental property; legal fees and other costs connected with buying the property; and the cost of furniture and equipment you are renting with the property. Current or capital expenses? Renovations and expenses that extend the useful life of your property or improve it beyond its original condition are usually capital expenses. However, an increase in a property s market value because of an expense is not a major factor in deciding whether the expense is capital or current. To decide whether an amount is a current expense or a capital expense, you should consider your answers to the questions in the following chart. Criteria Does the expense provide a lasting benefit? Does the expense maintain or improve the property? Is the expense for a part of a property or for a separate asset? Capital expenses (See Capital expenses Special situations on page 9) A capital expense generally gives a lasting benefit or advantage. For example, the cost of putting vinyl siding on the exterior walls of a wooden house is a capital expense. The cost of a repair that improves a property beyond its original condition is probably a capital expense. If you replace wooden steps with concrete steps, the cost is a capital expense. The cost of replacing a separate asset within that property is a capital expense. For example, the cost of buying a refrigerator for use in your rental operation is a capital expense. This is the case because a refrigerator is a separate asset and is not a part of the building. Current expenses A current expense is one that usually recurs after a short period. For example, the cost of painting the exterior of a wooden house is a current expense. An expense that simply restores a property to its original condition is usually a current expense. For example, the cost of repairing wooden steps is a current expense. The cost of repairing a property by replacing one of its parts is usually a current expense. For instance, electrical wiring is part of a building. Therefore, an amount you spend to rewire is usually a current expense, as long as the rewiring does not improve the property beyond its original condition. What is the value of the expense? (Use this test only if you cannot determine whether an expense is capital or current by considering the three previous tests.) Compare the cost of the expense to the value of the property. Generally, if the cost is considerable in relation to the value of the property, it is a capital expense. This test is not a determining factor by itself. You might spend a large amount of money for maintenance and repairs to your property all at once. If this cost was for ordinary maintenance that was not done when it was necessary, it is a maintenance expense, and you deduct it as a current expense. 8 www.cra.gc.ca

You were asking... Q. My brother and I own an old apartment building that we have been renting for several years. In the current tax year, we had the roof and outside walls repaired. The repairs to the roof involved waterproofing and reshingling several patches that had developed leaks. The building is made of brick, and the outside walls were redone using the original bricks. Can we deduct these expenses in calculating our rental income for the year? A. Yes. The repairs to the building simply restored it to its original condition. As a result, they are current expenses. If you need more information on the difference between current expenses and capital expenses, see paragraph 4 of Interpretation Bulletin IT-128, Capital Cost Allowance Depreciable Property. Capital expenses Special situations Modifications to rental properties to accommodate persons with disabilities You may renovate your existing rental property to accommodate persons with disabilities. You can deduct outlays and expenses you have for eligible disability-related modifications in the year you paid them, instead of having to add them to the capital cost of your building. Eligible disability-related modifications are changes you make to accommodate individuals who have a mobility impairment. These changes include: installing hand-activated electric door openers; installing interior and exterior ramps; and modifying a bathroom, elevator, or doorway so a person in a wheelchair can use it. You can also deduct expenses you pay to install or acquire the following disability-related devices and equipment: elevator car-position indicators (such as braille panels and audio indicators); visual fire-alarm indicators; listening or telephone devices for people who have a hearing impairment; and disability-specific computer software and hardware attachments. Buying an older building If you buy an older building that you have to repair or renovate to make it suitable to rent, the cost of the work is a capital expense. This is the case even though you would usually treat these costs as current expenses. Selling your property If you make repairs to your property because you want to sell it, or you make the repairs as a condition of sale, the repairs are capital expenses. However, we consider the repairs to be current expenses if they were necessary and you made them to your property or were making them before you decided to sell. Costs relating to construction, renovation, or alteration You may have certain costs relating to the period you were constructing, renovating, or altering your rental building to make it more suitable for renting. These expenses are sometimes called soft costs. Soft costs include: interest; legal fees; accounting fees; and property taxes. Soft costs attributable to the period of construction, renovation, or