High Level Summary of Statistics Housing and Regeneration Housing market... 2 Tenure... 2 New housing supply... 3 House prices... 5 Quality... 7 Dampness, condensation and the Scottish Housing Quality Standard... 7 Fuel poverty... 8 Perceptions of neighbourhood... 9 Homelessness... 11 Applications, assessments and households in temporary accommodation... 11 Lets to homeless households... 13 Scottish Government Statistics www.scotland.gov.uk/stats
Housing market Housing market Tenure Updated February 29 The last quarter of a century has seen a significant change in housing tenure. In 1981, less than 4% of dwelling stock was owner occupied. By 1997, this had risen to over 6% and has continued upwards over the last ten years. Although there has been a similar pattern of change across much of Europe, the change has been particularly dramatic in Scotland. Proportion 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % Estimated stock of dwellings by tenure (Scotland) 1984 to 28 December 1984 December 1985 December 1986 December 1987 December 1988 December 1989 December 199 December 1991 December 1992 December 1993 December 1994 December 1995 December 1996 December 1997 December 1998 December 1999 December 2 March 21 March 22 March 23 March 24 March 25 March 26 March 27 March 28p Owner occupied Rented privately Vacant private / second homes Housing Associations Local Authorities From 21 privately owned vacant dwellings are shown separately. The number of vacant dwellings is not known prior to March 21 and so these are included within owner occupied and rented privately. A version of this table which apportions vacant private dwellings between private renting and owner occupation is available upon request. Source: Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services (Housing Statistics) Mirroring changes in cultural attitudes toward home ownership, two structural factors have contributed to this shift: the introduction of the right to buy for public authority tenants in 1979 coupled with the decline of public authority new build, and the increased contribution of private sector building. In recent years, there has been some indication that the rising trend in relation to owner-occupation may be levelling out to some extent, while the private rented sector has shown consistent signs of growth since 21 from about 7% to nearly 1% in 27. More information can be obtained from the Housing Statistics for Scotland on-line information resource. 2
Housing market New housing supply Updated: Feb 29 Historic trends in new build showed peaks in the early 195s and late 196s resulting primarily from programmes of post-war reconstruction and slum clearances. From a high point of about 41,-43, completions a year, mainly in the public sector, the level of new build fell during the early 8s to under 2, completions per year. Since then, there has been an overall upward trend to just under 25, completions per year during the past few years, predominantly due to private sector new build which currently represents over 8% of all completions. The remainder of new build is mainly by housing associations. Over the last few years new build starts have been running at about 27, per year, although a reduction has been seen in recent quarters making predictions of future housing supply less certain. New housing in Scotland since 192 5, 45, 4, 35, Completions 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 192 1925 193 1935 194 1945 195 1955 196 1965 197 1975 Public sector & housing association 198 1985 Private sector 199 1995 2 25 Source: Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services (Housing Statistics) However, the demand for home ownership has put severe pressure on the housing system in many areas, driving up house price inflation and restricting opportunities for sizeable sectors of the population. Increasing the supply of housing to respond to housing need and aspiration, and improving the responsiveness of the housing market more generally, is the most effective way of improving affordability in the medium to long term. The Scottish government s discussion document Firm foundations, highlights this commitment to increasing the capacity of the housing market to meet demand across all tenures. Total supply of new housing from public and private new building, rehabilitation and conversion to housing use is a Scottish 3
Housing market government National Indicator reflecting the importance of a sufficient supply of housing to support the government s purpose. New housing supply including refurbishment/conversion (Scotland): 1996-97 to 26-7 3, 25, Number of dwellings 2, 15, 1, 5, 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2-1 21-2 22-3 23-4 24-5 25-6 26-7 Source: Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services (Housing Statistics) More information can be obtained from the Housing Statistics for Scotland on-line information resource. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/browse/housing-regeneration/hsfs/newbuild 4
