Hi-tech Survey Operation using Modern Technologies: Concept & Process Flow Presented by Sri Biswaranjan Rath Asst. Director,CLR Board of Revenue, Odisha
Limitations of present system of surveying Survey operations are not regular- gap between records and field reality Associated with human errors Out dated method- Low level of accuracy Areas above 10 degree slope can not be surveyed Time consuming- gap between measurement taken and final output Maps in paper form- difficulty in updation
Need of Re-survey Mis-match between the land records data and the actual ground condition with efflux of time. Non-updation of cadastral maps reflecting the changes in land use/rights. Geographical factors such as change in course of rivers and streams and submergence/ resurgence of land. Loss of records due to negligence or natural causes.
Advantages of re-survey using modern technologies Maximum use of machines-errors due to human factors in survey and map preparation are negated Availability of modern techniques which are more accurate, less time consuming and cost effective. Coordinate based ground control points- no fear of misplacement. Final output in digital form- further updation will be easier.
Methodologies Pure ground method using ETS & DGPS. Hybrid method using Aerial Photography and ground truthing by ETS & DGPS. Hybrid method using High Resolution Satellite Imagery and ground truthing by ETS & DGPS.
Steps for undertaking Hi-tech survey operation using Hybrid methodology
Establishment of Ground Control Point Network Primary GCPs- 16 km x 16 km Secondary GCPs- 4 km x 4 km Tertiary GCPS- 1 km x 1 km Primary and Secondary GCPs have permanent value and hence need to be preserved. Revenue field officers at Grass root level ( all RIs and all Tahasildars) need to be familiarizes themselves with those GCPs. The local people must be taken into confidence for their proper preservation in future. In case of any dislocation of those GCPs, the same need to be re-errected immediately.
Acquisition of Stereo Satellite Data/ Aerial Photographs Satellite data need to be procured from National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. In other case the aerial photographs need to be taken by low flying aircrafts loaded with GPS and high resolution camera. Raw image need to be converted into Ortho-image.
Geo-referencing of mosaiced digital cadastral sheets Existing cadastral sheets need to be digitized and mosaiced. The digitized cadastral map sheets need to be made available to the vendor. The vendor will use the digitized cadastral map for delineation of village boundaries on ortho-image
SCANNED CDASTRAL SHEETS OF A VILLAGE
Mosaicing of digitized sheets
Delineation & Confirmation of Village Boundary on Orthoimage Digitization of existing cadastral maps i Identification of Bijunction/Trijunction Points / prominent features on the digitized cadastral maps Collection of DGPS Based Point Coordinates & identification of Permanent features on the Ortho-image Superimposing digitized cadastral maps on the Ortho-image and Geo-referencing Transfer of Village Boundary to Orthoimage Selection of Boundary Plots & Marking of Village boundary Delineation of Village Boundary & adjustment if necessary Confirmation of Village Boundary
Delineation & Confirmation of Village Boundary on Orthoimage Identification of Bijunction & Trijunction points on ground & image. Identification of boundary plots and selection of outer limits to generate village boundary
Comparison of village area of cadastral map, ortho-image and RoR data Maximum tolerable limit 2% between different sources of village area For the purpose, RoR data should be up to date In case of variation (above 2% tolerable limit) field survey is necessary for boundary demarcation. Field survey is necessary if the village boundary falls under obscure areas or incase large scale variation in the village boundaries. The area obtained from filed survey will be treated as final
Digitization of parcels from ortho-image and identification of obscure areas The vendor shall undertake digitization of individual parcels and features on mirror principle as clearly visible in the ortho image. The parcels on records of the Government departments shall be delineated based on the existing cadastral sheets and shall be frozen. The vendor shall identify plots under obscure areas and shall submit to ORSAC for authentication. The plot wise authenticated obscure areas of each village shall be made available with DLR&S who will transmit the same to district collector for onwards transmission to the Tahasildar concerned
Plot Level Vectorisation and Map Generation from Ortho Image Vectorisation of plots by onscreen digitisation method using Autocad
Identification of obscured areas on the orthoimage Obscured areas Obscured areas PLOT VECTOR EXTRACTED FROM IMAGE
DIFFICULT/PROBLEM AREAS ENCOUNTERED DURING PLOT LEVEL VECTORISATION FROM ORTHO IMAGE PLOT BOUNDARY UNDER GROOVES VILLAGE BOUNDARY OBSCURED AREAS ON URBAN FRINGE WTH PLOTTING SETTELMENT/HABITATION AREAS CONSTRUCTION SITES CORNER VERTICES OBSCURED
Vegetated Area
Plot Vertices/Nodes Obscured by Tree
Plot Boundary not Clear
Plot Boundary not Clear in Habitation Areas
Validation of image derived parcel vectors Random selection of 5% of plots clearly visible in image and digitized by the vendor. Field measurement of dimensions of those plots and comparison with corresponding image derived dimensions Fresh look at digitization of all parcels if measurement variation will be beyond 20 cm. Repetition of the process till desired level of accuracy is achieved
Pre-Survey activities Notification of villages to be covered under Hi-tech survey operation by Revenue & DM Department Planning and execution of awareness meetings at village level associating the vendor Proclamation in Form No.1 by Tahasildar under Section-3 (2) of OSS&S Act, 2012 Soliciting self-declaration in Form-2 from the land owners Rule 6 (1) of OSS&S Rules, 2012 within 30 working days from the date of notification Verification of self-declaration by Tahasildar/ Additional Tahasildar and preparation of verification certificate in Form-3
Survey Planning All Gharabari (Habitation) areas, obscured areas, interstate boundaries, village boundaries difficult to interpret from ortho-image and 5% randomly selected image derived plot shall be put to DGPS/ETS survey. Vendor must submit its manpower and equipment resources for to District Administration for appropriate planning Detail Tahasil wise survey schedule in Form No. 1 (T) with approval of Collector for publication at District/ Tahasil and village level. Village wise survey schedule in Form No. 2 (T) must be notified in the concerned village at least 10 days before commencement of survey. Involvement of local people and local officials of land owning departments must be there.