alteration of a building are made up of the soft costs relating to the building and those pertaining to the ownership of the related land and attributable to that period. The building s related land consists of the land: that is under the building, or that is immediately adjacent to the land under the building; used or intended for use for a parking area, driveway, yard, garden, or any other similar use; and necessary for the use or intended use of the building. Soft costs pertaining to a building s related land and attributable to the period of construction, renovation, or alteration are not deductible but can be added to the cost of the building. However, soft costs related to a building may be deductible as a current expense or added to the cost of the building, depending on your situation. Soft costs related to the building may be deductible as a current expense if: the costs relate to the period you were constructing, renovating, or altering the building; and the costs relate only to constructing, renovating, or altering the building. We consider the period of construction, renovation, or alteration to be completed on whichever date is earlier: the date the work is completed; or the date you rent 90% or more of the building. When these conditions are met, the amount of soft costs related to the building that you can deduct is limited to the amount of rental income earned from the building. Soft costs that do not meet the above conditions are not deductible as a current expense. Add them to the capital cost of the building and not the land. CCA, landscaping costs, and costs for disability-related modifications to buildings are not soft costs. Therefore, they are not subject to the soft cost rules. For more information on CCA, see Chapter 3. For more information on landscaping costs, see Landscaping costs on page 12. For more information on costs for disability-related modifications, see Modifications to rental properties to accommodate persons with disabilities on this page. www.cra.gc.ca 9

Personal portion If you rent part of the building where you live, you can claim the amount of your expenses that relate to the rented part of the building. You have to divide the expenses that relate to the whole property between your personal part and the rented part. You can split the expenses using square metres or the number of rooms you are renting in the building, as long as the split is reasonable. For example, if you rent 4 rooms of your 10-room house, you can deduct: 100% of the expenses that relate only to the rented rooms, such as repairs and maintenance of the rooms; plus 40% (4 out of 10 rooms) of the expenses that relate to the whole building, such as taxes and insurance. If you rent rooms in your home to a lodger or roommate, you can claim expenses for the part you are renting. You can also claim an amount for the rooms in your home that you are not renting that both you and your lodger or roommate use. Factors such as availability for use, or the number of persons sharing the room, can be used to calculate the allowable expenses. You can also calculate these amounts by estimating the percentage of time the lodger or roommate spends in these rooms (for example, the kitchen and living room). Enter your expenses from the property on Form T776. In the first column, Total expense, enter the full amount of each expense. In the second column, Personal portion, enter the part of each expense that was for personal use. Enter the totals of each column on the appropriate lines to calculate your deductible expenses. Then subtract them from your gross rental income (line 8299). If you are a co-owner or partner of a partnership, you have to show the personal portion of the expenses for all co-owners or partners. You cannot claim the expenses for renting part of your property if you have no reasonable expectation of making a profit. For more information on renting part of your personal residence, see Changing part of your principal residence to a rental property on page 26. Example Rick rents out 3 rooms of his 12-room house. He is not sure how to split the expenses when he reports his rental income. Rick s expenses were property taxes, electricity, fire insurance, and the cost of advertising for tenants in the local newspaper. Rick can claim the part of his expenses that relates to the part of the property he rented in the current tax year. Since Rick rented 25% of his residence (3 out of 12 rooms), he can deduct 25% of his property taxes, electricity, and fire insurance costs from his rental income. He can deduct the full amount of the advertising expense, since this expense relates only to the rented part. When he completes Form T776, Rick enters the full amount of each expense in the Total expense column. Then, in the Personal portion column, he shows the part of each expense that relates to his personal use. In this case, he enters 75% of the property taxes, electricity, and fire insurance costs for the property. He will not enter anything for advertising in the Personal portion column. Rick can also claim capital cost allowance (CCA) on the rented part of the property if it does not create or increase a rental loss and he is not designating the building as his principal residence. Expenses you can deduct Prepaid expenses Prepaid expenses are expenses you pay ahead of time. You can deduct only the part of those expenses that relates to the current tax year. Example Maria paid $2,100 for insurance on her rental property. The insurance was for the current tax year and the two following years. Although she paid the