Identity Studies in the Social Sciences Series Editors: Margaret Wetherell, Open University, UK; Valerie Hey, Sussex University, UK; and Stephen Reicher, St Andrews University, UK Editorial Board: Marta Augoustinos, University of Adelaide, Australia; Wendy Brown, University of California, Berkeley, USA; David McCrone, University of Edinburgh, UK; Angela McRobbie, Goldsmiths College, University of London, UK; Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Syracuse University, USA; Harriet B. Nielsen, University of Oslo, Norway; Ann Phoenix, Institute of Education, University of London, UK; and Mike Savage, University of Manchester, UK Titles include: Will Atkinson CLASS, INDIVIDUALIZATION AND LATE MODERNITY In Search of the Reflexive Worker John Kirk, Sylvie Contrepois and Steve Jefferys (editors) CHANGING WORK AND COMMUNITY IDENTITIES IN EUROPEAN REGIONS Perspectives on the Past and Present John Kirk and Christine Wall WORK AND IDENTITY Historical and Cultural Contexts Janice McLaughlin, Peter Phillimore and Diane Richardson (editors) CONTESTING RECOGNITION Culture, Identity and Citizenship Ben Rogaly and Becky Taylor MOVING HISTORIES OF CLASS AND COMMUNITY Identity, Place and Belonging in Contemporary England Susie Scott TOTAL INSTITUTIONS AND REINVENTED IDENTITIES Ruth Simpson, Natasha Slutskaya, Patricia Lewis and Heather Höpfl (editors) DIRTY WORK Concepts and Identities Margaret Wetherell (editor) IDENTITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY New Trends in Changing Times Margaret Wetherell (editor) THEORIZING IDENTITIES AND SOCIAL ACTION Valerie Walkerdine and Luis Jimenez (editors) GENDER, WORK AND COMMUNITY AFTER DE-INDUSTRIALIZATION A Psychosocial Approach to Affect Identity Studies in the Social Sciences Series Standing Order ISBN 978 0 230 20500 0 (Hardback) 978 0 230 20501 7 (Paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Also by Ruth Simpson MEN IN CARING OCCUPATIONS VOICE, VISIBILITY AND THE GENDERING OF ORGANIZATIONS (with P. Lewis) Also by Patricia Lewis GENDERING EMOTIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS (with R. Simpson) REVEALING AND CONCEALING GENDER AND ORGANIZATIONS (with R. Simpson) Also by Heather Höpfl CASTING THE OTHER: Maintaining Gender Inequalities in the Workplace (with B. Czarniawska) INTERPRETING THE MATERNAL ORGANIZATION (with M. Kostera)
Dirty Work Concepts and Identities Edited by Ruth Simpson Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK Natasha Slutskaya Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK Patricia Lewis Kent Business School, University of Kent, UK and Heather Höpfl Essex Business School, University of Essex, UK
Selection and editorial matter Ruth Simpson, Natasha Slutskaya, Patricia Lewis and Heather Höpfl 2012 Individual chapters their respective authors 2012 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-27713-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-32551-1 ISBN 978-0-230-39353-0 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9780230393530 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
Contents List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors vii viii 1 Introducing Dirty Work, Concepts and Identities 1 Ruth Simpson, Natasha Slutskaya, Patricia Lewis and Heather Höpfl 2 Dirty Work and Acts of Contamination 19 Heather Höpfl 3 Stains, Staining and the Ethics of Dirty Work 33 Sheena J. Vachhani 4 From High Flyer to Crook How Can We Understand the Stigmatisation of Investment Bankers during the Financial Crisis? 49 Liz Stanley and Kate Mackenzie-Davey 5 Glamour Girls, Macho Men and Everything In Between : Un/doing Gender and Dirty Work in Soho s Sex Shops 65 Melissa Tyler 6 Doing Gender in Dirty Work: Exotic Dancers Construction of Self-Enhancing Identities 91 Gina Grandy and Sharon Mavin 7 Dirty Talks and Gender Cleanliness: An Account of Identity Management Practices in Phone Sex Work 113 Giulia Selmi 8 Embracing Dirt in Nursing Matters 126 Robert McMurray 9 Dispersing of Dirt: Inscribing Bodies and Polluting Organisation 143 Paul White and Alison Pullen 10 Gendering and Embodying Dirty Work: Men Managing Taint in the Context of Nursing Care 165 Ruth Simpson, Natasha Slutskaya and Jason Hughes v
vi Contents 11 Cleaning Up? Transnational Corporate Femininity and Dirty Work in Magazine Culture 182 Elaine Swan 12 Managing Dirty Migrant Identities: Migrant Labour and the Neutralisation of Dirty Work through Moral Group Identity 203 Geraldine Lee-Treweek 13 Post-Feminism and Entrepreneurship: Interpreting Disgust in a Female Entrepreneurial Narrative 223 Patricia Lewis References 239 Index 262
Figures and Tables Figures 6.1 The heterogeneity of exotic dancers doing gender in dirty work 111 9.1 Circuiting the body 147 9.2 Syringe drivers 148 9.3 Visual representations of physiological waveforms 149 9.4 An example of an intensive care utility trolley 150 9.5 A sharps box found in each bed space 151 9.6 A typical intensive care bed space 152 Tables 6.1 Identity roles of good girls and bad girls in dirty work 108 vii
Notes on Contributors Gina Grandy is Associate Professor with the Commerce Department, Ron Joyce Centre for Business Studies at Mount Allison University, located in New Brunswick, Canada. Her research focuses on stigmatised occupations, competitive advantage, leadership, identity, organisational change and culture. She has published in Gender, Work and Organization; the Journal of Management Studies; Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal; The Learning Organization and the Journal of Strategy and Management. Heather Höpfl is Professor of Management at the University of Essex, UK. A psychologist by training, she has worked in a number of different jobs and fields, including on design with a large engineering company, as an Economics teacher in a convent grammar school, as tour manager for a theatre company and as a researcher with the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). Her research interests are in aesthetics, embodiment and ethnography. Recent publications have been on theorisation and reflection, the incarnate consciousness, women s writing and dissolute magic. Jason Hughes is Senior Lecturer in Sociology and Communications at Brunel University, UK. His current research interests include the sociology of emotions, the sociology of the body and health, sociological theory and organisational sociology. He has published in the areas of emotional labour and aesthetic labour as well as emotional intelligence and addiction. His first book, Learning to Smoke, was awarded the 2006 European Norbert Elias prize. Geraldine Lee-Treweek is Principal Lecturer in Applied Social Studies with the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University (Cheshire), UK, where she runs the MA courses in Abuse Studies and Public, Community and Voluntary Sector Studies. She is currently researching racism in schools (funded by the Big Lottery Research Programme, UK, in collaboration with the Cheshire, Halton viii
