Land Tenure and Geospatial Data and Technology Ioana Bouvier E3/Land and Urban, USAID Senior Geospatial Analyst January 23, 2018 January 23, 2018 1
OUTLINE 1. Overview of geospatial data and technology for land tenure 2. Role of new geospatial technologies in securing land tenure 3. Opportunities and considerations in using geospatial technologies for land tenure and improved resources governance 4. Implications for sustainable development January 23, 2018 2
TERMS AND CONCEPTS Geospatial Data: Any data that is linked to a location Geospatial Technology: Range of tools for mapping and data management Global Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and satellite imagery January 23, 2018 3
MANAGING LAND REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE Where are the land resources? Who has access to these land resources? How much land is there? Geospatial data and technology can help you answer these questions. January 23, 2018 4
GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TECHNOLOGY TO SECURE LAND January 23, 2018 5
LAND RECORDS AND GEOSPATIAL DATA COLLECTION DEVELOPED NATIONS Most land records are digitized Records are created and maintained in land administration or cadastral systems Collected by professional surveyors and follow legal and accuracy standards DEVELOPING NATIONS Large cities may have invested in a cadastral system However, in most of the developing world paper records are prevalent How can geospatial data help bridge this gap? January 23, 2018 6
CHALLENGE Lack of documentation and digital records High cost of land surveyors and traditional land administration processes Gap between government planned land administration and local/regional priorities Emphasis on attracting investments Low capacity January 23, 2018 7
MOBILE APPLICATIONS TO SECURE TENURE MAST EXAMPLE MAST is flexible and adaptive approach and can be used for: Systematic Registration Spot Registration Conflict Resolutions Sustainable land use planning January 23, 2018 8
Private Customary Customary Private CLARIFYING TENURE SYSTEMS: EXAMPLE January 23, 2018 9
CADASTER EXAMPLE January 23, 2018 10
CADASTER EXAMPLE January 23, 2018 11
CONSIDERATIONS January 23, 2018 12
KEY CONSIDERATIONS Legal accuracy requirements Data collection and management Sustainability January 23, 2018 13
1. ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS General Rule: Highly accurate data is more difficult and more costly to collect and to manage January 23, 2018 14
URBAN AREAS 1 meter, sub-meter requirements January 23, 2018 15
RURAL AREAS Varies, often 2-10 meter requirements January 23, 2018 16
2. DATA QUALITY Data quality encompasses the accuracy and precision of both: The spatial data The attributes January 23, 2018 17
TOPOLOGY EXAMPLE Topology describes spatial relationships January 23, 2018 18
3. SUSTAINABILITY January 23, 2018 19
OPPORTUNITIES AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES January 23, 2018 20
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES January 23, 2018 21
OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE LAND-BASED INVESTMENT January 23, 2018 22
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND-BASED INVESTMENTS IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE January 23, 2018 23
GEOSPATIAL DATA AND TECHNOLOGY Geospatial data can inform such investments to avoid potential land-related conflicts between investors and communities. Maps and analysis can be helpful to investors throughout a project s life cycle, including: Due diligence and pre-project assessment phases Negotiations Project implementation Project close-out January 23, 2018 24
CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT IN MEXICO January 23, 2018 25
MEXICO: COMPLEX TENURE INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY Private titles Registered with the Public Registry of Property COMMUNITY LANDS: Ejidos and comunidades registered with the National Agrarian Registry Individual land and commonly used property rights also exist within the ejidos January 23, 2018 26
CLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT IN MEXICO EXAMPLE 27 January 23, 2018
ACCESS TO LAND IN COLOMBIA January 23, 2018 28
COLOMBIA: ACCESS TO LAND 3% own 60% of registered rural land January 23, 2018 29
EXAMINING ACCESS TO LAND AND DRIVERS OF CONFLICT Most recent displaced populations are Afro-Colombians and Indigenous People, who comprise an estimated 15% of Colombia s population January 23, 2018 30
ACCESS TO LAND IN COLOMBIA EXAMPLE 31 January 23, 2018
TAKEAWAY #1 Geospatial data and technology play a critical role for clarifying and strengthening land rights January 23, 2018 32
TAKEAWAY #2 There are a number of considerations associated with spatial land data collection and management to secure tenure January 23, 2018 33
TAKEAWAY #3 Opportunities exist for linking spatial data to existing frameworks and guidance January 23, 2018 34
TAKEAWAY #4 Technology development and web mapping allow for improved access to geospatial land data January 23, 2018 35
RESOURCES Learn more: USAID Land Links resources Additional Resources on Geospatial data/emerging technologies January 23, 2018 36
E3/Land and Urban Office www.landlinks.org landmatters@usaid.gov #landmatters #landrights January 23, 2018 37