Ralph Hammann Creative Engineering, Architecture, and Technology A DOM publishers
Acknowledgements 8 Preface 10 Thomas Herzog, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany 10 Gerhard Hausladen, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany 11 Christian Bartenbach, Bartenbach Lichtlabor, Aldrans, Austria 12 Winfried Heusler, Schuco International KG, Bielefeld, Germany 14 Manfred Hegger, Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany 22 Rudiger Detzer, Imtech, Hamburg, Germany 24 Joachim Stoll, Georg-Simon-Ohm University of Applied Sciences, 26 Nurnberg, Germany Introduction 30 Engineering Competence in a Changing World, Klaus Daniels, Professor Emeritus, former Chair of Building Systems, Swiss Institute of Technology (ETH) 1 Framework Conditions 39 1.1 Germany: Leader in Sustainable, Low-Energy Technology 40 Research and Applications 1.2 Political Framework: Ascendance of the Green Party's 42 "Die Grunen" 1.3 Legislation in Regards to Energy Consumption, Building 43 Construction, and Ecology in Germany 1.4 Subsidies: Tax Incentives and Other Supportive Government 47 Programs 1.5 Comparison with North America 49 2 Beginning Change 51 2.1 "Limits to Growth," The Club of Rome, 1972 52 2.2 Engineering Solutions by HL Technik as a Response to 53 the Energy Crises I, in 1973, and II, in 1978 2.2.1 The Conventional Approach: Fully Sealed, Air-Conditioned, 53 Large, Open-Plan Office Floors Example: DEVK Insurance Group, Cologne 2.2.2 The "Modified "Conventional Approach with Narrow, Day-lit 56 "European" Floor Plates Example: Rheinisch-Westfalischer Immobilienfonds (RWI), 57 Dusseldorf, 1974(1970-1974) 2.2.3 The "Scientific "and Analytical Approach 58 Example: Swiss Credit Institution, Zurich, Switzerland. Schweizerische Kreditanstalt Zurich 3 Re-Orientation as a Result of Awareness of a World 61 of Limited Resources 3.1 Large Halls, Atria, Winter Gardens: Introducing, Thermal, 62 Low-Energy-Flow Buffers as Energy Savers 3.1.1 Dresdner Bank AG Dusseldorf, 1985, Architects: Kraemer, 64 Sieverts Partner KSP 3.1.2 Tchibo Holding AG Administration Center CN2, Hamburg, 1988, 70 Architects: Burgin, Nissen, Wentzlaff
3.1.3 DAK Insurance, Administration Building, Hamburg, 1991, 76 Architects: Pysall Stahrenberg Partners 3.1.4 Galleria Office Complex Opfikon, Zurich, Switzerland, 80 Architects: Gerber-Nauer, with Burckhardt Partners, Honegger + Klaus 3.1.5 Exhibition Hall 26, Hanover, International Hanover Trade Fair, 82 Hanover, Architects: Thomas Herzog Partners 3.1.6 Central Train Station, Leipzig 86 3.1.7 High-Speed Train Terminal Fernbahnhof Deutsche Bahn AG, 88 International Airport Frankfurt 3.1.8 Museum of Hamburg History, Hamburg, Architects: gmp 90 Architekten von Gerkan, Marg und Partner 3.1.9 Exhibition Hall Leipzig, Architects: gmp 93 Architekten von Gerkan, Marg und Partner 3.2 Medium-to-Heavy Thermal-Storage-Mass Concepts 98 3.2.1 Europaische Investitionsbank, Luxembourg, 1980(1976-1980), 99 Architect: Sir Denys Lasdun Partners, London UK 3.2.2 AWK Koblenz, 1982, Architect: Struhk Partners 102 3.2.3 HL Technik AG, Corporate Offices, Administration Building, Mu- 106 nich, 1989, Architect: Ralph Hammann, REH, Munich, Germany 3.3 Double-Skin Facade Solutions (DSF): Thermal and Pressure Conditions in Tall-Building Envelopes 112 3.3.1 Commerzbank Frankfurt, 1994, Architect: Sir Norman Foster Partners, London UK 113 3.3.2 DLZ Stern, Essen 1995, Architect: Ingenhoven Overdieck, Dusseldorf, Germany 120 3.3.3 Landesbank Hessen und Thuringen (now: Main Tower), Frankfurt, 