insurance for three years, she can deduct only the part that applies to the current tax year from her gross rental income. Therefore, Maria can deduct $700 in the current tax year and $700 in each of the following two years. For more information, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-417, Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Charges. Line 8521 Advertising You can usually deduct amounts for advertising that your rental property is available for rent. Line 8690 Insurance You can deduct the premiums for insurance coverage on your rental property for the current year. If your policy gives coverage for more than one year, you can deduct only the premiums that relate to the current year. Deduct the remaining premiums in the year to which they relate. Line 8710 Interest You can deduct interest on money you borrow to buy or improve your rental property. If you have interest expenses that relate to the construction or renovation period, see the rules for soft costs on page 9. You can also deduct interest you paid to tenants on rental deposits. If you are claiming interest as a rental expense on Form T776, do not include it as a carrying charge on Schedule 4, Statement of Investment Income. Lump-sum amounts paid for interest, such as fees to reduce the interest rate on a mortgage, are not fully deductible in the year, but are prorated over the remaining original term of the mortgage or loan. A penalty or bonus paid to a financial institution to pay off your mortgage loan before it is due is treated in the same way. For example, if the term of your mortgage is five years, and in the third year you pay a fee to reduce your interest rate, treat this fee as a prepaid expense and deduct it over the remaining term of the mortgage. You can deduct certain fees you have when you get a mortgage or loan to buy or improve your rental property. 10 www.cra.gc.ca

If the loans relate to the construction or renovation period, first read about soft costs on page 9. Loan fees include: mortgage applications, appraisals, processing, and insurance fees mortgage guarantee fees mortgage brokerage and finder s fees legal fees related to mortgage financing You deduct these fees over a period of five years. Deduct 20% in the current tax year and 20% in each of the following four years. However, if you repay the mortgage or loan before the end of the five-year period, you can deduct the remaining financing fees at that time. The number of years for which you can deduct these fees is not related to the term of your mortgage. If you have standby charges, guarantee fees, service fees, or any other similar fees, you may be able to deduct them in full for the year you incur them. To do so, they have to relate only to that tax year. You can choose to treat finance fees you paid and the interest on money you borrowed to acquire depreciable property as capital expenses. You might refinance your rental property to get money for a reason other than buying or improving your rental property. If you use the funds for a business or other investments, you may be able to claim the interest expenses on Schedule 4. See line 221 in the General Income Tax and Benefit Guide, or the Expenses chapter in Guide T4002, Business and Professional Income. If the funds are for personal use, you cannot deduct the interest expenses. You were asking... Q. I own and rent a semi-detached house. This year, I refinanced the property to increase the mortgage because I needed money for a down payment on my personal residence. Can I deduct the additional interest on the mortgage against my rental income? A. No. You are making personal use of the funds you got from refinancing your rental property. As a result, you cannot deduct the additional interest when you calculate your net income or loss from your rental property. Line 8960 Maintenance and repairs If you pay for repairs to your property, you can deduct the cost of labour and materials. However, you cannot deduct the value of your own labour. Line 8871 Management and administration fees You can deduct the amounts you pay for managing the property. You can also deduct amounts paid or payable to agents for collecting rents or finding new tenants. If you have commissions when selling your rental property, include them as Outlays and Expenses on Schedule 3, Capital Gains (or Losses), when you report the disposition of your property. Line 9281 Motor vehicle expenses You can deduct motor vehicle expenses in the following circumstances: If you own one rental property: You can deduct reasonable motor vehicle expenses if you meet all the following conditions: you receive income from only one rental property that is in the general area where you live; you personally do part, or all, of the necessary repairs and maintenance on the property; and you have motor vehicle expenses to transport tools and materials to the rental property. You cannot deduct motor vehicle expenses you incur to collect rents. These are personal expenses. If you own two or more rental properties: In addition to the expenses listed above, you can deduct reasonable motor vehicle expenses you incur to do any of the following: collect rents; supervise repairs; and generally manage the properties. This applies whether your rental properties are located in or outside the general area where you live. However, your rental properties have to be located in at least two different sites away from your principal residence. The motor vehicle expenses that we consider to be reasonable depend on the circumstances of your situation. For information on how to