Housing market House prices Updated: May 28 Although not as acute as elsewhere in the UK, Scotland has experienced a marked upswing in average house prices since 2. While Scotland is one of the most affordable regions in the UK in terms of house price to earnings ratios, there are still major problems of affordability in some areas, particularly for potential first-time buyers who may find the costs of owner-occupation prohibitive. The increase in real price is most pronounced in Edinburgh. However, all parts of Scotland, including rural areas, have experienced real price growth well above earnings growth, with national average house price to income ratios rising by 23% between 22 and 26. More recently, there has been some indication that the market may be easing off somewhat (Table 592, Department for Communities and Local Government live tables on housing market), and the proportion of first time buyers is beginning to pick up from a low point in 24, in part due to mortgage products becoming increasingly accessible and financially attractive in recent years. Residential property transactions and first time buyers (Scotland): 1996 to 27 2, 18, 16, % first time buyers (Regulated Mortgage Survey) Number of transactions Median transaction value ( ) 1 9 8 Property transactions 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 7 6 5 4 3 % first time buyers 4, 2 2, 1-1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 - Source: Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services (Housing Statistics) However, while house price growth has now begun to moderate, the relatively high level of house prices means that households now face greater obstacles in fulfilling aspirations toward home ownership. Recent changes in the mortgage lending market in response to fears of a debt crisis have also resulted in a reduction of the more attractive mortgage deals, and the most recent figures for 27 do show a slight drop in the proportion of first time buyers. As affordability in the market sector has worsened, pressure has increased on an already stretched social housing sector. 5
Housing market More information can be obtained from the Housing Statistics for Scotland on-line information resource. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/browse/housing-regeneration/hsfs/keyinfo 6
Quality HOUSING and REGENERATION Quality Dampness, condensation and the Scottish Housing Quality Standard Updated: January 21 While successive Scottish House Condition Surveys show that the proportion of dwellings with condensation or dampness, or failing the SHQS, has fallen, the most recent figures for 28 show that 61% of social housing and 66% of private sector housing falls short of the SHQS (The SHQS figures for 23/4 to 27 were revised in February 29). Nearly half (48%) of dwellings have some urgent disrepair. Housing quality (Scotland): 1991 to 28 1 9 8 7 % dwellings 6 5 4 3 2 1 1991 1996 22 23-4 24-5 25-6 27 28 With dampness With condensation Failing Scottish Housing Quality Standard Source: Scottish House Condition Survey Web link Scottish House Condition Survey http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/shcs 7
Quality Fuel poverty Updated: January 21 Central heating is an important factor in reducing the incidence of condensation, resulting in improved comfort for occupants, as well as contributing to enhanced energy efficiency of the dwelling. Between 1991 and 28, the percentage of dwellings with full central heating has risen from 62% to 95%. Fuel poverty fell sharply between 1996 and 22, mainly due to increased income and falling fuel prices. However, fuel poverty has been rising in more recent years, largely because current increases in fuel prices are only being partially offset by rising incomes and energy efficiency increases. 4 Households in fuel poverty 1996 to 28 (% and 95% Confidence Intervals) 35 3 Percentage of households 25 2 15 1 5 1996 22 23/4 24/5 25/6 27 28 Year Source: Scottish House Condition Survey Note: The definition of fuel poverty changed in 22, and figures for 1996 are therefore not comparable with later years. Web link Scottish House Condition Survey http://www.shcs.gov.uk/ 8
Quality Perceptions of neighbourhood Updated: June 28 Improving housing is not just about increasing supply, but also about a wider investment in building attractive and sustainable communities, and enhancing the opportunities and quality of life for those who live in them. This focus is reflected in the Scottish government National Indicator on the proportion of adults who rate their neighbourhood as a good place to live. In 27, 93% of adults rated their neighbourhood as a fairly or very good place to live, and there has been very little variation between 1999 and 27. Perception of neighbourhood as fairly/very good place to live (Scotland): 1999-27 1 9 8 7 % adults 6 5 4 3 2 1 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 15% most deprived areas Scotland Delivering these improved outcomes is especially challenging in Scotland s most deprived areas those ranked in the most deprived 15% identified in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. There is some indication that perceptions of neighbourhood may be becoming somewhat less negative over time for these areas. Perception of neighbourhood as fairly/very poor place to live (Scotland): 1999-27 % adults 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 15% most deprived areas Scotland 9
Quality However, while the most deprived areas are similar to the rest of Scotland in terms of what residents like about them, there are marked differences in terms of what they dislike, with much greater dissatisfaction with quality of life issues such as the unpleasant or unsafe environments, problem residents and lack of sense of community. Pleasant environment Sense of community / friendly people Good amenities Aspects of neighbourhood particularly liked (Scotland): 26 Safe environment Good public transport Other Nothing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 % 15% most deprived areas Scotland Unpleasant environment Aspects of neighbourhood particularly disliked (Scotland): 26 No sense of community / problem residents / substance abuse Poor amenities Poor public transport Unsafe environment Other Nothing Source: Scottish Household Survey 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 % 15% most deprived areas Scotland Web Link Scottish Household Survey http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/162 1
