A Companion to Tudor Britain Edited by Robert Tittler and Norman Jones
A Companion to Tudor Britain
This book is dedicated to Anne K. Tittler and Lynn Langer Meeks
A Companion to Tudor Britain Edited by Robert Tittler and Norman Jones
2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Robert Tittler and Norman Jones to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to Tudor Britain / edited by Robert Tittler and Norman Jones. p. cm. (Blackwell companions to British history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-631-23618-X (alk. paper) 1. Great Britain History Tudors, 1485 1603 Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Tudor, House of Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Tittler, Robert. II. Jones, Norman L. (Norman Leslie), 1951 III. Title. IV. Series. DA315.C66 2004 941.05 dc22 2003021512 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10 on 12 pt Galliard by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall The publisher s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com
BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO BRITISH HISTORY Published in association with The Historical Association This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of the scholarship that has shaped our current understanding of British History. Each volume comprises up to forty concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The aim of each contribution is to synthesize the current state of scholarship from a variety of historical perspectives and to provide a statement on where the field is heading. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students and general readers. The Blackwell Companions to British History is a cornerstone of Blackwell s overarching Companions to History series, covering European, American, and World History. Published A Companion to Roman Britain Edited by Malcolm Todd A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages Edited by S. H. Rigby A Companion to Tudor Britain Edited by Robert Tittler and Norman Jones A Companion to Stuart Britain Edited by Barry Coward A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Britain Edited by H. T. Dickinson A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain Edited by Chris Williams A Companion to Early Twentieth-Century Britain Edited by Chris Wrigley In preparation A Companion to Britain in the Early Middle Ages Edited by Pauline Stafford A Companion to Contemporary Britain Edited by Paul Addison and Harriet Jones The Historical Association is the voice for history. Since 1906 it has been bringing together people who share an interest in, and love for the past. It aims to further the study of teaching of history at all levels. Membership is open to everyone: teacher and student, amateur and professional. Membership offers a range of journals, activities and other benefits. Full details are available from The Historical Association, 59a Kennington Park Road, London SE11 4JH, enquiry@history.org.uk, www.history.org.uk Other Blackwell History Companions include: BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO HISTORY Published A Companion to Western Historical Thought Edited by Lloyd Kramer and Sarah Maza A Companion to Gender History Edited by Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO EUROPEAN HISTORY Published A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance Edited by Guido Ruggiero A Companion to the Reformation World Edited by R. Po-chia Hsia In preparation A Companion to Europe Since 1945 Edited by Klaus Larres A Companion to Europe 1900 1945 Edited by Gordon Martel BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO AMERICAN HISTORY Published A Companion to the American Revolution Edited by Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole A Companion to 19th-Century America Edited by William L. Barney A Companion to the American South Edited by John B. Boles A Companion to American Indian History Edited by Philip J. Deloria and Neal Salisbury A Companion to American Women s History Edited by Nancy A. Hewitt A Companion to Post-1945 America Edited by Jean-Christophe Agnew and Roy Rosenzweig A Companion to the Vietnam War Edited by Marilyn B. Young and Robert Buzzanco A Companion to Colonial America Edited by Daniel Vickers A Companion to 20th-Century America Edited by Stephen J. Whitfield A Companion to the American West Edited by William Deverell A Companion to American Foreign Relations Edited by Robert D. Schulzinger A Companion to the Civil War and Reconstruction Edited by Lacy K. Ford A Companion to American Technology Edited by Carroll Pursell A Companion to African-American History Edited by Alton Hornsby BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO WORLD HISTORY In preparation A Companion to the History of the Middle East Edited by Youssef M. Choueiri
