INDEX Accise,97 Accuulation of capital, 64-65, 84-85, 94-95, 115-116 Act of Navigation, 11 Advances, 73, 76, 126, 160 annual, XXIII, lo3, lo9 in agriculture, 66, 71, 172-173 in iron industry, 149-150 in anufacturing, 69-70 original, 103 origin of, 66, 116-117 see also Capital Aguesseau, Cote de, 1 Aide, 97 Alebert, J. L. R. d', XIV, XV Angelescue, D., XII Appreciative value, 144, 147-148 see also Value Aquinas, St. Thoas, 155 Aristotle, 155 Arnouville, M. Machault de, 23 Ashley, W. J., X, XIX, 62, 89, 95 Auguillon, Duc de, 35 Baden, Carl Friedrich von, 164 Balance of Trade, attack on, 28 Banalite des oulins, 180 Barbier, XXIX Bastiat, X Batbie, XVIII Baudeau, Abbe N., 165 Bentha, J., XXIX Bertin, Controleur-General, XXI, XXII, 96 Bills, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 150 Blervache, Sion Cliquot de, 33 Blondel, Me, XXVIII Boh-Bawerk, E. von, XXIX-XXX Boisguilbert, P. Ie P. de, lo4 Bonaparte, Napoleon, XX, llo Burton, J. H., XXII Butel-Duont, 9, 33 Caillard, M., XXI correspondence with Turgot, XII, XVIII, XXI, XXXII, 76, 78 Cannan, E., 16 Cantillon, R., XII Capital, XVIII, XXVII, 2, 29, 30, 56, 69-70, 76, 88-89, 103, 149, 172-173 eployents of, 69-70, 71, 73-74, 77,85-86,87,116-117 see also accuulation of capital, advances Cavour, X Chevalier, M., X Child, Sir Josiah, XIV, 22, 33, 38 New Discourse of Trade, XIII, 9-12 Cice, I' Abbe de, XI, 1 Class analysis, 45, 46, 49-50, 70-71, 72, 90-94, 123-124 Cobden, R., X Colbert, J. B., 40, 110 Coerce, science of, 11, 21, 22 Coparative advantage, XXXIII Copetition, XIV, 14, 15, 16,29,30,32, 187 Condorcet, Marquis de, XXI, XXIX Vie de M. Turgot, x, XI, XVI, XXIX, XXXIII Corporations, XXI, 12, 24
190 INDEX Corvee, 97 in grain, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, 10, 171, Credit, XXVII, XXVIII, 2-3, 5, 149-150 174, 176 Culpeper, Sir Thoas, 9, 33 in iron industry, XXXIII, 188 in loan arket, 162 Dakin, D., IX, XI, XIII, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, 34, 97 Davenant, Charles, 26 Debaseent of oney, 4 Diderot, XV, 14 Diinishing returns, XXIV Distribution theory, XXV, XXXII Division of labour, 44-46, 64 Droits de enage et de peage, 180 Du Pont de Neours, P. S., XIII, XV, XXIX, XXX, XXXII, 1, 164-165 correspondence with Turgot, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXIII, XXIV, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, 14, 50, 52, 67, 73, 78, 83, 164, 165 Meoires sur la vie... de Turgot, XI, XXVI, XXXIII Du Tot, XII, I, 2 Edgeworth, F. Y., XXIV Eloge de Gournay, X, XVI-XVII, XXXIV, 18, 20--42, 98 Encyc!opedie, XIV-XV, XVIII, XXVI, XXXIV, 14, 16, 17, 125, 174 Epheerides du Citoyen, XIX, XXVIII, XXXV, 52-53, 56, 75, 76, 77, 89, 93 Equilibriu, xxiv, 87,175-176 Estee value, 139-140, 143-144 see also value Exchange theory, XXVI, 43-44, 57-58, 141-143, 147-148 Exchange value, XXV, 4, 103, 128 see also value Fairs, XVI, 14, 16-19 Fairs and Markets, XIV-XV, XXXIV, 14-19, 125, 129 Faure, E., IX Foncin, P., IX Fondation, X, XV Forbonnais, F. V. de, 17, 33 Freedo, of trade, 26, 32, 165-166 to work, 29, 127 Free trade, XIV, XVI, XXVIII, XXXII, 16, 28,36, 124, 177, 183 Galiani, I' Abbe F., Della Moneta, XXV, 140, 154 Dialogues sur Ie coerce des bleds, XXX, 165, 187 Gee, Joshua, XIII Geoffrin, Me Marie, 20 Gold and silver, 5, 56, 62-64, 118-119 Goudar, Ange, 33 Gournay, Vincent de, XIII, XIV, xv as translator of Child, XIII, 9-13, 18 Turgot's