Execution of DGPS/ETS survey Each survey team should comprise at least one surveyor and one assistant surveyor. Survey team is to be assisted by one Amin/ARI of local Tahasil and land owners of the programmed village during survey. Local officials of other land owning departments may help the survey agencies in identification of boundaries of land parcels owned by those departments. All survey should be done with reference to nearby GCP. Auxillary point if necessary can be taken the co-ordinate of which should be provided to DLR&S. Ghrabari areas must be surveyed section wise and in each section survey should start and end in one control point The plot wise survey schedule has to be authenticated by the concerned Tahasildar before integration of survey vectors to the map.
Plot Level Map Generation after Integration of field survey data VECTOR FROM IMAGE VECTOR FROM FIELD
Linking of Existing RoR & Addition/Updation of RoR Through Tenant Interaction/ Data Collection from Tahasil Office
Plot Vector Extracted from Image with Plot Number from RoR/cadastral maps
Comparison of Plot Area those of Image derived and RoR AREA OF PLOT AS RECORDED IN ROR AREA OF PLOT MAPPED FROM IMAGE
Preparation of preliminary RoR Submission of map so prepared by the vendor to Tahasildar for verification indicating plot numbers of existing map/ror and a comparative statement of image derived parcel area with RoR area in Form 6-T Constitution of team of persons by Sub-Collector for preparation of Preliminary RoR headed by a Revenue Supervisor Preparation of abstract of RoR and plot register in Form-5 & 6 Re-verification of self-declarations with reference to above abstract and plot register and available records
Physical verification of all plots and noting of all changes in respect of configuration, area, boundaries and ownerships Sub-divided plots need to be marked in broken lines Team of persons must ensure incorporation of all plots in existing RoR and those obtained from self declarations in the draft map so prepared Vendor personnel shall assist the team of persons in demarcation of plots during the process Digital updation of village map upto a cut-off date i.e. till publication of draft RoR by Tahasildar
Preparation of land owner wise preliminary RoR in Form-7 Generation of LPM of hal plots and serving of same to land owners and officers of other Departments in Form-4(T) with display for public scrutiny for 15 days Soliciting claims and objections within 15 days in Form-8 Disposal of all claims and objections by Tahasildar in a summary manner within a maximum period of 30 working days of receipt of the same ( Rule-10) The vendor surveyor shall assist the Tahasildar for disposal of objection cases which may require parcel measurement
A4 SIZE MAP GENERATION FOR TENANT INTERACTION
Grievance Hearing by Tahasildar and RoR/ Map Finalization BOUNDARY DISPUTE CLEARANCE DEMARCATION OF GOVT. PROPERTY SINGLE PLOT NOT TWO SINGLE PLOT NOT TWO ROR CORRECTION BOUNDARY UNDER CANOPY COVER SINGLE PLOT NOT TWO ONE PART UNDER WATERING NO SUBDIVISION SINGLE OWNER
Draft Record of Rights Draft RoR shall be prepared in Form-12 stating the orders passed in respect of claims and objections and shall be published for a period of 30 days (Rule-12) Issuance of public notice in Form-13 inviting claims and objections within a period of 30 days Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner by Addl. Sub-Collector on the basis of available records, documentary evidence and spot verification if needed within 60 days of filing of such claims/objections
Recess Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders passed by Addl. Sub-Collector Addition and alterations in the draft RoR per the orders passed by Addl. Sub-Collector Checking and verification of area of each plot and area and boundaries of each revenue village to ensure its correctness both in RoR and in maps. Passing of new area by Tahasildar Preparation of abstract of new RoR in Form-18 and new plot Register in Form-19 Preparation of copies of RoR in quadruplicates for final publication
Final Record of Rights Final RoR will be published in Form-20 under seal and signature of Collector and shall be placed for public inspection for 30 days Both soft & hard copies shall be prepared by the vendor for distribution among land owner,ri, Tahasildar, Collector and DLR&S Any person can file claim/objection against the entries of final RoR within 90 days of publication of final RoR before the ADM Disposal of claims and objections in a summary manner by ADM on the basis of available records, documentary evidence and spot verification if needed within 90 days of filing of such claims/objections
Quality Checking by ORSAC After geo-referencing of existing cadastral maps with image for delineation of village boundary After plot vector generation and prior to ground truthing: geometry of parcels and village boundary Before submission of draft map to Tahasildar for verification after ground truthing: village in completeness correctness of matched/ mis-matched plots as identified by the vendor after linkage of RoR Before submission of final RoR after khanapuri operation,dispute resolution : vector database,map composition and GIS database
Challenges Involvement of private parties in survey operations. Different from traditional methods of survey. Technologies are new to revenue field functionaries. Participation and acceptance of general public is necessary.
Supports and assistance Odisha Special Survey & Settlement Act, 2012 and corresponding Rules Technical Manual for cadastral survey using modern technologies Executive Instructions to be issued by Govt./ DLR&S, Odisha Manuals for manner of recording Govt. land and private land during survey operations State level Technical Committee for advice and doubt clearance Revenue & DM Department for further clarification
Thank you