1 Title: CADASTRAL MAPS AND GIS FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KOSOVA Name and surname: E-mail: Organization: Conference Theme: Prof. Dr. sc. Murat MEHA mmeha@yahoo.com Kosovo Cadastral Agency Prishtina, Kosovo 5- Digital Cartography and GIS for Sustainable Development of Territory Abstract The advanced systems allowed well combination between medial maps and GIS represents with higher progress in analysis and environment data use. GIS is very useful tool in analysis geographical, spatial, cadastral and land market data. Than accurate data with their visualization create a new approach. Therefore countries in development and/or in transition as it is Kosovo have not approach in the high level of information technology use has a higher request for cadastral maps and GIS. Project will present the achievements in last 5 years when had started production of digital cadastral maps and GIS in Kosovo. Clear reflection of technology trends in this issue with incorporation of vision making visualization and rise of digital mapping there were established conditions for services in level of time requests. Main words: CIS, GIS, accuracy, economic development. 1. INTRODUCTION In the beginning of 2000 International authority in Kosova UNMIK (United Nation Mission in Kosova) organized experts group through Kosova Cadastral Support Program (KCSP) to do reconstruction of cadastre. That time began the work on reconstruction of cadastre and preparation for implementing the Digital Land Cadastre. Most of cadastral maps and records were missing during the war period in Kosova till 1999. There are three important stages. The first stage was the situation review after the conflict, consequences of the conflict, registration of remaining documentation and compilation of the program of cadastral system reconstruction. The second stage was oriented towards the professional training of local staff through training, seminaries and study visits planned. Then equipment supply Municipal Cadastral office, drafting the regulations or the legal framework, in the meantime preparatory works have been carried out on cadastre reconstruction scanning maps and establishment of the reference network in territory of Kosovo. The most important for Kosovo s situation where the aerial photography of the territory of Kosovo. The third stage of the programme activities was undoubtedly the concrete work in cadastre reconstruction, like digitization of cadastral maps, establishment of the Immoveable Property Rights Register (IPRR) and an Action Plan related to Land Administration Policy. It is still early to fully eliminate the conflict consequences, while Kosovo needs the establishment of a Cadastre Information System, which would provide a huge support in Kosovo s economic development. Than the purpose of digitalization of cadastral maps was how to achieve the same accuracy as the source maps. That was one of challenges because maps were so old and deformed, but request for that data are in increase. This has created many obscurities in relation to immoveable properties of Kosovo citizens, and for different socially owned enterprises as well. This is in direction respectively in creating the conditions for advancement of such a system, which would establish the conditions for coordination with European and world trends.
2 2. DATA AND APPROACH TO CADASTRAL MAPS Requests for GIS and different maps are rising in our society. Cadastral data are part of geographic information have developed to a new tool for decision making and very important for political economical and legal decisions. Map of whatever medial form it understands not even as technique equipment but also as additional part of culture and national achievements in general, that means that their values is increasing. GIS in Kosova is very useful tool in analysis geographical, spatial and cadastral data. Therefore countries in development and/or in transition as it is Kosovo that have not approach in the high level of information technology use has a higher request for cadastral maps and GIS First approach was transformation from cadastral (analogue) maps in vector data. That was find out a lot of errors that had existed for a long time in analog maps. Such errors will stay as unidentified without maps vectorization. Developing a database is the more important step for economic development, urban strategic development, environment plan and the other plans after recent war in Kosovo. These are based on: - Digital cadastral maps on topology, geometry and attributes data structures - On ortophotos and digital model of area - On the other data in GIS and LIS established for cadastre. Providing data with cadastral maps and GIS for Kosovo territory for public and private institutions enable real possibility to make questions: - What trends are in the World, how we to follow them? - What we need for the moment? - What is our vision for the future? - Which is trend and vision for stable economy development The other processes in economy such as privatization, transactions and mine definitively are based on GIS and cadastral maps. Database and model establish with software as Geomedia Professional, Geospro, Arc View etc. enabled attractive visualization of environment around us. 3. THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE GIS AND DIGITAL CADASTRAL MAPS Cadastral Information System (CIS), GIS and maps now are systems for all territory of Kosova. It is known that there can be other kinds of data out of above mentioned systems based on any local system from different activities. If we can call awareness it is growing at national level about the needs for quality geo-referenced information to support understanding of the complexity and interactions between human activities and environmental pressures and impacts. GIS and CIS (Cadastral Information System) in general are complementary to related policy of land administration and spatial planning. These data sources allow the users to identify and access cadastral, geographical or spatial information from a wide range of sources, from the local level to the global level, in an inter-operable way for a variety of uses [1]. Possible services are the visualization of information layers. Last four years the implementation of digital mapping has substantially increased the creative potential of users all over Kosova. Through GIS we included integration of vector and raster, georeferencing, made corrections and adjustment. That increases efficiency and improves the accuracy of decision making. As it is mentioned above the main purpose of digitalization of cadastral maps were to achieve the same accuracy as the source maps. For a wide variety of LIS & GIS applications and related technologies, was settled conditions and controls for the accuracy on vectorization. These are: - Control of geometry maps, - Limited error for vectorized points - Limited error in compare of area with textual base - Data transformation in new coordinate system KOSOVAREF01 More than 4 years is working in largest database accepted just outcomes based on quality above settled conditions. 3.1. ERRORS TO THE POSITIONAL VECTORIZED POINTS Several smaller error sources to the positional errors of a polygonal and trigonometric points reading from the map and points that limitation parcels area is based on standard deviation ( ). Limited errors in those cases are differences of coordinates among reading values from vectorized cadastral maps and real values of the same points taken from catalogue. Based on standard deviation and maximal error [3], [4], according the formula:
