PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY

2009/3 PAGES 30 38 RECEIVED 16. 2. 2009 ACCEPTED 11. 5. 2009 E. JASOVSKÁ PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY Erika Jasovská Address: Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Authority of the Slovak Republic Chlumeckého 2, P. O. Box 57, 820 12 Bratislava 212 Research field: cadastral services, cartography ABSTRACT KEY WORDS The objective of the geodesy, cartography and cadastre sector (hereinafter referred to as the Sector ) is to improve the provision of cadastral services electronically and thus ensure ready access to cadastral data. This objective will be accomplished by introducing an electronic registry system which will provide legally relevant electronic communication with external entities. The article is focused on electronic cadastral services and, subsequent to their introduction, we will define a new method for the provision of cadastral services through the integration and participation of local self-governing bodies in the real estate cadastre citizen relationship in both directions. Concurrently, we will submit a legal analysis of the current potential for the proposed solution. real estate cadastre cadastral services electronic cadastral services local government bodies 1. INTRODUCTION The real estate cadastre (REC) of the Slovak Republic forms an integrated dynamic system with complex external and internal bonds. The basic bonds and relations included in the concept of the system are defined by laws and regulations. A prompt and reliable real estate cadastre is one of the prerequisites for the due functioning of a state under the rule of law and the market economy. The aim of the geodesy, cartography and cadastre sector ( the Sector ) is to administer the latest and most valid data; therefore, the Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Authority ( the GCCA ) strives to create a reliable mechanism for updating the above data, which contributes greatly to enhancing the credibility of the REC in the eyes of the public. By making the cadastral data available on the Web via the cadastral portal ( the KaPor ), which is available to everyone free of charge as of 1 September 2007, the Sector opened itself to the public as a portal providing REC information, but at the same time it became increasingly evident that digital data are missing or that errors exist in the data administered in the real estate cadastre information system ( the RECIS ). This is an appropriate opportunity for the public to report changes in data (e.g. changes in surname, permanent residence, etc.). Electronic requests will be one of the fastest and most inexpensive methods of submitting change requests in the REC and are aimed at eliminating the need to report changes in the cadastral data in person. With regard to the informatisation of society, the Government intends to gradually introduce, enhance and provide electronic services to the public via an access point of the public administration central portal ( the PACP ) on the Internet. Each of the public administration sectors will be integrated into the e-government joint infrastructure. The attainment of this goal also directly affects the geodesy, cartography and cadastre sector, as it should take part in the development of mechanisms needed for the electronic provision of real estate cadastre services (cadastral services) to the general public, i.e., equally to the expert and general public (citizens, notaries, local administrative bodies, etc.). The latest initiative of the Sector, which has already been completed, relating to the electronic provision of RECIS data is the issuance for 30 2009 SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

legal purposes of the abstract of a title deed to authorised persons (free of charge) in compliance with Guideline P 3374/2008 of 2 June 2008, which stipulates the procedure for the issuance of electronic abstracts from the RECIS. Pursuant to Act 275/2006 Coll. on Public Administration Information Systems, the electronic abstract of the title deed, which is provided with the guaranteed electronic signature of an authorised person and a date stamp, is an electronic copy of the RECIS data. It acts as the equivalent of the document version of the title deed abstract as a public deed. 2. ELECTRONISATION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES The Sector worked towards the introduction of electronic communications with the public via the PACP by participating in Transition Facility Project 2004/016-764.08.01: Strengthening the Efficiency of Cadastral Services Technical Assistance [1]. The main outcome is the Development of an Electronic Registry and Cadastral Registration System project in which electronic services to be provided in an electronic form were defined as electronic cadastral services ( ECS ) [2]. In order to enhance the quality of REC services with regard to the introduction of ECS, we will define a new method of providing cadastral services in the form of the involvement of local administrative bodies ( LAB ) in the two-way relation of real estate cadastre citizen. The above means that the LABs should mediate in providing REC data and perform the same role when submitting requests from the public to change REC data (mediated ECS). The objective is to increase the efficacy of the provision of ECS and to reduce the time and money the public needs to invest in order to obtain REC data. In order to secure the electronisation of processes in the Sector, an extension of the current KaPor service by electronic on-line forms is being prepared within the Extension of KaPor Services by Electronic Forms project. These will make it possible to provide notice of an intended legal act. In the first phase, the form will be entitled Notification of Intended Entry into the Cadastre of Real Estate. The introduction of this service will simplify the procedure for the public, as a uniform procedure for the legal act in question will be generally available. All in all, entry into the REC will be facilitated, and suspension of the procedure due to erroneous data being recorded in the REC will be prevented. 