Sustainable Land Management based on Fast Approach Cadastral Documentation Dr. Alexander Kohli, Vice-President SWISS LAND MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION
Agenda 1. Basic Principles of Data Modeling in a Spatially Enabled Society 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 3. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Fast Approach Documentation 4. Conclusions 5. What is SWISS LAND MANAGEMENT Dr. Alexander Kohli, Switzerland, geosuisse, Delegate to Commission 8
Basic Principles of Data Modeling in a Spatially Enabled Society Public, permanent access to updated spatial information is a common good in SES/SEG (Wallace, 2007); The SES happens even without SDI s as development is fast and huge availability of spatial information; Spatial information on same topic of different sources can/must be overlaid; Distinction of information sources and legal state is crucial. Independently modeled spatial information layers in a SDI. 1. Basic Principles of Data Modeling in a Spatially Enabled Society 3
Independently modeled Information layers Law Land Code: Legal Boundaries Informal / Illegal Land Use or Tenures Public Law: Urban zoning Protection zones Indigenous Heritage etc. Graphical Cadastre Cadastre Register of Real Estate and (other) Rights an achievement of FIG Cadastre 2014 1. Basic Principles of Data Modeling in a Spatially Enabled Society 4
Spatially Enabled Society Consequences for Land and Poverty Spatial information on same topic of different sources can/must be overlaid; TRANSPARENCY Distinction of information sources and legal state is crucial. HANDLING OF MINORITY RIGHTS 1. Basic Principles of Data Modeling in a Spatially Enabled Society 5
Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled: Property and Land Rights Problems Informal Land Use and Evictions (Oath, Soroti, Uganda, 2012) Informal / illegal Construction (Bester s Camp, Durban, SA, 2011) Abandoned Property (Monrovia Beach, Liberia, 2009) 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 6
Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled: Property and Land Rights Problems Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF, 2012) asks for Documentation: 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 7
Independently modeled Information layers Law Cadastre Land Code: Legal Boundaries Informal / Illegal Land Use or Tenures Public Law: Urban zoning Protection zones Indigenous Heritage etc. Graphical Cadastre 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled Register of Real Estate and (other) Rights conflicting property boundaries and land rights. 8
Sustainable Land Management (SLM) by Risk Based Land Use Planning Not stopping but steering of development; Measures for steering (trials for stopping): legally approved land use planning with public involvement; risk based land use planning (destruction incl.); land use planning respecting public interests; Handling: - periodical extension of construction zones; - increase of density by enforcement through housing or business within gaps through value added tax?? 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 9
Urban Planning and Results like Sprawl (Sprawl and squatter evictions Cambodia, 2012) (IDP settlement Gihembe in Rwanda, 2010) (Informal Sprawl in Kabul Afghanistan, 2012) 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 10
Independently modeled Information layers Law Cadastre Land Code: Legal Boundaries Informal / Illegal Land Use or Tenures Public Law: Urban zoning Protection zones Indigenous Heritage etc. Graphical Cadastre Register of Real Estate and (other) Rights conflicting land use. 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 11
Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Public-Law-Restrictions Land use under awareness of Public-Law-Restrictions: More transparency (building code, lines of construction, forest, refuse dumps, water protection etc.); Easy access to information. Cadastre on Public Law Restrictions of Landownership Rights 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 12
Independently modeled Information layers Law Cadastre Land Code: Legal Boundaries Informal / Illegal Land Use or Tenures Public Law: Urban zoning Protection zones Indigenous Heritage etc. Graphical Cadastre Register of Real Estate and (other) Rights conflicting land use. 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 13
Minority Rights - Indigenous Heritage Paiute Aborigenes Indians Land Dispute holy Place (Bridgeport (Sydney, Paiute Australia, Indian Colony, 2010) 1973) 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled PHOTO BY: JOHM MALMIN / LOS ANGELES TIMES 14
Independently modeled Information layers Law Cadastre Land Code: Legal Boundaries Informal / Illegal Land Use or Tenures Public Law: Urban zoning Protection zones Indigenous Heritage etc. Graphical Cadastre Register of Real Estate and (other) Rights conflicting land use. 2. Experiences Information to be Documented / Modeled 15
Fast Approach Documentation (I) Sustainable Land Management in a SES must be based on updated land documentation: Call for new tools fast approach cadastre (SLTM); but why not use: FIG Cadastre 2014 use of separate layers for objects of different legal status, land holding type, informal rights etc.; Recording of all objects and rights including formal and informal rights, tenures, and holdings; Procedures to regularize and legalize tenures. 3. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Fast Approach Documentation 16
Fast Approach Documentation (II) Fast Approach Documentation of property, houses, rights, or tenures: 1. Identification and recording on satellite / orthophoto maps preliminary land title surface description on separate cadastre layer; Procedures to formalize tenures (land reform acts) based on clear documentation of spatial information. Resolution of conflicts and approval negotiation and reciprocal signing of maps by the owners / holders general public display for public approval; Documentation of changes in cadastre/registry. 3. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Fast Approach Documentation 17
Fast Approach Documentation (III) Law Land Code: Legal Boundaries Informal / Illegal Land Use or Tenures Public Law: Urban zoning Protection zones Indigenous Heritage etc. Graphical Cadastre Cadastre Register of Real Estate and (other) Rights Recording by points, poly-lines or surfaces also not only by measured parcels/areas! 3. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Fast Approach Documentation 18
Conclusions (I) Improving situation concerning Land and Poverty means: Comprehensive documentation of spatial information in one system (legal / institutional independence, platform independent data modeling, FIG Cadastre 2014 principles); Straight forward approach for documenting spatial information including rights representing the actual situation as a prerequisite; Quick and transparent procedures in place to regularize / legalize informal tenures, or illegal assets (construction or occupation). 4. Conclusions 19
Conclusions (II) Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF, 2012) LGI-1/16 RECOGNITION OF RIGHTS COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION OF RIGHTS Spatial enablement to sustainably support continuum of land rights pro poor. 4. Conclusions 20
WHAT IS SWISS LAND MANAGEMENT? Swiss Land Management is a private foundation aiming at transferring experiences of methodologies and technologies to reach the UN millennium development goals. The foundation acts as a think tank in the land related fields of development and management Our Mission Our Goals SWISS LAND MANAGEMENT s interdisciplinary team led by experienced program directors and implementing experts consists of specialists from diverse fields. SWISS LAND MANAGEMENT is convinced that development is at the base of building human and organizational capacity in order to establish local ownership of suitable processes and technologies. Sustainable land management is an essential contribution to GOOD GOVERNANCE and CONFLICT PREVENTION. www.swisslm.ch 21
Thank you for your attention Dr. Alexander Kohli, Vice-President SWISS LAND MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION alexander.kohli@bsb-partner.ch BSB + Partner, Consulting Engineers