The Integration of Natural and Built Environment Data

The Integration of Natural and Built Environment Data The Experience of Europe with a Focus on Denmark Prof. Stig Enemark Aalborg University, Denmark Vice-President of THE SEVENTEENT UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE FOR ASIA AND PACIFIC, BANGKOK, 18-22 SEPTEMBER 2006

The European Perspective 25 countries in the European Union Size like Australia Population about half a billion

The INSPIRE Concept The INSPIRE Concept INSPIRE is ambitious. The initiative intends to trigger the creation of a European spatial information infrastructure that delivers to the users integrated spatial information services. These services should allow the users to identify and access spatial or geographical information from a wide range of sources, from the local level to the global level, in an inter-operable way for a variety of uses. The target users of INSPIRE include policy-makers, planners and managers at European, national and local level and the citizens and their organizations. Possible services are the visualization of information layers, overlay of information from different sources, spatial and temporal analysis, etc. EU-Commission, 2004.

The INSPIRE Framework Different Policies and standards 5 cm/year ITRF93 NNR-NUVEL1A Europe is moving 3cm/ year GI Institutional GI technical framework standards Spatial Data Infrastructure Different sea levels in Europe Meteo data Fundamental and thematic GI data sets Spatial Information Services Catchments Need to create pan- European spatial data sets Land Cover eeurope : egovernement on line GIS to manage Natura2000 sites

The INSPIRE Time Schedule Time schedule for implementation: End of 2008: Implementing rules for metadata, network services, monitoring, and reporting End of 2011: Implementing rules for the use of spatial data and data sharing between public bodies End of 2013: datasets as described in the Annexes will be available End of 2014: INSPIRE will be fully operational. INSPIRE works on two parallel lines: A top-down European approach A bottom-up GI sector approach

Key European Trends and Characteristics Environmental concerns seems to be the key political driver for INSPIRE and also for National Spatial Information Infrastructures. Most European cadastres are complete and highly accurate allowing their utilization in a range of management and planning activities Most European countries have developed authoritative, government administered registers to manage people, location and land-use activities. Institutional issues seems to be the major barrier for achieving comprehensive and integrated solutions

Focus on Denmark 43,000 sq km 5 mill inhabitants One third lives in the capital area Flat country 70 % agriculture 10 % urban 7000 km coastline

Wonderful Copenhagen

Aalborg at the fjord

An Assessment of the Danish LAS based on the Land Management Paradigm

The Spatial Information Infrastructure NSC produce the cadastral map and digital topo maps 1:10,000 (TOP10DK). Available through the map service Local authorities and utilities produce large scale topo maps on demand. Available on the municipal web services Digital registers available through the public information server. Cross reference register ensures Accessibility. Geocoded addresses in combination with the central population register ensures the link between people and land.

The Public Information Server

The Public Information Server

The Map Service

The Map Service

Buildings are not in the Cadastre They are registered in the Building and Housing Register The Web-Cadastre

The Planning Information Service

County Administration Web Service Showing the various land-use restrictions

The Municipal Web Service Different kind of maps, plans, and GIS analysis

The Service Oriented IT Architecture Users: All kind User services: Self services collect and organise data from different sources for specific purposes Case systems design and support the processes in government administration Common services: Information services support the distribution of data Administrative services secure the process of access to and updating of the data Data services: Provide functionality For distribution and administration Data: Official (authentic) governmental Registers and map databases Quality, authenticity, and actuality Flexibility and accessibility Standardisation

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Silkeborgvej 3gg øgelvej 40 a 3.50m Fre dskov "ah" 8,00m 13.00m Brabrand Skovvej 8.00m Edithsvej -179-165 Edithsvej -183-178 -164-567 -168 5.00m -260-014 Sigridsvej -083 5. 00m -182-177 5.00m -587 11.00m 5. 00m 5.00m Brabrand Skov vej Gudru Property Value in million DDK -372-586 -585 5.00m -571 5. 00m -176 < ½ ½ - 1 1-2 2-5 5-10 10-55 55-183

Land-Use Planning Decentralised Responsibility National planning The Minister establishes the overall framework through guidelines and directives Regional plans The 12 regions revise their regional plans every 4th. year Local plans More than 30.000 plans have been prepared since 1977 Municipal plans The 275 municipalities revise their plans every 4th. year Framework control: Planning at lower levels must not contradict planning decision at higher levels.

Integrated Land-Use Management The system ensures that undesirable development does not occur; and that desirable development is in line with the land-use regulations for sustainable development. However, the system can not ensure that desirable development actually happens at the right place and the right time.

. www.ddl.org/thedanishway

Challenges and New Initiatives Challenges and Barriers No overall Land Policy? No national policy for the Spatial Data Infrastructure? Implementation of e-government? Merging of the Cadastre and The Land Book? 3-D and Marine Cadastre? New initiatives The ICT architecture The Land Book The Property Concept The Cadastral map The Multipurpose Cadastre Implementation of the new administrative reform The Property Concept?

The Service Oriented IT Architecture This is the big issue that will drive the development of the LAS with regard to both policies, institutions and administrative processes

The Land Book The Land Book was digitised by 1997. The new project: Digitisation of the of archives Adjustment of procedures to better reflect the ICT opportunities. On-line registration based on standard forms. The organisation will change: Closing down the local land registries Establishing one national land registry authority New Model? Titles registered in the cadastre Easements registered at the cadastral map Mortgage registered through the financial sector

The Property Concept The property concept is a legal term defined slightly different in the various land acts (cadastre, land book, and valuation). There is a need to find a common term that should also accommodate other types of properties and complex commodities

The Accuracy of the Cadastral Map A call for the educated use of the map There is a need to improve the accuracy of the cadastral maps (by upgrading) to obtain better consistency with the large scale topographic maps.

The Multipurpose Cadastre Should the cadastre host the land-use regulations? Today: Yes In the future: No! Currently, the cadastre is hosting a few land-use regulations such as the coastal protection zone, the dunes protection zone, and soil contaminated areas. From a legal as well as an administrative point view this is very problematic. In the future, using the service oriented IT- architecture, the cadastre will still be the basic (authentic) layer of registration. But the registration will be the responsibility of the various governmental authorities. This, again, calls for an educated use of the map to ensure consistency between the cadastral information and land-use restrictions.

Land Information and Land-Use Planning - new administrative structure The new administrative reform by 1 January 2007. 275 municipalities 100 > 30,000 14 counties 5 Land-use responsibilities moves from The 15 counties to the new 100 municipalities Where and how does the knowledge and information bases move? It is all politically decided, but nobody really knows how to deal with it

Final Remarks The objective of this presentation is to present the European perspective in terms of the INSPIRE initiative - and to analyse the Danish LAS in terms of being an ICT enabled system for sustainable development. It can be concluded that the systems works well in support of sustainable development through en efficient land market and effective land-use management. The property layer is well integrated for asset management and the planning control system is well tailored for an decentralised and integrated approach to land-use management. The Land Information Infrastructure and the institutional arrangements need continuous attention to be adapted to ITC developments. The general awareness of the land management area as a coherent whole could still be improved.

The Danish Way - bridging the gaps Thanks for your attention