TOD (Rail + Property Model) in Hong Kong Dr. Pawan Kumar, Associate T&CP Town & Country Planning Organization Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi E mail : pawan612@gmail.com 1
Introduction Transit Adjacent Development (TAD) Buildings in proximity to stations or transit corridors. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) -Planning and design of land use and built form along transit corridor. -Support, facilitate & prioritize PT along with walking and cycling. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) - High density mixed land use pocket designed to maximize access to PT -Area within a radius of 400-800 mt. from transit node : - such distance suitable for walking/last mile connectivity, -density spread from high(centre) to low (outward) 2
TOD and Transport Corridors i. TOD along Arterial Road, Guatemala City (Latin America) Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT): construction of taller, mixed-use buildings near large arterial roads with gradually decrease in ht. & density from arterial roads. It exhibits TOD characters. Later, it implemented along BRT corridor (Transmetro) 3
ii. TOD along BRT Corridor, Curitiba, Brazil iii. TOD along Ballston (Metro-Bus Interchange Node) Arlington,Virginia, USA 4
iv. TOD along Sky Train Corridor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 5
v. TOD along Rail Corridor, Kowloon Station, Hong Kong 90% of trips are made by public transport in Hong Kong as car ownership is very low. Railway is backbone of passenger transport system. TOD = Rail + Property Development Model 6
Railway Network in Hong Kong 7
Rail + Property Design Concept 8
Location of Rail + Property Development along MTR Corridors Mass Transit Railway (MTR) is the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong 9
Rail + Property Development Process Govt. grants property development rights of station & surrounding areas to MTR. MTR prepares Master Plans of Station & Surrounding Sites. Land premium is negotiated with Govt. on a Greenfield Basis, prior to tendering development sites *Greenfield basis = market value ignoring the presence of the railway 10
MTR acts as a single entity. Tendering & Property Packages awarded to developers through competitive bidding. In property developments, the Corporation enter into partnerships with reputable developers whereby the developers bear all development costs, including land premium and construction costs, and therefore all development risks. MTR supervises construction of projects and profit sharing either in form of percentage of profits or assets in kind. 11
Adjoining Model of TOD Example of Adjoining Model : Olympic Station, Hong Kong 12
Olympic Station Development Adjoining Development Development along corridor 13
Olympic Station Transit Oriented Development Total Land Area : 16.03 Ha. (1,60,300.00 sq. mt) Floor area of Residence+ office + Retail dev : 6,67,652.00 sq.mt (No. of sites:4 inter linked by pedestrian footbridge) No. of Residential Tower : 23 No. of residential flats : 6,764 No. of Office Towers : 04 Total Floor Area : 1,11,000 sq.mt Retail Space : 63,500 sq.mt including Shopping Centre (2 Nos.), market place (1 No.) transport interchange for Public buses, mini buses, taxi, etc (3 Nos.) Kindergarten School (1 No.): 1300 sq.mt Extensive public, Pvt. open space, recreational facilities, community facilities, 14 etc.
Integrated Rail + Property Development is cornerstone of the MTR s success in Hong Kong. MTR is both the transit authority as well as the property owner. ii. As Transit Developer: For transit development, capital cost and construction cost remains high. Even, Technological innovation may not made construction much less capital intensive or shortened time horizons for investment. As Property Owner : MTR owns right-of-way as well as surrounding properties. Such approach enterprises the value of MTR s properties and that value covers the capital costs of the MTR s rail lines. 15
MTR Network as a Whole Extensive spatial coverage, Development along current transit alignments and Location of Stations provide: 2.78 million people (over 41% of the total population) and 1.34 million workers (over 40% of total territory total along the corridor) live within 500 m of MTR stations. Further : about 43% of Housing units within 500 mt of MTR stations About 20% of the housing units lie within 200 mt of MTR station 16
High concentrations and high densities of both -population and -employment centres are associated with high MTR station ridership. MTR has 24% modal share It provides transport function for working population during morning peak hours by connecting housing areas with employment districts. 17
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Rail + Property Model indicates that: every single unit of -public housing unit and private housing units within 500 m of MTR stations account for about 1.97 and 1.62 passengers, respectively, using the station as origin on a typical day. These figures will increase for the housing units within 200 m of MTR stations. Integrated Rail + Property Development projects tend to : -generate higher property values. -premium ranges from HK$98 to HK$280 per sq. ft. gross floor area. 19
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