1996, Schweger 125 Partners, Hamburg, Germany 3.3.4 EWHA Womens, University Seoul, 2007, Architect: Dominique Perrault DPA, Paris, France 134 3.3.5 Westhafen Tower Frankf./Main, 2000, Architects: Schneider Schumacher, Frankfurt, Germany 142 3.4 Natural Ventilation Concepts: Thermal Buoyancy 3.4.1 Spiegel News Magazine, Administration Building, Hamburg, 148 1997, Architect: Friedrich 148 3.4.2 De Montfort University, Leicester, Architect: Peake Short Partners 3.4.3 BMW Pavillion am Lehnbachplatz, Munchen, Architect: Sep Ruf 153 3.4.4 Uptown Munich (O 2 Munchen), Architect: Ingenhoven, Overdiek 156 & Partner, Dusseldorf, Germany 158 3.5 Buildings under Glass: Low-Energy Flow and Ventilation Concepts 162 3.5.1 Continuing Education Center "Mont Cenis", Herne, 1998, Architects: Jourda Perraudin, with HHS 163 3.5.2 State Chancellery Building of Bavaria, Munich, Bayerische Staatskanzlei Munchen, Architects: Siegert, Munich 170 3.5.3 DVG Headquarters, Hanover, 1999, Architect: Hascher, Jehle with Heinle, Wischer Partners 174 3.5.4 Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Munich, Herz Jesu Kirche Munchen, Architects: Allmann, Sattler 178
3.5.5 Kunsthaus Graz, Austria, 180 Architects: Peter Cook, Colin Fournier, London UK 3.6 Building Design and Technology in Extreme Climates 184 3.6.1 European Space Agency (ESO), Cerro Paranal, Chile, 2001, 184 Architect: Auer-Weber Associates 3.6.2 Antarctica Station, GB (D.Phil. Klaus Peter, HL-Engineering 188 Partner) 4 Ten Selected Architectural Competitions and Studies 195 4.1 Deutscher Reichstag, Berlin, 196 Architect: Santiago Calatrava (Second Place) 4.2 Icade Tower, van Santen & Associates, 200 Architect: Pysall, Stahrenberg Partners PSP 4.3 Integrated Light-Weight Disaster Shelter, 208 Architect: Ralph Hammann 4.4 Samsung Global Engineering Headquarter, Seoul, Korea + EDF 218 Forschungszentrum, Architect: Dominique Perrault, LEED Consultant: Ralph Hammann (Third Place) 4.5 Performing Arts Center, Abu Dhabi, Renzo Piano 226 (Proposal) 4.6 Phare Tower La Defense, Jaques Ferrier (Third Place) 232 4.7 Green Gorgon Art Museum Lausanne, Francois Roche, Lavaux, 244 Navarro (Proposal) 4.8 Mariinsky Theater, St. Petersburg, Russia, 246 Architect: Dominique Perrault DPA (Proposal) 4.9 Sheikh Zayed Knowledge Center, Abu Dhabi. 250 Architect: Sn0hetta AS, Oslo 4.10 Central Train Station Stuttgart 21, Ingenhoven Architects, 254 (First Place) 5 Teaching Technology: The Education of Future Engineers 257 and Architects 5.1 International Recognition: 1st Place, U.S. Department of Energy 258 (DOE) "Solar Decathlon" Competition 2008 5.2 Sustained Success: 1st Place, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 264 "Solar Decathlon" Competition 2010 5.3 Sustainability: Remarks Concerning an Over-used Term 266 5.4 Integrating Technology Education at Schools of 267 Architecture
6 Future Design 271 6.1 Concepts and Focus Areas 272 6.2 Materials, Embedded Energy, and Climate Change 278 6.3 Goals 279 6.4 New vs. Old: New Uses for Existing Buildings 280 6.5 Adaptable Building Skins 288 6.6 Adaptable Building Infrastructure 288 6.7 Resource Availability 289 6.8 The "2-Degree Scenario" 290 6.9 Architectural Building Design 292 6.10 Energy Supply 294 6.11 Hydro Energy 295 6.12 Combined Algae-Fish Plants (CAFP) 296 6.13 Food Production of the Future 302 6.14 Governing Factors 310 6.15 Architecture of Combined Algae-Fish Plants (CAFP) 316 Conclusion 322 Ten Convictions for Future Work Contributors 326 Credits 328 Bibliography 329 Selective index 332