2.1 Electronic Cadastral Services ECS will be made accessible via the PACP in order to aid the public in obtaining ready access to REC data without the need to travel and not solely via the cadastral portal where the data is only indicative. The principle of ECS is to provide, in an electronic form, the same services (inputs/outputs) to the general public that are provided direct by the District Cadastral Registries, i.e. the public will be able to obtain outputs utilizable as legal acts (as public deeds) via ECS. Unlike the cadastral portal, a charge will be made for these services and payments effected through the payment portal (integrated within the PACP). The main prerequisites for the introduction of ECS are as follows: Implementation of the multi-purpose cadastre ( MPC or ASW MPC ) and introduction of the electronic registry. Currently, the RECIS works in the Windows operating system. With regard to user software, the descriptive information is administered in W_KN (WISKN+WRKN) and the graphic information in the Kokeš and SKM graphic systems. However, in accordance with the forecast [3], this system contains many shortcomings, so the GCCA commenced construction of a new MPC information system in 2003. If it is to be launched successfully, errors in the REC data need to be eliminated. Currently, the staff of the District Cadastral Registries are extensively involved in the elimination of these errors. Ensuring legislative support for the electronic provision of cadastral services in the amendment to Act 162/1995 Coll. on the Cadastre of Real Estate and the Entry of Ownership Rights and Other Rights to Property ( the Cadastral Act ) and GCCA Ordinance 79/1996 which implements the Act on the Cadastre of Real Estate and the Entry of Ownership Rights and Other Rights to Property. Another prerequisite for the introduction of ECS is the establishment of prices for cadastral services provided electronically in Act 145/1995 Coll. on Administrative Fees and Charges. Implementation of a payment portal capable of securing on-line payments by credit card and other common methods (provided that this portal is linked to the Government s central payment portal). We have analysed the suitability of cadastral services for provision in electronic form on the basis of Article 10 of Act 145/1995 Coll. on Administrative Fees and Charges and on the basis of the quotation for surveying and cartographic activities pursuant to Act 18/1996 Coll. on Prices. We have drawn up specifications for electronic forms for cadastral services suitable to be provided as electronic cadastral services. These forms serve as a basis for electronic ECS forms. We have created them either for a single specific activity (e.g. Proposed Entry into the Cadastre of Real Estate ) or for a group of related activities provided ( Request for Data from the Cadastre of Real Estate ). Electronic cadastral services with a description of the activity PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY 31

Table 1 List of electronic cadastral services. I. II. LIST OF ELECTRONIC CADASTRAL SERVICES Title of form Application for real estate cadastre data Application for identification of plots Proposal of entry into real estate cadastre (of ownership or other right e.g. purchase agreement, deed of donation, pignorative contract, encumbrance establishment contract, etc.) Application for entry of structure into real estate cadastre Proposal of registration in real estate cadastre in particular: Written notarial certificate (public deed which confirms the title or any other right to the real estate under the law on the basis of which the entry into the cadastre is to be made certificate of inheritance, certificate based on deed, etc.); Lease agreement for plot; Other. Proposal to remove error in the real estate cadastre Application for change in cadastral data (a change in cadastral data does not affect the emergence, change or termination of titles to property, e.g. change in address, change in type of plot, etc.) Abstract of TD Activity/service/output provided Partial abstract of TD Partial abstract of TD extended by Abstract of Abstract of a register C plot Abstract of a register E plot Copy of cadastral map Copy of map with of register C plot Copy of map with of register E plot Copy of map from the documentation specified Copy from other documentation Copy of TD original Copy from LRI Abstract from LRI Written, graphic identification of plots Suspension / Cessation / Entry permitted / Entry into cadastre / Indicative abstract of TD Suspension / Cessation / Entry permitted / Entry into cadastre / Indicative abstract of TD Entry into cadastre / Indicative abstract of TD The participant in the proceedings must approve the decision, Entry into cadastre / Indicative abstract of TD Entry into cadastre / Indicative abstract of TD 32 PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY

