5 cm/year ITRF93 NNR-NUVEL1A The Integration of Natural and Built Environment Data The Experience of Europe with a Focus on Denmark Prof. Stig Enemark Aalborg University, Denmark Vice-President of The European Perspective 25 countries in the European Union Size like Australia Population about half a billion THE SEVENTEENT UNITED NATIONS REGIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE FOR ASIA AND PACIFIC, BANGKOK, 18-22 SEPTEMBER 2006 The INSPIRE Concept The INSPIRE Framework The INSPIRE Concept INSPIRE is ambitious. The initiative intends to trigger the creation of a European spatial information infrastructure that delivers to the users integrated spatial information services. These services should allow the users to identify and access spatial or geographical information from a wide range of sources, from the local level to the global level, in an inter-operable way for a variety of uses. The target users of INSPIRE include policy-makers, planners and managers at European, national and local level and the citizens and their organizations. Possible services are the visualization of information layers, overlay of information from different sources, spatial and temporal analysis, etc. Different Policies and standards Catchments Meteo data GI Institutional GI technical framework standards Spatial Data Infrastructure Fundamental Spatial and thematic Information GI data sets Services Different sea levels in Europe Europe is moving 3cm/ year EU-Commission, 2004. Need to create pan- European spatial data sets Land Cover GIS to manage Natura2000 sites eeurope : egovernement on line The INSPIRE Time Schedule Key European Trends and Characteristics Time schedule for implementation: End of 2008: Implementing rules for metadata, network services, monitoring, and reporting End of 2011: Implementing rules for the use of spatial data and data sharing between public bodies End of 2013: datasets as described in the Annexes will be available End of 2014: INSPIRE will be fully operational. INSPIRE works on two parallel lines: A top-down European approach A bottom-up GI sector approach Environmental concerns seems to be the key political driver for INSPIRE and also for National Spatial Information Infrastructures. Most European cadastres are complete and highly accurate allowing their utilization in a range of management and planning activities Most European countries have developed authoritative, government administered registers to manage people, location and land-use activities. Institutional issues seems to be the major barrier for achieving comprehensive and integrated solutions 1
Focus on Denmark Wonderful Copenhagen 43,000 sq km 5 mill inhabitants One third lives in the capital area Flat country 70 % agriculture 10 % urban 7000 km coastline Aalborg at the fjord An Assessment of the Danish LAS based on the Land Management Paradigm The Spatial Information Infrastructure The Public Information Server NSC produce the cadastral map and digital topo maps 1:10,000 (TOP10DK). Available through the map service Local authorities and utilities produce large scale topo maps on demand. Available on the municipal web services Digital registers available through the public information server. Cross reference register ensures Accessibility. Geocoded addresses in combination with the central population register ensures the link between people and land. 2