acquaintance with, XIII, XIV see also Eloge de Gournay Gouttes, Abbe J. L., XXIX, 149 Grande culture, 55-56, 72, 107, 108, 111 Graslin, J. J. L., XXIII, XXIV-XXV, XXVI, 110, 123, 140 Essai analytique, 123-125, 127-129, 131-132, 140 Hanotaux, P., 8 Hanse towns, 29 Hayek, F. A. von, xxx Hecht, Jacqueline, XXXIV Heckscher, E. F., 16,24 Hennings, K., xxx Henry IV, King of France, 126, 182 Herbert, C. J., 29 Higgs, H., Bibliography of Econoics, XXIX, XXXII, 165 Hoarding, XXIV, 9, 69 Hodgson, W. B., IX, XVIII Houdon, XXI Hughes, Gustave d', IX Hue, David, XII, 100 correspondence with Turgot, XXII-XXIII, XXIV Essays, XIV, 100 History of England, 107 Turgot's alleged translation of, XIV Interest, XII, XIV, XXVII, XXVIII, 2, 3, 10, II, 30, 56, 77-81, 87-88, 149-163 as price of capital, 113
Interest (contd) and profits, 153-154 deterined by supply and deand, 1I, 81, 153-154, 161 effects of high, 9, 29 legal regulation of, 113-114, 151-152 theological arguents on, XIX, XXVIII, II, 78-79, 80-81, 155-160 Jaucourt, 17 Johnson, Sauel, 16 Knies, K., XXIX, 164 Ko and Yang, XVIII Labour, productive and unproductive, xxv see also class analysis Laissezlaire, IX, X, XVII, XXVIII, XXXIII Origin of, 40 Land, division of, 43-44 ownership of, 47-48 value of, 67-68, 72 Land tax, XXI, XXII, 104, 106 see also taxes Laverdy, Controleur-General, xxx Law, John, XII, 3 his financial syste, I, 2, 4, 147 Money and Trade Considered, 2, 3, 4,5,7 Law of gravity, 21 Laws of nature, 21 Laws of returns, 111-113 Legendre, F., 40 Lespinasse, Mile de, XXX, 165 Le Trosne, G. F., 165 Letter on Marque de fers, x, XXIX, XXXIII-XXXIV, 16, 182-188 Letter on Paper Money, x, XI-XIII, XXXIV, 1-8, 147 Letters on the Grain Trade, XXX-XXXIII, XXXIV-XXXV, 46, 65, 127, 164-181, 187 Liberty, 29, 30, 183 see also freedo, free trade Locke, John, XII, 4, 1I, 47 Louis XIV, King of France, 110 Louis XVI, King of France, IX, 22 Luke, gospel of, 78, 80, 159 INDEX 191 Lundberg, I. C., XIX, XXI, XXXV, 44 Luxury, 9, 29, 84-85, 168 McCulloch, J. R., X Maitrisse des boulangers, 180 Markets, XVI, 14-15, 130-131 see also fairs Marking, of coodities, 12, 16, 27, 182-188 Marontel, J. F., XVI, 20, 29 Marshall, A., xxx Maurepas, J. F. R., Cote de, 22, 23 Measure of value, XXVI, 4, 58-59, 140 see also value Meek, R. L., X, XXXIV Turgot on Progress, x, XVIII, XX, XXI, XXXVI Melon, J. F., XII Merayage, 54-55 Mirabeau, V. de R., Cote de, 108, 123, 164 Ai des hoes, 123 Philosophie rurale, XXII, XXIII, 106, 1I8, 123 Theorie de I'ipOt, XXII, 106, 107, 108, 123 Mizuta, H., XXVI Money, XII, XXIV, XXVI, 3,4, 11,59-60, 60-61, 133-136 circulation of, 7, 9, 75-76, 95, 115-122, 128, 153 value of, XXVII, 81-84 see also gold and silver, quantity theory, paper oney Money of account, XXVII, 134-135 Monopoly, 25, 183, 184 Monroe, A. E., 140, 154, 155 Montesquieu, C. S. de, L 'Esprit des Lois, XII, 152, 159 Lettres persanes, XII Morellet, I' Abbe de, XXVI-XXVII, XXX, 165 Dictionaire de coerce, XXVI-XXVII, 133 Meoires de, XIV, XV, XXVI Turgot's correspondence with, XXX, 165 Morley, J., IX Moses, II, 159 Moveable wealth, 65-66, 67, 94 see also advances, capital