Contents List of Plates x List of Maps xi Notes on Contributors xiii Preface and Acknowledgements xvii Introduction 1 Robert Tittler and Norman Jones Part IGovernment and Politics Introduction 9 1 The Establishment of the Tudor Dynasty 13 David Grummitt 2 The Rise of the Tudor State 29 Joseph S. Block 3Elizabethan Government and Politics 44 David Dean 4The Court 61 Retha Warnicke 5 Law 77 DeLloyd J. Guth 6County Government in England 98 Steve Hindle 7Town and City Government 116 Catherine F. Patterson
viii contents 8 Centre and Periphery in the Tudor State 133 Steven G. Ellis 9 Politics and Government of Scotland 151 Jenny Wormald 10 Anglo-Scottish Relations: Security and Succession 167 Jane E. A. Dawson 11 Britain and the Wider World 182 David Potter Part II Belief Introduction 203 12 Traditional Religion 207 Ben R. McRee 13 The Dissolutions and their Aftermath 221 Peter Cunich 14 Religious Settlements 238 Norman Jones 15 Catholics and Recusants 254 William Sheils 16 The Protestant Opposition to Elizabethan Religious Reform 271 Peter Iver Kaufman 17 The Scottish Reformation 289 Michael Graham Part III People and Groups Introduction 309 18 Rural Economy and Society 311 R. W. Hoyle 19 The Urban Economy 330 Alan Dyer 20 Metropolitan London 347 Joseph P. Ward 21 Society and Social Relations in British Provincial Towns 363 Robert Tittler 22 Women in the British Isles in the Sixteenth Century 381 Anne Laurence
contents ix Part IV Culture Introduction 403 23 Senses of the Past in Tudor Britain 407 Daniel Woolf 24 Tudor Drama, Theatre and Society 430 Alexandra F. Johnston 25 Portraiture, Politics and Society 448 Robert Tittler 26 Architecture, Politics and Society 470 Malcolm Airs 27 Music, Politics and Society 492 John Milsom 28 Science and Technology 509 Lesley B. Cormack Bibliography 526 Index 563
Plates 25.1 Remigius van Leemput after Hans Holbein the Younger, Henry VII, Elizabeth of York, Henry VIII, and Jane Seymour ( The Whitehall Mural ) 1667 452 25.2 Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, Elizabeth I ( The Ditchley Portrait ) 455 25.3 Anon., James V of Scotland 457 25.4 Adrian Vanson, James VI of Scotland 458 25.5 Nicholas Hilliard, George Clifford, Third Earl of Cumberland 460 25.6 John and Joan Cooke 465 26.1 Falkland palace, Fife 475 26.2 Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire 478 26.3 Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire 479 26.4 The Triangular Lodge, Rushton, Northants 481 26.5 Claypotts castle, Angus 483 26.6 The Old Forge, Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire 485 26.7 St Columba s church, Burntisland, Fife 487 26.8 Market House, Rothwell, Northamptonshire 488
Maps 1 Physical Geography of the British Isles xviii 2 Political Divisions xix 3Towns and Trades xx
Contributors Malcolm Airs is Professor of Conservation and the Historic Environment at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Kellogg College. He was the founding president of the Institute of Historic Building Conservation and has published extensively on both architectural history and historic conservation. He is the author of The Tudor & Jacobean Coutry House (1995) and Tudor and Jacobean in the Buildings of Britain series (1982). Joseph S. Block is a professor in the Liberal Studies Department at California State Polytechnic University in Pomona, California. Currently he is serving as president of the Pacific Coast Conference on British Studies. He is the author of Factional Politics and the English Reformation, 1520 1540 (1993) and is one of the contributing-editors of State, Sovereigns and Society in Early Modern England (1998). Lesley B. Cormack is a professor in the Department of History and Classics at the University of Alberta. Her research interests include history of geography in early modern England, images of empire, and the social context of the scientific revolution. She is the author of Charting an Empire: Geography at the English Universities, 1580 1620 (1997) and has recently co-edited Making Contact: Maps, Identity, and Travel (2003). Peter Cunich lectures in European history at the University of Hong Kong. He is currently working on a financial history of the Court of Augmentations and is Director of the Monastic Database Project. He has written extensively on the dissolution of the monasteries and its aftermath. Jane E. A. Dawson is John Laing Lecturer in the History and Theology of the Reformation in the Department of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Edinburgh. She is the author of The Politics of Religion in the Age of Mary, Queen of Scots: The Earl of Argyll and the Struggle for Britain and Ireland, and editor of Campbell Letters 1559 83, as well as numerous articles on Reformation Scotland. She is presently working on a book on the creation of Protestant Scotland. David Dean, who taught at Goldsmiths College, University of London from 1983 1994, is currently Professor of History and Director of the Centre for Public History at Carleton University, Ottawa. The author of Law-Making and Society in Late Elizabethan England (1996), he has published numerous articles on Elizabethan parliaments and governance and co-edited Interest Groups and Legislation in Elizabethan Parliaments (1989), The Parliaments of Elizabethan England (1990) and Parliament and Locality,