provided (service, output) are summarised in Table 1. We have divided them into I ECS for the provision of REC data and II ECS for making changes in REC data. We have designed each specification for the electronic form as a summary of the data that have to be entered in order to be able to provide a specific service or, in the case of the specifications of electronic forms for making changes in cadastral data, a summary of the data that have to be entered in order to enable the District Cadastral Registry to make the requisite change. In order to achieve unambiguity for the request, we have provided mandatory and complementary (optional) data in the specifications for electronic forms. The Application for Real Estate Cadastre Data presented in Table 2 is an example of specifications for electronic forms which include all services defined as standard output sets abstract of title deed, partial abstract of title deed, abstract of title deed extended by valuated pedo-ecological units, abstract of valuated pedo-ecological units, abstract for a register C plot, abstract for a register E plot. The applicant is to complete the aforementioned electronic form so as to render it acceptable via the PACP for processing by the individual GCCA sections and departments. This means that as soon as the standard set of forms is chosen, it will be possible to enter the mandatory and optional data (based on the selection conditions) that will specify the applicant s request. We have also included an option to apply for a copy of the cadastral map and other maps, copies of land register inserts [4] ( LRI ) and a land register insert abstract. Specifications for electronic forms for further electronic cadastral services listed in Table 1 are provided in thesis [8]. 2.2 Integration and Participation of Local Authority Bodies in the Real Estate Cadastre Citizen Relation In the information society which is currently in development and the e-government also being developed, where information has become a strategic raw material [5], a change of mindset is required when introducing new ways of providing cadastral data and services. The introduction of ECS will enable the public to obtain information from the REC not only at the District Cadastral Registries but also at home via the PACP access point on the Internet. A basic prerequisite, however, is Internet access, which is not difficult to secure in the current information society. The situation would be different if the ECS were to be used in a comprehensive manner, as some of the services require a guaranteed electronic signature ( GES ). The question is how to provide better access to cadastral services to those members of the public (in a better way than at the District Cadastral Registries) who, for whatever reason, do not want to Fig. 2.1 Plan of methods of ECS provision. have or are not able to afford the Internet. Or how to provide better access to members of the public who do not want or are not able to get products for the generation of a GES, which will debar them from using the full scope of ECS. It would not make anysense for members of the public to buy products for the GES if the electronic service (application) requiring a GES would only be used by them on an occasional or infrequent basis (however, the GES aspect is essential in the case of notary offices, real estate agencies, local administrative bodies and other institutions). Therefore, we propose a new form of the provision of cadastral data for this sector of the public via the local authority bodies. We also propose that LABs be mediators of change requests from members of the public. This whole procedure will be performed electronically by ECS. A plan for this procedure is shown in Figure 2.1. The proposal can only be implemented if the ECS are made accessible through the PACP in the form of on-line transactions via the central electronic registry, i.e., via electronic communication. Pursuant to Act 369/1990 Coll. on Municipal Administration, in addition to attending to the overall development of a town or village, a municipality s task is also to attend to the needs of its populace, this being a prerequisite for the LAB being open to the proposed solution. In connection with this proposed solution for the integration and participation of the LABs in mediating ECS, we supplemented the analysis of the cadastral services suitability for provision as ECS with the LAB attribute, which defines whether the service in question is suitable for provision via the local administration bodies. With regard to the basic parameters for the provision of mediated ECS, which are speed and simplicity, the following ECS are suited for provision via the local administration bodies: Application for Real Estate Cadastre Data ; REC Error Removal Proposal REC Change Request PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY 33

Table 2 Application for real estate cadastre data. APPLICATION FOR REAL ESTATE CADASTRE DATA Item I apply for 1) Register See Application codes See Register codes TO BE COMPLETED BY DISTRICT CADASTRAL REGISTRY APPLICATION ACCEPTANCE Applicant: Name and surname or name of institution: Town (village): ZIP code: Street and number: Telephone number 2) : E mail: Title: More precise specifications of items 1, 2, 3 (see Application codes): To item 1: Abstract of title deed (selection condition): - title deed number (4 mandatory, 9 optional) + enable: - register C plot (5 mandatory, 9 optional) + enable: - register E plot (6 mandatory, 9 optional) + enable: - structure (3A a mandatory; 9 optional) or (3A b mandatory; 9 optional) Partial abstract of title deed (selection condition): - owner (natural person) (1 in combination with + enable: 4 