Disciplining Modernism

Disciplining Modernism

Also by Pamela L. Caughie PASSING AND PEDAGOGY: The Dynamics of Responsibility VIRGINIA WOOLF AND POSTMODERNISM: Literature in Quest and Question of Itself VIRGINIA WOOLF IN THE AGE OF MECHANICAL REPRODUCTION (editor)

Disciplining Modernism Edited by Pamela L. Caughie

Introduction, selection and editorial matter Pamela L. Caughie 2009 Individual chapters contributors 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-23508-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-31374-7 ISBN 978-0-230-27429-7 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230274297 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09

Contents Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors vii viii ix Introduction 1 Pamela L. Caughie 1 Definitional Excursions: The Meanings of Modern/ Modernity/Modernism 11 Susan Stanford Friedman 2 Uncanny Modernism, or Analysis Interminable 33 Stephen Ross 3 Imagining World Literatures: Modernism and Comparative Literature 53 Jessica Berman 4 Taking the Detour, Finding the Rebels: Crossroads of Caribbean and Modernist Studies 71 Mary Lou Emery 5 Religion and Modernity: The Case of the Lourdes Shrine in Nineteenth-Century France 92 Suzanne K. Kaufman 6 Balzac s Golden Triangles in the Colonial Genealogies of French Modernism 109 Liz Constable 7 Modern, Moderne, and Modernistic: Le Corbusier, Thomas Wallis and the Problem of Art Deco 128 Bridget Elliott 8 Fantasies of the New Class: New Criticism, Harvard Sociology, and the Idea of the University 147 Stephen Schryer 9 Downsizing the Great Divide : A Reflexive Approach to Modernism, Disciplinarity, and Class 167 Lois Cucullu v

vi Contents 10 Lady Chatterley s Broker: Banking on Modernism 182 Jonathan Rose 11 Modernism, Economics, Anthropology 197 Glenn Willmott 12 Modernist Studies and Anthropology: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Possible Futures 210 Marc Manganaro 13 The Famished Roar of Automobiles : Modernity, the Internal Combustion Engine, and Modernism 221 Garry Leonard 14 The Mass Production of the Senses: Classical Cinema as Vernacular Modernism 242 Miriam Bratu Hansen Afterword 259 Susan Stanford Friedman Works Cited 264 Index 283

Acknowledgments The chapters in Disciplining Modernism (with the exception of Friedman s, Hansen s and Manganaro s) were written for a seminar at the 2005 conference of the Modernist Studies Association. I gratefully acknowledge permission to reprint the following as chapters: Susan Stanford Friedman, Definitional Excursions; The Meanings of Modern/ Modernity/Modernism, Modernism/modernity 8.3 (2001): 493 513; Miriam Hansen, The Mass Production of the Senses: Classical Cinema as Vernacular Modernism, published in Linda Williams and Christine Gledhill, eds., Reinventing Film Studies (London: Edward Arnold, 2000), first appeared in Modernism/modernity 6.2 (1999): 59 77. Some material written for this collection has since been published, in whole or in part, and is reprinted with permission: Stephen Schryer, Fantasies of the New Class: New Criticism, Harvard Sociology, and the Idea of the University, PMLA 122.3 (May 2007): 663 78; Jonathan Rose, Lady Chatterley s Broker: Banking on Modernism, The Common Review 6.3 (Winter 2008): 13 24; Suzanne Kaufman s essay contains material from her book Consuming Visions: Mass Culture and the Lourdes Shrine (Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2005); and, Mary Lou Emery s essay contains material from her book Modernism, the Visual, and Caribbean Literature (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge UP, 2007). I want to thank our editor at Palgrave Macmillan, Paula Kennedy, for supporting this project, and Steven Hall, Editorial Assistant, for his patient and gracious replies to an endless barrage of E-mails during the preparation of the manuscript. I am especially indebted to my graduate research assistants, Erin Holliday-Karre and Sean Labbe, for their invaluable help on preparing the manuscript for publication. Bridget Elliott would like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for their support for her research, and Jon Sarma, who helped secure copyright permissions for her plates. Lois Cucullo wishes to thank the Huntington Library and the NEH for their generous support of the research and writing of her chapter. Finally, I wish to thank Loyola University Chicago for its generous research support. We thank the following for permission to reprint illustrations: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; The Tate, London; The National Gallery of Jamaica; The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; ADAGP Paris and DACS, London; Angelo Hornak; The Estate of R. Buckminster Fuller, and, The Architectural Review. vii

Illustrations 1 Paul Poiret, (French, 1879 1944), Irudrée Dress, c.1922 4 2 Ronald Moody, Johanaan (1936) 85 3 Edna Manley, Negro Aroused (1935) 87 4 Edna Manley, Prophet (1935) 88 5 J. M. W. Turner, Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying Typhoon Coming On (1840) 89 6 Panoramic postcard of the Lourdes shrine, early twentieth century 99 7 Postcard of the basilica over the grotto, early twentieth century 100 8 Postcard of female pilgrims sipping Lourdes water, early twentieth century 101 9 Le Corbusier, Pavillon d Esprit Nouveau, exterior view (1925) 129 10 Wallis, Gilbert & Partners, Hoover Factory, Building 1, exterior view (1932) 130 11 Le Corbusier, Pavillon d Esprit Nouveau, interior view with Voisin Plan (1925) 133 12 Le Corbusier, Pavillon d Esprit Nouveau, interior view (1925) 135 13 Le Corbusier, The Decorative Art of Today, working sketches (c.1925) 137 14 William Edmeston, cartoon of Hoover Factory, Architectural Review, July 1932 138 15 Francis Picabia, Portrait d une jeune fille américaine dans l état de nudité (1915) 233 viii