192 INDEX Natural liberty, 26 see also freedo, free trade, liberty Net product, xxv, 48-49,71, 102-103, 126, 127, 169 Net revenue, 28 Neyark, A., x, XVIII Notes on the translation of Child, XIII-XIV, XXXIV, 9-13, 29, 31 Grains, 29, 103, 125 Hoes, 117 Ipot, XV, 102, 103, 104, 108, 114 Interet de l'argent, xv Maxies generales, 103 Philosophie rurale, XXIII, 103, 106 Tableau econoique, XVII, XXIII, 89 Questions sur Ie Chine, XVII-XVIII Observations on Graslin, XXIV-XXV, 46, 110, 123-132, 140 Observations on Saint-Peravy, XXIII-XXIV, 109-122, 126 Oncken, A., 40 Origin of towns, 15-16 Pal grave, Dictionary of Political Econoy, 33, 35,40 Paper oney, 3-4, 5 see also oney Paper on Lending at Interest, XIX, XXVII-XXIX, XXXIII, XXXIV, 80, 149-163 Piiris-Duverney, J., XII / Peel, Robert, X Physiocrats, XX, XXIII, xxv Pinto, Isaac de, 168 Plan d'un ouvrage sur Ie coerce, XIII Plan for a Paper on Taxation, XXI-XXII, 96-108 Police, 16 Pothier, R. J., 157 Price, XXX, XXXII, 15, 26, 145-146, 175-176,178-179 of grain, l70-l71, 176 see also value Privileges, 16, 17 Profit, 2, 9, 10, 14, 26, 29, 69-70, 74, 76, 80, 87, 94, 115, 149-150, 153-154, 168, 170, 171, 174, 187 Quantity theory of oney, XII, 4, 5-7, 81-84 Quesnay, F., X, XIII, XIV, XXII, 72, 102, 103, 110, 1I7, 1I8 Analyse du forule aritherique, 103, 109 Dialogue sur Ie coerce, 118 Explication, 103 Ferier, 17, 103, 125, 174 Rejlections on the Foration... of Wealth, X, XI, XVII-XXI, XXV, XXVI, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXII, 43-95, 153, 155, 156 1788 edition, XX, XXXV, 62, 74, 75, 77, 78, 92 tirage-a-part, XVII, XX, XXXV, 62, 75, 76, 77, 78, 92 Rentes constituees, I Rentier, 9, 113 Revenue, XXII, XXV, 3, 8, 18, 27, 30, 48-49, 50, 56, 98, 102-104, 123, 124-125, 166-167, 17l Ricardo, D., X Risk, 26, 154, 161 Riviere, Mercier de la, 1I4 Roberts, H. van Dyke, 104 Robineau, G., XIX Rossi, P. L. E., X Rousseau, J. J., 17, 97 Saint-Maur, Dupre de, 174 Saint-Peravy, G. de, XXIII, XXIV, 109-110, 126 Meoire sur... l'ipot indirect, 109-110, 113-115 Saving-investent analysis, XXIV, 95, 121-122 Say, J. B., X, xx Say, Leon, XV Say's Law, XIV Schelle, G., XIII, XVII, XXXV-XXXVI Pourquoi les Rejlexions..., XIX, XX, 50 Preiers travaux econoiques..., XI Turgot, XI Vincent de Gournay, XIII, XV, XVII, 20,40 Schupeter, J. A., XVIII, XXIV See, H., 12 Self interest, 16, 25-26, 29, 40, 187 Shepherd, R. P., IX
INDEX 193 Silhouette, M. de, Controleur-General, Tull, Jethro, III 37 Turgot, A. R. J. Slavery, 51-53, 60, 67, 160 and Ada Sith, X, XVlII, XXVI, 95 Sith, A., x, XVlII, XXVI, 16, 95 and Gournay, XIII, XVI-XVII Suggling, 29, 30, 31, 114-115 and Morellet, XXVI-XXVII Specie echanis, 118-119 and Quesnay, X, XlII Stark, W., XXIX as econoist, X-XI Stephens, W. W., IX, X, XVI, XXXIV as contributor to Encyc/opedie, XIV, Sully, M. Ie duc de, 126 XV, XVlII, XXVI, 14 as translator, XIV, xv Tail/e, 30, 99, 106, 108 Tariffs, 30 Taxation, XII, XXI, XXV, 7, 17, 93, 96-108 Direct, XXII, 97-99 Indirect, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, 97-98, 100-102, 110 Taxes, 10, 16, 17, 18, 129-132 and disposable wealth, 124-125 and inflationary finance, 7 as obstacles to industry, 30 on consuption, 97-99, 114-115, 132, 167 on house rent, XXlII, 114 on interest, 113-114 on luxury goods, XXlII, 114-115, 132 paid by landowner, 31, 169 see also accise, aide, corvee, landtax, tail/e, vingtiee Tax-far, XXIV, 30-31, 115-116 Terrasson, l'abbe J., XII Lettres sur Ie nouveau systee..., I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Terray, I' Abbe, Controleur-General, XXXI-XXXlII, 16, 164-165 Tirage-d-part, see Reflections on the Foration... of Wealth Tithe, 93, 104-105 Tocqueville, A. de, 180 Tolls, 17 