Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 2 History of Industrial Architecture 2. (1860) 1900-1945 Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor
Completition of the Industrial Revolution Events, processes: A stream of products Production en masse/ bulk manufacture: production belt (Henry Ford 1913) 2nd Industrial revolution Use of electricity: generator, transformator (Siemens) Spread of electric lighting and telecommunication (Edison) Safety elevator (1857 Otis) Flying New inventions: radioactivity, chemistry, biology Altering societies: Crowding, poverty, health problems, social tensions Labour movements Suffrage movements Women integration Altering countries: Wars for territories (raw material, market, labour force) Wars for repartition of the world
Shipyard, Glasgow, Clydebank 1910
Shipyard, Glasgow, Clydebank 1910
Singer sewing machine factory, Glasgow, Clydebank 1910 (5000 sewing machines daily)
Sheet workshop, round 1910
Forge with tilt-hammers, round 1910
Turbine assembly workshop, round 1910
Electrical power station, round 1910
Joiner s workshop for model fabrication, round 1910
Shipyard s drawing hall, round 1910
Iron foundry, Germany, Ruhrland, round 1910
Ford car factory, Detroit, 1917
City scene, Vienna, 1915 (development of city infrastructure)
City scene somewhere in America, round 1890
The world of the backyards
The offer: goods from home and from the colonies
Premises: (Re)invention of concrete, use of reinforced concrete (cement: Joseph Aspdin, concrete: John Smeaton 1840) Joseph Monier 1867 Francois Hennebique 1870 Outraging constructeurs Robert Maillart Eduardo Torroja Pier Luigi Nervi Felix Candela Patent of a flowerpot, Joseph Monier, 1867
Bridge at Castle of Chazelet, France, Joseph Monier, 1875
François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, 1879
François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, round 1900
François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, round 1900
Rue Franklin 25. Paris, Auguste Perret, 1902-1904
Notre Dame du Raincy, Auguste Perret, 1922-23
Notre Dame du Raincy, Auguste Perret, 1922-23
Notre Dame du Raincy, Auguste Perret, 1922-23
Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)
Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)
Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)
Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)
Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)
Robert Maillart, Giesshubel warehouse, Zurich, Switzerland, 1910
Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930
Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930
Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930
Robert Maillart: Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), 1930
The Centennial Hall (69m) (Breslau) Wrocław, Poland, Max Berg, 1911-13
Market hall (47,62 m) Algeciras (Andaluzia, Spain) Eduárdo Torroja, 1934
Grandstand of the racecourse Zarzuela, Madrid, Eduárdo Torroja, 1935
Orvieto, Italy hangar for aeroplanes 1935, (44,8x111,5m), Pier Luigi Nervi
Orbetello, Italy hangar for aeroplanes 1939, Pier Luigi Nervi
Schools of architecture Secession (the rejection of eclecticism) Austria, Germany, England, France, Spain, Hungary Otto Wagner (premise: G. Semper) the context of form and function Adolf Loos ( decoration is a sin ) Chicago school (1880-1890) Louis Sullivan and his follower Frank Lloyd Wright Detroit: Albert Kahn German Werkbund (1899- München, Darmstadt) Joseph Olbricht, Peter Behrens and followers: Ludvig Mies van der Rohe Le Corbusier Adolf Mayer Walter Gropius Hans Poelzig
De Stijl 1917 Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld Soviet constructivism 1917-1933 El Lissitzky, Leonyidov, Melnyikov BAUHAUS 1919-1933 Weimar, Dessau, Berlin Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Brauer Marcel, Molnár Farkas Le Corbusier Principles of city design, 5 points, use of reinforced concrete, Modulor
Warehouse Carsons Pirie Scott & Co Chicago, Louis Sullivan, 1904 form follows function
Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright, 1903
Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright, 1903
Larkin Company Administration Building, Buffalo (New York), Frank Lloyd Wright, 1903
Johnson Wax administration building, laboratory, Racine, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1936-39
Johnson Wax administration building, laboratory, Racine, Frank Lloyd Wright, 1936-39
Early silos of reinforced concrete, round 1900
Ingalls Building, Cincinnati (Ohio), W.P. Anderson, O. Eizner, 1903
Packard Motor Company in Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1903
Ford Highland Park Plant, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1910
Ford car factory, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1914
Ford car factory, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1914
Ford car factory, Ford Rouge plant Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1916
Ford car factory, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1924
Office building of the General Motors Cadillac place, Detroit, USA, Albert Kahn, 1919-23 The second largest office building of the world when built
Turbine factory AEG, Berlin, Peter Behrens, 1910
Turbine factory AEG, Berlin, Peter Behrens, 1910
Turbine factory AEG, Berlin, Peter Behrens, 1910
Fagus last factory, Alfeld/Leine, Germany, Walter Gropius, A. Mayer, 1911
Fagus last factory, Alfeld/Leine, Germany, Walter Gropius, A. Mayer, 1911
Fagus last factory, Alfeld/Leine, Germany, Walter Gropius, A. Mayer, 1911
The workshop building Bauhaus, Dessau, Walter Gropius, 1925
The workshop building Bauhaus, Dessau, Walter Gropius, 1925
Vitriol factory, Luban (Silesia), Hans Poelzig, 1911
Department Store Schocken, Stuttgart, Germany, Erich Mendelsohn 1926
FIAT Lingotto, Torino, (Italy) Giacomo Mattè Trucco, 1920
Tobacco factory Van Nelle, Rotterdam, Vlught and Brinkmann, 1925-31
Tobacco factory Van Nelle, Rotterdam, Vlught and Brinkmann, 1925-31
Boots Pure Drug factory, Beaston, near Nottingham, UK, Sir Owen Williams, 1932
Boots Pure Drug factory, Beaston, near Nottingham, UK, Sir Owen Williams, 1932
Willow plant of Ford, Michigan, USA, Albert Kahn, 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 alltogether, max. 34 533 workers)
sources: http://industryinform.co.uk/middleperiod.asp http://industryinform.wordpress.com/tag/industrial-architecture/ http://www.engineering-timelines.com/timelines.asp http://industryheritage.altervista.org/blog/ Thank you for your attention.