The Public Information Server The Map Service The Map Service The Web-Cadastre Buildings are not in the Cadastre They are registered in the Building and Housing Register The Planning Information Service County Administration Web Service Showing the various land-use restrictions 3
1ac 1d c 1c n 6c -153 1aø 6b c 1af 1co 11ch 1bl 1c u 1ad 1d z 1cv 1bæ 1cd 1h 1dx 6be 1aæ 1æ 1ae 6bd 1ck 11ca 11bø 1du 1a z 1m 6bf 4ci 1a v 1cy -154-345 14e cl 1r 14bs 1g 1cæ 1cø 1da 1db 1dh 1v 1au -259 11cv cy 1eh 1at 3eg 3ed 3ef 1fo -411 14ay 1eø 3ee 1v 1a s 7.5 0m 14 bi 14di 14dh 11ce 3ec 14 bb 1cz 1e y 1ap 14be -344 8ei 3dø 3ea 3eb 14gp 3dæ 11cf 8d ø 1m 3b 11da 11cz -413 "f" 1bh 1be 1bd 3d y 3d z "ag" 1b k 1a y 1bf 14dg 8dt 3du 11cn 11cr 1fs 1bg "m" 3ds 3e l 3dt 11br 11bs 11bp 11bq 1bi 14ct 3dx 11cs 11bo 14dc 11b l 11bm 11bn 8dk 11co 3d v 11cm 1p 1q 1r 1s 1t 1u 5a 1o 1n -586 1f 14df 11bk 11bt 3.0 0m 11c p 11ct S ilkebor gvej 3dl -585 3dm 8e k 3dn 3do 3dp 3dr -019-018 14cz 11cø 11bi -070-087 11cq -084-017 -086 1hi -571-085 -015 21h d 40f -016 1g ø 1ha 40 c 40d a 40y 11bf b 11az 3gf 8be 11ar f g i 1g 1hb 1hc cp 3dh 8ae 3fa 8r 1b s 40 x 1hd 1he 3gæ 40h h 11dø 3di 11dæ cq 18u 40 z 1bn 1hf 1hg 40g 40 v 3dg r 3gø 10ba 21ah 40æ 1a 21 ag n Fr edsko v 1hm 21 ai k 12a 1fa 8x 52f æ 40q 18t t 52 b 1i 40b 52a 1h k 6a 52d Gellerup By, Brabrand 21ak u 8q 9au 9at 1g y v 3df a 21ag 40 1hh 1by 40p 18i 16bo 1gæ 1g z 3d k r 4h 1l 40m s -566 11dn 1bø e 5bd 18q 21g 12bp 1e l 12bz12h 10gm -167 1eq 1e v 3ø p l q 9s 9u 5cy 1ac 10f 9e 1d c 5cf 1c n 6c -153 1aø 9y 1cf 6bc 40n 9a c 5i 5ig 1af 1c o 11ch o 9ah -181 5c n 1c a m 1bl k 9æ 5ih 1c u 1ad 1dz 1bæ 1h 6be 1aæ 1cv 1c d 1æ 1dx -162 5cx 1ae 6bd -161 9ad 9z 5ik -180 1ce 9ae 9ag 1cl 1ck 11ca 11 bø 5c q 5ii 5k 1dk 1du 1a z 1m 6bf 9t 5co ci 1av 1cy -154 16 aø 5f 9af 14e -345 5cp 1de 40t l 1r z 40 k 5ci 14 bs 1g 1cæ 1cø 1da 1db 1dh 1v 1au -259 40s 16fe -166 3e v 1cø 3ey 16fg 5ck 1cv 11cv -163 y 1eh 1at 3eg 3gd 16eæ 3ed 3ef 1fo -411 14ay 3a y 7dx 7g 1eø 3ee 1a s 1v 7.50m 3ge 1b y 14bi 14di 3gc 7c g 14dh 11ce 3gb 9x 1dp 1e y 3e c 1ap 7c h 3ga 3g x 14 b b 1cz 14be -344 8ei 3dø 3ea 3eb 14gp 40u 1dp 29m 11du 3fø 9ab 9ø 6h 3dæ 11cf 6d 6e 9aa 7eb 6f 8dø 1m 11cz -413 40i 6c 3b 11da "f" 29q 1bh 1be 1bd 3d y 3d z "ag" 1bk 1ay 1bf 7e c 14dg 8dt 3du 11cn 11cr 1fs 1bg "m" 3ds 3e l 11b s 6i 3dt 11br 11bp 11bq 1bi 14 ct 3dx 11cs 11b l 11bo 14dc 11bm 11bn 8dk 11co 3d v 11cm 1p 1q 1r 1s 1t 1u 5a 1o 1n -586 1f 1.50m 14df 11bk 11bt 3.00m 11 c p 11ct Silkeborgvej 3dl -585 8ek 3dm 3dn 3do 3dp 3dr -019-018 14cz 11cø 11b i -070-087 11cq -084-017 -086 1hi -571-085 -015 21h d 40f -016 1g ø 1ha 40 c 40d a 40y 11bf b 11az 3gf 3dh 8ae 8be 11ar f g i 1g 1hb 1hc c p 3fa 8r 1b s 40 x 3gæ 1hd 1he 40h h 11dø 11dæ cq 18u 40z 3di 1bn 1hf 1hg 40g 40v 3dg 3gø 10ba 21ah 40æ 21a i 1a 21 ag n 1hm 12a 1fa 8x 52f æ 40q 18t t 52 b 1i 40b 52d 52a 1hk 6a Gellerup By, Brabrand 21ak u 8q 9au 9at 1g y v 3df a 21ag 40 1hh 1by 40p 18i 16bo 1gæ 1g z 3dk r 4h 1l 40m s -566 11dn 1bø e 5bd 18q 21g 12bp 1el 12 bz12h 10gm -167 1eq 1ev p l 3ø q 9s 9u 5cy 10f 9e 5cf 9y 1cf 40n 9ac 5i 5ig o 9ah -181 5c n 1c a m k 9æ 5ih 5cx -161-162 9ad 9z 5ik -180 1c e 9ae 9ag 5c q 5ii 1cl 5k 1dk 9t 5c o 9af 16a ø 5f 5c p 1de 40t z 40k 5ci 40s 16fe -166 3e v 1cø 3ey 16fg 5ck 1cv -163 3gd 16eæ 