The Future of Architecture. Since 1889. Jean-Louis Cohen (D
\ Table of contents Introduction Architecture's expanded field 010 - Two thresholds in time 013 - The carousel of hegemonies 014 - The continuity of type 015 - Historians versus architects, or the problem of inclusion 01 Sheds to rails: the dominion of steel 018 -The lamp of style 019 - The eminence of the Beaux-Arts 023 - Programs of modernization 023 - Networks of internationalization 02 The search for modern form 028 - Toward a "new art" from Paris to Berlin 031 - Great Britain after the Arts and Crafts 034 - Art Nouveau and the Paris-Nancy axis 036 - From Italian "Floreale" to Russian "Modern" 036 - The Catalan renaissance 03 Domestic innovation and tectonic expression 042 - The central place of Great Britain 043 - Residential reform 043 - Unifying the urban landscape 046 - The advent of reinforced concrete 053 - Concrete nationalisms 07 In search of a language: from classicism to Cubism 090 - Anglo-American classicisms 092 - German nostalgia 093 - Loos and the lure of "Western culture" 097 - Berlage and the question of proportions 100 - Cubism and cubistics 08 The Great War and its side effects 102-A triple mobilization 103 - The spread of Taylorism 103 - Commemoration and reconstruction 106 - Postwar recomposition 108 - New architects between science and propaganda 09 Expressionism in Weimar Germany and the Netherlands 110 - The Arbeitsrat fur Kunst 111 - Dynamism in architecture 117 - Hanseatic Expressionism 118 - De Klerk and the Amsterdam School 13 Architecture and revolution in Russia 162 - The shock of revolution 165 - A profession renewed 166 - The "social condensers" 171 - Polemics and rivalries 171 - The Palace of the Soviets competition 14 The architecture of social reform 176 - Modernizing cities 180 - Red Vienna 181 - The new Frankfurt 185 - Taut's housing developments in Berlin 186 - French suburbs 186 - Echoes overseas 189 - Equipping the suburbs 15 Internationalization, its networks and spectacles 190 - The journal as printed stage 191 - Model cities and open-air exhibitions, 194 - Modern architecture enters the museums 195 - The International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM) 198 - Networks of influence and historical narratives
04 American rediscovered, tall and wide 056 - Chicago in white and black 057 - Sullivan's inventions 060 - Wright and prarie architecture 063 - Wright and Europe 067 - The skyscraper migrates to New York 05 The challenge of the metropolis 070 - An explosion without precedent 071 - The planners' toolbox 071 - Town, square, and monument 076 - The idyll of the garden city 077 - Zoning for the colonies and for Europe's metropoles 06 New production, new aesthetic 082 - The AEG model in Berlin 083 - Factory as inspiration 085 - The Deutscher Werkbund 088 - Futurist mechanization 10 Return to order in Paris 124 - Purist forms and urban compositions 127 - Le Corbusier and the modern house 128 - Grand vessels in Paris and Geneva 128 - Perret and the "sovereign shelter" 129-Paris Art Deco 132 - Mallet-Stevens, or elegant modernism 136 - The extent of French modernism 11 Dada, De Stijl, and Mies: from subversiveness to elementarism 138-The Dada-blast 138 - The new forms of De Stijl 143 - Van Doesburg builds 143 - Oud and Rietveld, from furniture to house design 148 - Mies van der Rohe's theoretical projects 12 Architectural education in turmoil 152 - The Beaux-Arts and the alternatives 153 - The Weimar Bauhaus 156 - The Bauhaus in Dessau and Berlin 156 - The Vkhutemas in Moscow 161 - Innovative schools in the new and old worlds 16 Futurism and Rationalism in Fascist Italy 200 - A second Futurism 200 - Muzio and the Novecento 204 - The regime and Rationalism 207 - Terragni's geometries 208 - An ambiguous "Mediterraneanism" 209 - New territories 17 The spectrum of classicisms and traditionalisms 212 - Literal classicism 215 - Modern classicism 216 - Traditionalism and self-critical modernism 217 - Opportunism without borders 217 - Islands of coexistence 18 North American modernities 224 - Wright, the return 231 - Los Angeles - fertile ground 232 - The skyscraper reloaded 236 - Industrial products: between factory and market 238 - The New Deal's housing reform and the European immigration