Notes on Contributors ix and Warrington Race and Equality Centre, UK) and the experiences of economic migrant communities in the UK. Patricia Lewis has been Senior Lecturer in Management at the Kent Business School, UK, since October 2007. Prior to this she worked in the Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK. Her research interests include gender and emotion, gender and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial identity and the development and evolution of enterprise culture. She has published in Gender, Work and Organization; the British Journal of Management; Human Relations; Work, Employment and Society and the Journal of Business Ethics. She is an active member of the Gender in Management Special Interest Group of the British Academy of Management (BAM), London, UK. Kate Mackenzie-Davey is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Organizational Psychology at Birkbeck, University of London, UK. Her research draws on discourse to explore the individual organisation relationship and has examined boundaries and transitions in careers, individual values and organisational politics and bullying at work. She has published in Gender, Work and Organization; thehuman Resource Management Journal and the Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Sharon Mavin is Dean of Newcastle Business School, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. She has a sustained interest in women leaders and has published widely on women in management and leadership and gender research. Her work has been published in Gender, Work and Organization; thebritish Journal of Management; Management Learning; theinternational Small Business Journal and Gender in Management: An International Journal. Robert McMurray is Senior Lecturer in Management at Durham University Business School, UK. Research interests include occupational identities, emotional labour, health care organisation, deeply processual notions of change and dirty work. Robert s research has been published in journals such as Human Relations, Organisation, Public Administration and Social Science and Medicine. Alison Pullen lives on the Gower and works at Swansea University, Wales, UK. Alison s books include Managing Identity (2006, Palgrave), Exploring Identity: Concepts and Methods (2007, Palgrave), Bits
x Notes on Contributors of Organization (2009, CBS), Organization and Identity (2006, Routledge) and Thinking Organization (2006, Routledge). Giulia Selmi holds a PhD in Sociology and Social Research from the University of Trento (Italy), where she is currently a member of the steering group of the Centre of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies and a member of RUCOLA (Research Unit on Communication, Organizational Learning and Aesthetics). Her research interests concern the social construction of sexuality and gender and embodiment in the workplace, with a special focus on the sex industry and its contemporary configurations. Ruth Simpson is Professor of Management at Brunel Business School, UK. She is member and co-founder of the Centre for Research in Emotion Work and Employment Studies (CREWES), UK, and for several years was co-editor of the International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion. Her research interests include gender and emotions as well as gender, work and careers. Natasha Slutskaya is Lecturer in Organization Studies at Brunel Business School, UK. Her research interests can be divided into two broad areas: organisational identity and creativity and embodiment, in as far as they pertain to empirical and theoretical dilemmas in the field of organisation studies. She is a member of the European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) and BAM. Liz Stanley is a consultant specialising in organisational change and employee engagement and a part-time PhD student at Birkbeck College, University of London, UK. Her research is a longitudinal, qualitative exploration of media positioning of investment bankers throughout the financial crisis and of individual bankers positioning and identity work in response to this. She has a BA in social and political science from Cambridge University, UK, and an MSc in organisational behaviour from Birkbeck, London, UK. Elaine Swan is Head of Academic Group at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. Her research interests include cultural representations of global elites in business media and magazine culture, critical visual pedagogy as well as critical whiteness and diversity studies. In 2009 Elaine published a book, Worked up Selves: Personal Development Workers, Self-Work and Therapeutic Culture (Palgrave).
Notes on Contributors xi Melissa Tyler is Reader in Management at the University of Essex, UK. Her research on emotional, aesthetic and sexualised forms of labour, on feminist organisation theory and on gender and subjectivity has been published in a range of international journals, authored and co-authored books and edited collections. Melissa s current research focuses on retail sales work in sex shops based in Soho, London, UK; on sales-service work in the children s culture industries; and on ageing and sexuality at the workplace. Sheena J. Vachhani is Lecturer in Organisation Studies at the School of Business and Economics, Swansea University, Wales, UK. Her research interests lie in understanding embodiment, difference, ethics and the feminine in organisation. She concentrates on developing visceral perspectives on organisation by critiquing and investigating the relationships between language, bodies, identities and subjectivities. She has been published in scholarly journals such as Organization, Culture and Organization and Creativity and Innovation Management. Paul White is Lecturer in the People, Organizations and Work research group of Swansea University s School of Business and Economics, UK. He has a broad interest in social, cultural and organisational theory and is currently attempting to formulate a vague understanding of what a cosmopolitics of organisation means.