Homelessness HOUSING Homelessness Applications, assessments and households in temporary accommodation Updated: September 28 In recent years, the observed increases in levels of applications have primarily been due to the increase in the numbers of single-person households applying, together with a more modest increase in applications from single parents. Legislative change is likely to have been an important driver of this increase as single applicants have benefited most from the changes. However, some of the increase may also reflect wider social change with increasing proportions of young people living independently as well as an increase in the rate of household dissolution following breakdown of relationships. The reduction in applications since 25-6 is also mainly due to a reduction in applications by single person households. Of the 56,69 applications in 27-8 4,299 were assessed as homeless or potentially homeless, 32,111 were assessed as priority and 1,677 had yet to be assessed at the time of the analysis. Those with a priority assessment represent 79.7% of those assessed as homeless. This is a 3% increase over 26-7 which in turn was a 1.2 percentage points increase over 25-6. 1, Number of households in temporary accommodation at 31 March (Scotland): 1991 to 28 9, 8, Number of households 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Year All households - excluding Glasgow asylum seekers Households with children - excluding Glasgow asylum seekers All households including Glasgow asylum seekers Households with children - including Glasgow asylum seekers Source: Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services (Housing Statistics) Up to March 25 the summary information on households in temporary accommodation separately identified households with children from households without children. From June 25 those households without children where a household member was pregnant have been grouped with households with children. This change will have led to a minor break in comparability in the time series. 11
HOUSING Homelessness In early 28 Glasgow council accepted around 646 asylum seekers as homeless applicants. This reflects the review undertaken by the Home Office of failed asylum seeker cases which had previously been given leave to remain. A number of these households have now had positive decisions, chosen to stay in Glasgow and have made homeless applications. In March 28, 542 of these households were in temporary accommodation, and of these, 522 were households with dependent children or a household member pregnant. Inclusion of these households in numbers in temporary accommodation on 31 March 28 overstates the underlying rate of increase in numbers in temporary accommodation when compared with March 27. At 31 March 28 there were 9,518 households in temporary accommodation, having been placed there under the Homeless Persons legislation, of whom 3,986 (42%) were households with children. The number of households in temporary accommodation has increased in each year from March 22. This increase has been driven both by the increase in applications and by the new duties placed on councils since September 22. Although the numbers continue to rise, the longer term data indicate that, after adjusting for the discontinuity in the Glasgow data, there is a continuing gradual reduction in the underlying rate of increase from a 3% increase between March 22 and March 23 reducing to an adjusted underlying 4.7% increase between March 27 and March 28. More information can be found in the Operation of the homeless persons legislation in Scotland publication section of the Housing Statistics website. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/browse/housing-regeneration/pubhomeless 12
HOUSING Homelessness Lets to homeless households Updated Feb 29 The proportion of lets to homeless households is a key indicator in measuring local authorities capacity to respond to the 212 commitment to remove the priority need test in homelessness legislation. While the number of local authority lets overall have been falling over the past couple of years, the proportion of lets to homeless have increased, with the latest figures confirming the observed upward trend: in 27-8, 39% of all local authority lettings were to homeless households, compared to 17% for 21-2. Local authority lets to homeless households (Scotland): 1994-95 to 26-7 9% 8, 8% 7, 7% 6, 6% Total LA lets 5, % lets 5% 4% 4, 3% 3, 2% 2, 1% 1, % 1994-95 1995-96 1996-971997-98 1998-99 21-222-323-424-525-626-7 27-8 Dwellings allocated by local authorities % new lets % lets under homelessness legislation Source: Scottish Government Communities Analytical Services (Housing Statistics) Note: Figures do not include councils with complete stock transfers. More information can be obtained from the Housing Statistics for Scotland on-line information resource. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/topics/statistics/browse/housing-regeneration/hsfs/keyinfo 13