Contributors Jessica Berman is an Associate Professor and Chair of English and Affiliate Associate Professor of Gender and Women s Studies at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). She is the author of Modernist Fiction, Cosmopolitanism and the Politics of Community (2001) and is currently completing a book about the relationship between ethics and politics in transnational modernism. Pamela L. Caughie is Professor and Graduate Program Director of English at Loyola University Chicago where she teaches twentieth-century literature and feminist theory. Books include Virginia Woolf and Postmodernism (1991), Passing and Pedagogy: The Dynamics of Responsibility (1999), and Virginia Woolf in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (Editor) (2000). President of the Modernist Studies Association in 2010, she is currently writing a book entitled Class Acts. Liz Constable teaches in the French department and Women and Gender Studies at the University of California-Davis. She is co-editor of Perennial Decay: The Aesthetics and Politics of Decadence (1999). She has published in various journals, including Modern Language Notes, Esprit Créateur, and South Central Review, and is currently working on a longer project on the films of French director Catherine Breillat. Lois Cucullu is Associate Professor of English at the University of Minnesota. Her essays have appeared in such journals as Novel, Differences, and Signs, and her book Expert Modernists, Matricide, and Modern Culture: Woolf, Forster, Joyce appeared in 2004. Her current book-length project examines adolescence as the apparatus par excellence for the modernist imperative faire nouveau. Bridget Elliott is Professor of Visual Arts at the University of Western Ontario where she teaches in the areas of nineteenth- and twentieth- century art history, visual culture and film studies. With Jo-Ann Wallace she is the author of Women Artists and Writers: Modernist (Im)Positionings (1994) and with Anthony Purdy, Peter Greenaway: Architecture and Allegory (1997). With Janice Helland, she has co-edited Women Artists and the Decorative Arts in the Early Modernist Era: The Gender of Ornament (2004). Mary Lou Emery is Professor of English at the University of Iowa. Her research and teaching explores intersections of British modernist, Caribbean, and postcolonial literatures. Books include Jean Rhys at World s End: Novels ix

x Contributors of Colonial and Sexual Exile (1990) and Modernism, The Visual, and Caribbean Literature (2007). Susan Stanford Friedman holds the Sally Mead Hands Bascom Professorship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and is a former chair of the English Department. Her book Mappings: Feminism and the Cultural Geographies of Encounter (1998) won the Perkins Prize for Best Book in Narrative Studies, awarded by the Society for the Study of Narrative Literature in 1999. Other publications include Penelope s Web: Gender, Modernity, H.D. s Fiction (1990), Joyce: The Return of the Repressed (1993), and Psyche Reborn: The Emergence of H.D. (l981). Miriam Bratu Hansen is Ferdinand Schevill Distinguished Service Professor in the Humanities at the University of Chicago where she teaches in the Departments of English, and Cinema and Media Studies. She is author of Babel and Babylon: Spectatorship in American Silent Film (1991) and has published numerous articles in journals such as Critical Inquiry, New German Critique, Screen, and Film Quarterly, and various collections. Suzanne K. Kaufman is Associate Professor of History at Loyola University Chicago where she teaches courses in modern European social and cultural history and modern French history. Her scholarly interests include the history of religion and popular culture and women s and gender history. She is the author of Consuming Visions: Mass Culture and the Lourdes Shrine (2005). Garry Leonard is Professor of English and Cinema Studies at the University of Toronto. He has published two books on Joyce, Reading Dubliners Again: A Lacanian Perspective (1993) and Advertising and Commodity Culture in Joyce (1998), and numerous essays on Joyce, Woolf, Sylvia Plath, and Hitchcock in journals such as Novel, American Imago, and Modern Fiction Studies. His current project is titled Cinematic Genres: Six Ways of Looking at Modernity. Marc Manganaro, formerly Pofessor of English at Rutgers University, is now Dean of Arts and Sciences at Gonzaga University. A specialist on the relations between anthropology, folklore, myth, and modern literature, criticism, and theory, his publications include: Culture 1922 (2002); Myth, Rhetoric, and the Voice of Authority: A Critique of Frazer, Eliot, Frye, and Campbell (1992); and Modernist Anthropology (Editor) (1990). Jonathan Rose is William R. Kenan Professor of History at Drew University, where he also directs the graduate program in History and Culture. He was the founding president of the Society for the History of Authorship, Reading and Publishing. His publications include A Companion to the History of the Book (with Simon Eliot, 2007), The Intellectual Life of the British Working

Contributors xi Classes (2001), and The Holocaust and the Book: Destruction and Preservation (2001). Stephen Ross is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria. He is author of Conrad and Empire (2004) as well as several articles on Conrad, Woolf, and other modernists in such journals as Modern Fiction Studies, Cultural Critique, and Canadian Literature. He has recently edited Modernism and Theory: A Critical Debate (2009). He is currently at work on a book on spectral tropes in modernist literature. Stephen Schryer, who recently completed his Ph.D. in English at the University of California-Irvine, held a Postdoctoral Fellowship in 2008 09 at Concordia University and is now assistant professor of English at the University of New Brunswick. His essay written for, and included in, this collection appeared in PMLA (May 2007). He has also published in Modern Fiction Studies. Glenn Willmott is Professor and Chair of Graduate Studies in the Department of English at Queen s University, Canada, where he teaches courses on modernism, Canadian literature, and literary theory. His recent publications include the book, Unreal Country: Modernity and the Canadian Novel in English (2002), and essays on modernism, cultural appropriation, and digital aesthetics. His current book project is entitled Abject Fetishes: Modernism and the Repression of Aboriginal Modernity.