\ 19 Functionalism and machine aesthetics 240 - Taylorism and architecture 241 - From ergonomics to standard dimensions 242 - Poetic functionalism: Chareau and Nelson 243 - Dynamic functionalism in France and the United States 20 Modern languages conquer the world 250 - British reticence defeated 255 - Northern European modernisms 258 - The modern as Czechoslovakia's national brand 260 - The moderns in Hungary and Poland 261 - Balkan figures 262 - Iberian modernization 264 - Japanese experiments 265"-Brazilian curves 21 Colonial experiences and new nationalisms 272 - From Arabizing to modernizing in North Africa 275 - Near Eastern and African endeavors 275 - Italian cities around the Mediterranean 277 - The modernization of Turkey and Iran 279 - Chinese pluralism 283 - Modern hegemony in Palestine 25 Le Corbusier reinvented and reinterpreted 322 - The Unite d'habitation 322 - Of palaces and houses 324 - The surprise of Ronchamp 325 - Indian adventures 326 - Invention and introspection 326 - Corbusian mannerisms 330 - Anglo-American Brutalism 334 - The saga of Brasilia 26 The shape of American hegemony 338 - The second skyscraper age 342 - Mies the American 345 - Wright's last return 346 - Research out west 349 - Gropius and Breuer: the assimilation of the Bauhaus 351 - Saarinen's lyricism and Johnson's anxiety 352 - The solitude of Kahn 353 - From experimentation to commerce 27 Repression and diffusion of modernism 358 - Seven Sisters in Moscow 359 - Socialist realism exported 359 - Khrushchev's critique 360 - Aalto's eminent position 366 - Japan's new energy 367 - Latin Americanisms 372 - Archipelagoes of invention 31 The postmodern season 412 - From nostalgia to play 413 - The "end of prohibitions" 414 - Retrieving urbanity's figures 417 - America turns postmodern 418 - The uncertain front of postmodernism 422 - The city - composition or collage? 32 From regionalism to critical internationalism 424 - Scarpa, or the rediscovery of craft 426 - Siza's poetic rigor 427 - Collective endeavor in the Ticino 431 - Moneo and Iberia 432 - Europe as a field of experience 433 - Research in South Asia 434 - Latin American personalities 434 - A critical internationalism 33 The neo-futurist optimism of high tech 438 - Beaubourg establishes a canon 439 - Composition according to Rogers 439 - Experimentation according to Piano 441 - Structure according to Foster 445 - Architects and engineers 446 - New geometries
22 Architecture of a total war 286 - Front lines and home fronts 287 - Extreme scales 288 - Air raid protection 291 - Constructive and destructive techniques 291 - Mobility and flexibility 292 - Architecture of military occupation 292 - Imagining the postwar world 294 - Converting to peace 294 - Memory and memorials 23 Tabula rasa to horror vacui: reconstruction and renaissance 298 - An American age 299 - Literal reconstruction or radical modernization? 301 - The "neighborhood unit" as model 302 - The traditionalists at work 302 - In search of a British model 303 - German debates 309 - A modernist triumph? 24 The fatal crisis of the Modern Movement, and the alternatives 310 - The Festival of Britain 312 - Italian Neorealism 314 - Planet Brazil 318 - Housing and innovation in North Africa 319 - CIAM in turmoil 320 - The end of CIAM 28 Toward new Utopias 378 - Italy: critical continuity 381 - Independent together 385 - Technology: ethos or icon? 386 - Hovering cities of indeterminacy 388 - Metabolism in Japan 388 - Megastructures and global agitation 389 - Technology and its double 29 Between elitism and populism: alternative architecture 394 - Research and technocracy 395 - Venturi's critique 396 - Grays and Whites 401 - From functionalism to advocacy planning. 30 After 1968: architecture for the city 404-1968, annus mirabilis 405 - Observing the extended city 405 - The shape of the city 408 - The input of the user 34 Architecture's outer boundaries 450 - Gehry, or the seduction of art 454 - Koolhaas, or fantastic realism 455 - Nouvel, or mystery recovered 457 - Herzog and de Meuron, or the principle of the collection 459 - Deconstructivists and rationalists 463 - Fragmentation and poetry in Japan 35 Vanishing points 469 - Strategic geographies 471 - Reinvented materials 471 - Sustainable buildings 472 - The city reborn yet threatened 473 - Landscape as horizon 473 - Hypermodern media 474 - Persistent social expectations 476 - Notes 494 - Bibliography 506 - Index 526 - Acknowledgments and credits */ ;.