calculate the motor vehicle expenses that you can deduct, see Guide T4002, Business and Professional Income. Line 8810 Office expenses You can deduct the cost of office supplies. These include small items such as pens, pencils, paper clips, stationery, and stamps. Line 8860 Legal, accounting, and other professional fees You can deduct fees for legal services to prepare leases or collect overdue rents. If you incur legal fees to buy your rental property, you cannot deduct them from your gross rental income. Instead, allocate the fees between land and building and add them to their respective cost. For example, you buy a property worth $200,000 ($50,000 for the land and $150,000 for the building) and incur legal fees of $10,000. Split the $10,000 proportionately between the land and building. In this case, $2,500 is added to the cost of the land (for a total of $52,500) and $7,500 is added to the cost of the building (for a total of $157,500). For more information, see Land on page 17. Any legal fees you paid when selling your rental property are deducted from your proceeds of disposition when calculating your capital gain or loss. www.cra.gc.ca 11

The deduction also applies when calculating a recapture of capital cost allowance or terminal loss. You can also deduct amounts paid for bookkeeping services, audits of your records, and preparing financial statements. You may be able to deduct fees and expenses for advice and help to prepare your return and any related information returns. You can deduct these fees if you needed the help because of your rental operation. Line 9180 Property taxes You can deduct property tax assessed by a province or territory and by a Canadian municipality that relate to your rental property for the period when it was available for rent. For more information, see Vacant land on page 12 and Costs relating to construction, renovation, or alteration on page 9. Line 9060 Salaries, wages, and benefits You can deduct amounts paid or payable to superintendents, maintenance personnel, and others you employ to take care of your rental property. You cannot deduct the value of your own services. As an employer, you can deduct your portion of Canada Pension Plan or Quebec Pension Plan contributions, Employment Insurance premiums, and workers compensation board amounts. You can also deduct any premiums you pay for an employee for sickness, accident, disability, or income insurance plan. For more information on wages, see Guide T4001, Employer s Guide Payroll Deductions and Remittances. Line 9200 Travel You might travel to collect rents, supervise repairs, and manage your properties. To claim the expenses you incur, you need to meet the same requirements discussed at Line 9281 Motor vehicle expenses on page 11. Travelling expenses include the cost of getting to your rental property. Travelling expenses do not include board and lodging, which we consider to be personal expenses. Line 9220 Utilities You can deduct expenses for utilities, such as gas, oil, electricity, water, and cable, if your rental arrangement specifies that you pay for the utilities in question. Line 9270 Other expenses On this line, include the total amount of other expenses you incur to earn rental income and that you have not included on a previous line of Form T776. We explain some of these expenses in the following sections. Landscaping costs You can deduct the cost of landscaping the grounds around your rental property only in the year you paid the cost, even if you use the accrual method for calculating your rental income. Lease cancellation payments You can deduct amounts paid or payable to tenants to cancel their leases. The deductible amount is calculated as follows: If you made the cancellation payment in the year: Cancellation payment Number of days to the end of the year when payment is made Number of days left on the lease If you made the cancellation payment in a previous year: Cancellation payment Number of days in the year left on the lease Number of days left on the lease For this calculation, the life of the lease (including all renewal periods) cannot be longer than 40 years. Example Samir, the landlord, paid his tenant $1,000 to cancel a lease on August 18 of the current tax year. The lease was due to expire on December 31 of the next year. When he made the payment, there were 135 days left in the current year and 500 days left on the lease. For the current tax year, Samir deducts $270, calculated as follows: 135 $1,000 = $270 500 For the next year, Samir deducts $730 calculated as follows: 365 $1,000 = $730 500 If you dispose of the property, the tax treatment will vary depending on your situation. For more information, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-359, Premiums and Other Amounts With Respect to Leases. Condominiums If you earn rental income from a condominium unit, you can deduct the expenses that you would usually deduct from rental income. You can also deduct condominium fees representing your share of the upkeep, repairs, maintenance, and other current expenses of the common property. For more information, see Interpretation Bulletin IT-304, Condominiums. Vacant land You might earn rental income from vacant land. You can deduct your operating expenses from this income. However, there are limits on how much you can deduct for: interest on money you borrowed to acquire the land, or on an amount payable for the land; and property taxes on the land assessed by a province or territory and a Canadian municipality, including assessments for school taxes and local improvements. 12 www.cra.gc.ca