mandatory), (9, date of birth optional) - owner (legal entity) (2 in combination with 4 mandatory), + enable: (9 optional) - register C plot (5 mandatory; 9 - optional) or (5 in combination with 1 mandatory; 9, date of birth - optional) or + enable: (5 in combination with 2 mandatory; 9 optional) - register E plot (6 mandatory, 9 - optional ) or (6 in combination with 1 mandatory; 9 date of birth - optional) or + enable: (6 in combination with 2 mandatory; 9 - optional) - structure ( 3A a ) in combination with 1 mandatory; 9, date of birth optional) or ( 3A a ) in combination with 2 mandatory; 9, - optional) (1 in combination with 4 mandatory), (9, date of birth optional) or (2 in combination with 4 mandatory), (9 optional) - apartment or nonresidential premises or (1 + in combination enter at least one of the following data: 3B, 3A a), 3A b) mandatory); (9, date of birth optional) or (2 + in combination enter at least one of the following data: 3B, 3A a), 3A b) - mandatory), (9 optional) Number of outputs required 4) : 34 PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY

Table 2 Application for real estate cadastre data. Abstract of (selection condition): - register C plot (5 mandatory, 9 optional) - register E plot (6 mandatory, 9 optional) Abstract for register C plot (5 mandatory, 9 optional) Abstract for register E plot (5 mandatory, 9 optional) To item 2: Copy from 5) : - cadastral map (9 - complementary, 5 - mandatory) - maps with for register C plot (9 complementary, 5 mandatory) - maps with for register E plot (9, original cadastral area - (complementary); 6 - mandatory) - maps of the specified documentation (9, original cadastral area (complementary); 6 - mandatory) - other documentation (9 - mandatory) To item 3: - Copy of TD original (4 mandatory, 9 optional) - Copy of LRI or former land cadastre (7 - mandatory; 9, original cadastral area complementary) - Abstract of LRI (7 - mandatory); (9, original cadastral area complementary) Information on the property in question or owner of the property: Mandatory data: Region: District: Town: Cadastral area: Original cadastral area3): More specific information: 1 Natural person owner or any other authorized person: Surname: Maiden name: Name: Date of birth: Title: 2 Authorised entity owner or any other authorised person: 3 A Information on structure: Name: Company registration no.: a) Structure registration number: b) Structure on plot(s) number: 3 B Information on apartment: Street number: Floor: Apartment or non-residential premises number: 4 TD number: 5 register C plot number: 6 register E plot number: 7 LRI number: 8 plot number: 9 Additional information: Type of delivery: Electronically to the applicant s address (e-mail) By mail to the applicant s address In person at the District Cadastral Registry GCCA form No.. As non-public deeds are made available on www.katasterportal.sk, this application applies only to public deeds. Abbreviations used: TD title deed REC real estate cadastre LRI land register insert valuated pedo-ecological units PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY 35

Legend: Public deeds documents used for legal acts. Plot geometric and position determination and depiction of plot in the cadastral map, in the map of the specified documentation or in the title plan with the plot number (Section 3 par. 3 of Act 162/1995 Coll. on the Cadastre of Real Estate and the Entry of Ownership Rights and Other Rights to Property). Plot number designation of plot in the cadastral map, map of the specified documentation or title plan using Arabic digits. classification and identification data expressing the quality and value of the production-ecological potential of agricultural land. Register C contains data on plots registered in the cadastral map; their boundaries are distinct. Register E contains data on plots registered in the map of the specified documentation which are merged into larger units in the cadastral map; there are legal titles established to these plots and their boundaries are not distinct. Specified documentation the most suitable current documentation or documentation registering and depicting the original properties (plots). Plots registered in LRI or the former land register plots located mainly outside of built-up areas of towns or villages which are usually joined into larger territorial units. Copy of LRI Xerox photocopy of LRI original. Abstract of LRI generated abstract from LRI per owner. 1) State what type of REC output you require according to the Application below 2) Optional data. 3) State this information only if applying for an abstract from the land register. 4) Use Arabic digits to state the number of abstracts you require. 5) If the map is digital, pictures of the map are also provided. Application Code: Id. Name of item application for: 1 Abstract of TD 2 Copy of map 3 Abstract of land register or former land cadastre Register Code: Id. Name of item - register 1 K1 Charged application 2 K2 Application free of charge 3 K3 Notarial application The following outputs are admissible for ECS: 1) members of the public obtain the ECS output only electronically on a memory medium; 2) members of the public obtain an analogue output (document) at the local (municipal) authority; 3) members of the public obtain an analogue output at the respective District Cadastral Registry (if, for instance, a copy was required from a cadastral map from an area for which no digital map exists, copies of the LRI, etc.). Legislative Aspects of the Participation of Local Administrative Bodies in the Provision of Cadastral Services If