3 max. = 3 where max - max. limited error standard deviation continuation in table 1. there are given the allowed values for vectorzed points in cadastral maps according scales their quality and quantity is different as it is shown in fig.1. Table 1. Scale max. 1:500 cm 24.0 cm 1:1000 0 cm 48.0 cm 1:2500 0 cm 96.0 cm Fig. 1. Challenges during vectorised cadastral maps 3.2. LIMITED ERROR IN COMPARE OF AREA WITH TEXTUAL BASE Textual base of cadastral data is legal base for parcels area as private, public or social property. Limited error for vectorized parcels area is calculated according the formula in table 2. Therefore each parcel area that extends maximal value should be countercheck and to be evidenced for further development. Table 2. Map scale max. 1:500 0.2 Area 1:1000 0.4 Area 1:2500 1.0 Area
4 But in such cases in the moment when those data has to be intercommunicated with land information system preliminary it is done transformation and modeling in new system. Fig. 2. Vectorised Kosovo and some structure data of LIS Data structures see fig.2. and their use from GIS and LIS in Kosovo is from three mentioned types as follow: - Textual - Graphic - Raster (Image) In those data there is presented structure of attribute, topology and geometry for Kosovo territory with : Good quality of data Good visualisation and comparison of data Good services for institutions, privates and others Price based on existing domestic economy.fast and easy distributable data to everyone Lack of cadastral, geographic and environment data in Kosovo after 1999 and rapid changes in area had crated difficulties on projects realization, even if traditionally number of users for cadastral maps in past was more less and different only in some issues. Now in general this is more different because every project made in Kosovo is in intercommunication with physic area and there are requested data from GIS and LIS. 4. IMPROVEMENT GIS AND MAPS THROUGH KOSOVO CADATRAL AGENCY The Kosovo Cadastral Agency [2] is responsible and competent for the organization, coordination and the overall supervision of cadastre activities and also make decision for the use CIS and other cadastral documentation. The impact of GIS on traditional map production [5] and utilization required using Software s and hardware s for production and receiving cadastral and other data from the last update-last technology, because amount of these data is higher and higher. KCA providing their products see fig. 3. and services according standards made easier and enable dynamism between planning and development: - Environment protection and comprehensive control - Strategic environment planning and development - Rational use of natural resources - Harmonization of activities for excess obstacles in planning. - Harmonization of activities with Kosovo Trust Agency for privatization of social properties
5 Fig. 3. Thematic map for different purposes. Economical, social, and environmental sustainable development and good planning can be achieved with good land administration infrastructure based on GIS&LIS. These have to integrate and bridge the gap between policy makers, administrator s scientists and current situation on the field. 5. SUMMARY Users of GIS and Cadastral Information System today are very various practically everyone who works to physical space wants to use those data. In the process, the new technology massively in our country changed the nature of thinking and solving issues through GIS&LIS. Since the publication of the GIS&LIS data and digital othophotos, where were shown benefits, all institutions and privates started to belive on new data and technology, what was not before. The quality data and records of the property ensure their optimal use with quality decision making, using suitable methods giving data with intensive updating and required acquire has create and also will create sustainable conditions for economic development of Kosova. In practice these data are combined with the field measurements and their visualization than they are very comfortable for use. Impact of these data in economic development are so higher particularly in transition countries, as it is Kosova. Literature: [1] KCA, GIS 2003.: Report of vectorization Kosovo Cadastral Agency, Prishtina. [2] KCA, 2004.: Aerial photogrametry of Kosova. [3]Meha, M. 1994.: Gjeodezia dhe matjet në miniera, Tekst universitar. Universiteti i Prishtinës, Prishtinë. [4] Meha, M. 1999: Analysis of the Accuracy of Cadastral Plans on the Formation of Digital Basis of, Fetai J. Kabashi, I. Cadastre in Kosova Third Turkish-German Joint Geodetic Days. Istanbul. [5] Onkallo, P.. 2003. Building Spatial Data Infrastructure in Kosovo UN / ECE.WPLA and FIG Meha,M Jashari, B Com3&Com7 Workshop on Spatial. Information Management. (SIM) for Sustainable Real Estate Market-Best Practice Guidelines on Nation-wide Land Administration, Athens, Greece, May 28-31, 2003 [6]Meha, M. 2004.: Land Consolidation in Kosovo. GIM International, The world wide Magazine for Geomatics, November 2004 Volume 18.
6 Prof. Dr. sc. Murat MEHA, was born on 1956 in village Prekaz i Ulet, Skenderaj. In 1980 he had graduated in Faculty of Geodesy in Zagreb (Croatia), than in 1988 he has got Master degree in Geodesy in the same Faculty. While in 1999 he has got Phd in Geodesy in Polytechnic University in Tirana. He had started as a Head of survey measurements in metallurgical enterprise Ferronikeli Drenas. He was Professor in Geodetic Secondary School, since 1988 as Assistant and than as Professor in Prishtina University (Faculty of Mining and Metallurgy, Faculty of Natural Mathematic Sciences, Faculty of Construction and Architecture - Geodesy Department, Prof of Cartography in University of Tetova- Macedonia). Since 2003 he was elected as Chief of Executive Office in Kosovo Cadastral Agency. In his leading there were developed a lot of successful projects in Kosovo Cadastral Agency and one of the most important project is Immovable Property Right Register (IPRR) and during 2004 project for Aerial Photogrametry of whole Kosovo territory. Scientific professional activities of Mr. Murat Meha are in the high level in region and abroad. Till now he had published two university books, one book translation, and some school geographic atlases, more than 60 science professional projects for Survey, Mapping and Cadastre Issue (80% of them in international editions). Most of those projects can be found in Internet. Active participation in international associations and different institutions for Survey, Cadastre and Land Administration as in: FIG, EuroGeographic, WPLA, CELKCenter ICC etc.