3ay 7dx 7g 3ge 1b y 3g c 7c g 3gb 9x 1dp 7c h 3ga 3gx 40u 1dp 29m 11du 3fø 9ab 9ø 6h 6d 6e 9aa 7eb 6f 40i 6c 29q Tyttebærvej 8eh 8ef 8ee 8dæ 8 eg 8ed 8dz 8dy 8dx 8ds 8dr 8dq 8dp 8di 8dh 8dg 8dv 8df 8do 8du 8de 8ec 8eb 8ea 8dn 8dm 8dl 1.5 0m 8dd 8dc 8db 10.00m 1.5 0m 8 ac 8ci 8ck 8c l 8cm 8cn 8co 8cp 8cq 8cr 8cs 8ct 8cy 8cz 8cu 8 cæ 8cv 8c x 8cø 8da 3 gl 3gk 3 gi 3 gu 3gv 3 go 3gp 3 gt 3g s 3gn 3gm 3gr 3gq 3gh Si lkeborgvej 3gg 3.50m "ah" 8,00m 8.0 0m Edithsvej -179-16 5 E dithsve j -183-178 -164-567 - 16 8-260 -258-014 -083-182 -177-587 1 1.00m Tytt ebæ rvej Brabra nd Skovvej -372 Gudru 5.0 0m -176 7.00m 8eh 8ef 8ee 8dæ 8eg 8 ed 8dz 8dy 8dx 8ds 8dr 8dq 8dp 8di 8dh 8dg 8dv 8df 8do 8du 8de 8ec 8eb 8ea 8dn 8dm 8dl 1.5 0m 8dd 8dc 8db 10.00m 8a c 8ci 8ck 8c l 8cm 8cn 8co 8cp 8cq 8cr 8cs 8c t 8cy 8cz 8cu 8 cæ 8cv 8c x 8cø 8da 3gu 3g v 3gt 3gs 3gn 3g m 3gr 3gq 3 gh Silkeb org ve j 3gg 3.50m Fre dskov "ah" 8,00m 7e c Fre dskov 8.00m 6i Ediths vej -179-165 Edithsvej -183-178 -164-567 -168-260 -258-014 -182-177 -083-587 1 1.00m Brabra nd Skovv ej -372 Gu dru 5.0 0m -176 7.00m The Municipal Web Service Different kind of maps, plans, and GIS analysis The Service Oriented IT Architecture Users: All kind User services: Self services collect and organise data from different sources for specific purposes Case systems design and support the processes in government administration Common services: Information services support the distribution of data Administrative services secure the process of access to and updating of the data Data services: Provide functionality For distribution and administration Data: Official (authentic) governmental Registers and map databases Quality, authenticity, and actuality Flexibility and accessibility Standardisation Land Valuation and Taxation Land-Use Planning Decentralised Responsibility Land Value per sq.m. 11. 00-12.00m Fuglsangsvej Røgelvej 13.00m 11bæ 11bz11by 1 11bv 11bu Brabrand Skovvej The Values are generated automatically on the basis of recorded sales prices - plus a human factor. Freds kov Sigridsvej 1ao 1an 1aq 1ar 1a x 11.00-12.00m Land Value in DKK per sq.m. > - 100 100-300 300-400 400-600 600-1200 Property Value Fuglsangsvej 3gp 3 gl 3gk 3go 3gi Land and property valuation is carried out by the municipal authorities. øgelvej 13.00m 11bæ 11bz11by 1 11bv 11bu Brabrand Skovvej Fr edskov Sigridsvej 1ao 1an 1aq 1ar 1a x Property Value in million DDK < ½ ½ - 1 1-2 2-5 5-10 10-55 55-183 National planning The Minister establishes the overall framework through guidelines and directives Local plans More than 30.000 plans have been prepared since 1977 Regional plans The 12 regions revise their regional plans every 4th. year Municipal plans The 275 municipalities revise their plans every 4th. year Framework control: Planning at lower levels must not contradict planning decision at higher levels. Integrated Land-Use Management www.ddl.org/thedanishway The system ensures that undesirable development does not occur; and that desirable development is in line with the land-use regulations for sustainable development. However, the system can not ensure that desirable development actually happens at the right place and the right time.. 4