the output provided by the LAB in compliance with point 2) is to accord with the output issued by the District Cadastral Registry (for legal purposes), the analogue output which is a copy of the digital original, has to be certified by the municipality, i.e., the analogue output must correspond to the digital document with a GES in accordance with Section 4, par. 3, subpar. r) of Act 369/ 1990 Coll. on Municipal Administration and with Section 7 of Act 599/2001 Coll. on the Certification of Documents and Signatures on Documents by District Authorities and Municipalities. As for the ECS outputs, in accordance with points 1) and 3), the municipality does not certify them. As for abstracts from the REC to be provided as electronic cadastral services via the PACP, these will be public deeds which are equivalent to certified abstracts pursuant to Section 117 of GCCA Ordinance 79/1996, which implements the Act on the Cadastre of Real Estate and the Entry of Ownership Rights and Other Rights to Property. A certified abstract contains the date of issuance, the imprint of a stamp with the state emblem and the signature of an authorised member of the staff of the Cadastral Office. If the certified abstract is an electronic one, the signature of the authorised 36 PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY

staff member is provided electronically by GES. The stamp with the state emblem does not currently have an appropriate electronic equivalent, so legislative conditions need to be prepared for the generation of electronic outputs requiring such a stamp. With regard to the certification of ECS outputs (on the basis of which an electronic abstract from the REC with a GES and analogue document output is printed), this is not a certification pursuant to Section 5 of Act 599/2001 Coll. on the Certification of Documents and Signatures on Documents by District Authorities and Municipalities, where the municipality does not certify documents if these are transcriptions or abstracts from a set of descriptive information and a set of the surveying information of the cadastre of real estate. ECS outputs are certified pursuant to Section 7 of the Act in question, i.e. the correspondence of the copy of the deed to the deed as submitted is certified (the municipality certifies the deed with an attestation clause, the imprint of a round stamp with the state emblem and the signature of the certifying employee). 2.3 Notification of Intended Legal Act The project Extension of KaPor Services by Electronic Forms referred to previously includes proposals for data collection containing the notification of the intended entry into the cadastre of real estate and proposals for checking the data in the form with the data registered in the cadastral portal, so as to be able to transmit and subsequently process the respective notification at the District Cadastral Registry [6]. In order to provide this service, the thesis [8] contains draft specifications for the electronic form Notification of Intended Entry into the Cadastre of Real Estate, which forms the basis for the creation of the service s form module. We have specified the compulsory and optional data to be included in the specifications for the electronic form in order to have a precise request and in order to be able to check the data and to properly complete the electronic form. In accordance with analysis [6], once the information is transmitted, the person reporting the change performs business checks of the data in the electronic form against the cadastral portal data. Due to the weekly updating of the data and a lack of consistency in the data, these checks may be only indicative. A greater degree of topicality for the data will be achieved by a transition from updating the cadastral portal to updating by means of change files. With regard to the Notification of Intended Entry into the Cadastre of Real Estate, the data of the transferors may be entered in advance on the basis of data obtained from the cadastral portal. If, for instance, the transferor s permanent residence has changed compared with the address given in the cadastral portal, the person reporting the change will be able to request a change in the transferor s address by means of ECS. As soon as the electronic form Notification of Intended Entry into the Cadastre of Real Estate is sent and registered, it is allocated an identification number, and a PDF document is generated, which is then printed, signed and subsequently submitted to the respective District Cadastral Registry by the person reporting the change (the printed form will be appended to the entry request submitted in writing). The unique identification number allocated will serve as a reference for further processing of the notification on the part of the respective District Cadastral Registry [6]. If a party to the proceedings does not lodge an entry request within ninety days of receipt of the notification, the District Cadastral Registry will delete the notification. Legislative provisions have been designed in the amendment to the Cadastral Act and in the amendment to Act 145/1995 Coll. on Administrative Fees and Charges in part I GENERAL ADMINISTRATION, Article 11, Power of Attorney, for the purpose of rendering this service accessible. The administrative fee for a party to the proceedings has been determined as SKK 1,500 (50 Euros) if the party to the proceedings relating to the entry of a title submits the Notification of Intended Entry into the Cadastre of Real Estate electronically. Hence, the incentive for using this service for submitting the