Thrift, 9, 69, 84-85, 94, 160 Trudaine, D. C., XIII, 33 Trudaine, J. C., XIII, 33 Tucker, Josiah, XlII, XIV, XVlII, XXXII, 171 Usury, II, 149-150, 160 see also interest Utrecht, Treaty of, 23 Value, XXV, XXVI, 21, 57-58, 120, 124-125, 136-139 and tie, XXVII, 155-157, 158-159 see also appreciative value, estee value, exchange value, price Value and Money, x, XXV-XXVII, 133-148, 156 Vattierlle, E., XXIV Vauban, S. Ie Prestre de, XXII, 104 Verduc, C., 37 Veri, l'abbe de, I, 22 Vigreux, P. B., XII, XXVI Villebarre, M. J. de, 23 Vingtiee, 106, 107 Virgil, XXI Voltaire, F. M. A. de, XV, XXI, 168 Siecle de Louis XIV, 2, 68 Wages, XXV, 45-46, 65, 104, 126-127, 131,167-168,170,171,175-176, 177,178-179 Wages fund, 174 Wealth, 5, 21, 27, 28, 88-89, 123, 172 definition of, XIII, xxv disposable, 91-94, 125 Turgot's piece on, XIX, 43-95 Wicksell, K., xxx Wit, Johan de, 22, 38 Yoakawa, Y., XXIV
APPENDIX
Notes to Appendix: Concordance to various editions oj the Reflections Because the Reflections is the work by Turgot ost frequently referred to by coentators who have used the variety of editions in which this work was published over the last two hundred years, a concordance of the present edition of the Reflections with other frequently used editions will be found useful. This is all the ore useful because the nubering of the sections of the Reflections is not unifor in these editions: for exaple, section 38 of the present edition is the equivalent of section 40 (XL) in the widely used Daire edition. In order of their appearance, the following editions have been included in the concordance: (1) the tirage-a-part, prepared for Turgot by Du Pont de Neours in 1770; (2) the version printed by Du Pont de Neours in the Epheerides du Citoyen in serial for in the issues of Noveber and Deceber, 1769 and January, 1770; (3) the edition published in 1788, fro which the present translation has been ade; (4) the 1793 English translation, as reprinted in J. R. McCulloch (editor), A Select Collection oj Scarce and Valuable Econoical Tracts, published in 1859; (5) the version included by Du Pont in his edition of Oeuvres de Turgot, Vol. V; (6) the Du Pont version reprinted by E. Daire in his edition of Oeuvres de Turgot, Vol. I, published in 1844; (7) the Ashley translation published in the Macillan reprints of Econoic Classics series in 1898; (8) the version published by G. Schelle in his edition of Oeuvres de Turgot, Vol. II. The first colun indicates the section nubering of the present edition together with the opening words of the section title. For each of the above-entioned editions, the following inforation is provided: (i) the nuber under which that section appears in that edition; (ii) the nuber of paragraphs contained in the section in that edition; (iii) the page reference to the section in that edition. For the version printed in the Epheerides, there is a fourth colun which indicates the part of the journal in which the section appeared, Parts I, II, III referring to Noveber, Deceber 1769 and January 1770 respectively. An asterisk behind the page reference to the version printed in Du Pont's edition of Oeuvres de Turgot indicates that Du Pont inserted a note to that section written by hiself.
APPENDIX-A CONCORDANCE TO VARIOUS EDITIONS OF THE REFLECTIONS " "'" ;0 " '" "'" " W " "' LXXXVII "" LXXXIII W LXXXIX XC XC< XClt ~ XClII XCIV XC'V XCVI XCVII XCVlII '00 " '" "" c