Challenges and New Initiatives The Service Oriented IT Architecture Challenges and Barriers No overall Land Policy? No national policy for the Spatial Data Infrastructure? Implementation of e-government? Merging of the Cadastre and The Land Book? 3-D and Marine Cadastre? The Property Concept? New initiatives The ICT architecture The Land Book The Property Concept The Cadastral map The Multipurpose Cadastre Implementation of the new administrative reform This is the big issue that will drive the development of the LAS with regard to both policies, institutions and administrative processes The Land Book The Property Concept The Land Book was digitised by 1997. The new project: Digitisation of the of archives Adjustment of procedures to better reflect the ICT opportunities. On-line registration based on standard forms. The organisation will change: Closing down the local land registries Establishing one national land registry authority New Model? Titles registered in the cadastre Easements registered at the cadastral map Mortgage registered through the financial sector The property concept is a legal term defined slightly different in the various land acts (cadastre, land book, and valuation). There is a need to find a common term that should also accommodate other types of properties and complex commodities The Accuracy of the Cadastral Map A call for the educated use of the map Should the cadastre host the land-use regulations? Today: Yes In the future: No! The Multipurpose Cadastre Currently, the cadastre is hosting a few land-use regulations such as the coastal protection zone, the dunes protection zone, and soil contaminated areas. From a legal as well as an administrative point view this is very problematic. In the future, using the service oriented IT- architecture, the cadastre will still be the basic (authentic) layer of registration. But the registration will be the responsibility of the various governmental authorities. There is a need to improve the accuracy of the cadastral maps (by upgrading) to obtain better consistency with the large scale topographic maps. This, again, calls for an educated use of the map to ensure consistency between the cadastral information and land-use restrictions. 5
Land Information and Land-Use Planning - new administrative structure The new administrative reform by 1 January 2007. 275 municipalities 100 > 30,000 14 counties 5 Land-use responsibilities moves from The 15 counties to the new 100 municipalities Where and how does the knowledge and information bases move? It is all politically decided, but nobody really knows how to deal with it Final Remarks The objective of this presentation is to present the European perspective in terms of the INSPIRE initiative - and to analyse the Danish LAS in terms of being an ICT enabled system for sustainable development. It can be concluded that the systems works well in support of sustainable development through en efficient land market and effective land-use management. The property layer is well integrated for asset management and the planning control system is well tailored for an decentralised and integrated approach to land-use management. The Land Information Infrastructure and the institutional arrangements need continuous attention to be adapted to ITC developments. The general awareness of the land management area as a coherent whole could still be improved. The Danish Way - bridging the gaps Thanks for your attention 6