respective notification will be a reduction in the fee for entry into the REC. 3. CONCLUSION Our remit was to provide specifications for electronic forms as a basis for the generation of electronic forms for ECS and also specifications for electronic forms for notification of an intended legal act. We have created specifications for electronic forms for ECS so as to be able to comply with an applicant s request for maximum simplicity and precision in the entry data specifications. Of course, only in practice will it become apparent whether this intention meets user expectations. Developments in the area of ECS are still in the initial phase; therefore, we have chosen only those services for electronic provision as are currently enshrined in legislation or for which legislative changes could be made in the draft amendment to the Cadastral Act. An analysis of the suitability of cadastral services for their provision as ECS demonstrated that some are not suited to electronic communications. This, however, should not be regarded as set in stone with regard to the continuing development of information technologies and the ever-increasing interest on the part of society in creating the legislative conditions for electronic communications. At the outset, the ECS will be utilised predominantly by state administration and local administrative bodies, businesses, banks, PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY 37

notaries, real estate agencies and surveyors; however, it is anticipated that use will, also gradually extend to the general public. We have presented a new form of providing cadastral services on paper through local administrative bodies by using electronic cadastral services. With regard to the developing informatisation of local and regional governments, the model proposed is an initiative in defining a new strategy for the provision of cadastral services in the future. The overall solution is based on a convenient but also less expensive access to cadastral services within a centralised access (to a broad range of data provided) through integrated service points [7]. The proposed solution will significantly relieve the staff of the District Cadastral Registry of the need to process requests from members of the public on the spot, thus rendering their work more efficient. Currently, pursuant to Section 7 of Act 599/2001 Coll. on the Certification of Documents and Signatures on Documents by District Authorities and Municipalities, municipalities are authorised to certify compliance of the transcription or copy of a deed with the deed as submitted. If ECS are used to provide data from the REC and the data are provided by LABs, the analogue output of the electronic document would be certified (whatever is displayed on the monitor is equivalent to the deed in paper form). This possibility is regulated by Section 7 of Act 275/2006 Coll. on Public Administration Information Systems which, in par. 3, defines an output as a certified documentary form of an electronic transcription provided with an attestation clause. Par. a 4 sets out the option for outputs to be issued by a certifying authority, and local administrative bodies indubitably constitute such a certifying authority. Analogically, the LABs are entitled to certify the compliance of a transcript or copy of a deed with the deed as submitted if changes in the REC were made via ECS. A further solution in this area could be to have notaries as the providers of electronic cadastral services, which would ensue from their authority to certify deeds pursuant to Act 323/1992 Coll. on Notaries and Notarial Activities. On the other hand, the number of notary offices does not meet the requirement of adequate access for the citizen. Notary offices are also not able to provide the broad range of customer services that falls within the competencies of local administrative bodies. In order to be able to successfully provide electronic cadastral services and, consequently, also mediate electronic cadastral services, a Multi-Purpose Cadastre has to be implemented, the related legislation amended and the functionality of central services for the state administration (payment portal, GES) secured. The success of ECS also depends on the degree of informatisation within towns and villages. REFERENCES [1] Transition Facility Project 2004/016-764.08.01 Strengthening the Efficiency of Cadastral Services; part of the Project was also the: [2] Global Analysis. [3] GCCA internal document: Forecast of Development of the Real Estate Cadastre Information System, 2003. [4] KÚDEĽA, P.: Kataster nehnuteľností. (Real Estate Cadastre) Bratislava, SvF STU, 1991, pp. 26 27. [5] PIROH, J., FILIP, S.: E-government a priestorové údaje pri riadení štátu v krízovom manažmente, Zborník referátov: Aktuálne problémy kartografie, katastra nehnuteľností a pozemkových úprav, (E-Government and Spatial Data for the Management of the State in a Crisis, Proceedings of Current Problems of Cartography, Cadastre of Real Estate and Land Development), Bratislava, 2006, p. 124. [6] Project: Extension of KaPor Services by Electronic Forms in electronic form document: CR075DR2 Electronic forms - Phase 1 - analysis_v01.doc of 24 July 2008. [7] OPERATIONAL PROGRAMME Informatisation of Society, Government Office SR, Deputy Prime Minister for Information Society, European Matters, Human Rights and Minorities, Bratislava, 17 September 2007. [8] Jasovska, E.: Thesis: Elektronizácia služieb katastra nehnuteľností (Electronisation of Cadastral Services), Bratislava, 2008. 38 PROVISION OF CADASTRAL SERVICES ELECTRONICALLY