From LADM/STDM to a spatially enabled society: a vision for 2025 Harry UITERMARK, Peter VAN OOSTEROM, Jaap ZEVENBERGEN and Christiaan LEMMEN
Introduction (1) Presentation is a coproduction Founding fathers of LADM: Christiaan Lemmen (Dutch Cadastre/ITC) Peter van Oosterom (Delft University) Jaap Zevenbergen (ITC) Why am I here? Editor of the LADM/ISO project team Geomatics background (Dutch Cadastre) Detached to ITC since 2008
Introduction (2) ITC is a faculty of University of Twente ITC mission: development and transfer of knowledge in geoinformation science and earth observation ITC is associated to the United Nations University (UNU) a joint programme on capacity building in land administration: School for Land Administration Studies
Introduction (3) Gerard Kuster
Introduction (4) LADM Draft International Standard/International Standard in 2011 (ISO 19152) Based on Cadastre 2014 STDM Based on LADM Presented at FIG Conference this month The continuous thread The push from ICT developments, the pull from better governance (especially more transparency) Key word: Standardization
Introduction (5) The notion of a spatially enabled society Coined by Centre for SDI and LA, Department of Geomatics, University of Melbourne, Australia All information is organized around location and available to everybody Comparable to OGC s mission: the integration of electronic location resources into commercial and institutional processes worldwide
Overview 1. Introduction 2. Land Administration Domain Model 3. STDM 4. ICT developments 5. Conclusion
LADM (1) LA_Party LA_RRR LA_SpatialUnit LA_BAUnit Two goals: 1. Blueprint for building Land Administration systems. 2. Basis for communication (an LA terminology). Five basic components: 1. Persons and organizations ( Parties ). 2. Rights, restrictions and responsibilities ( RRR s ). 3. Parcels, buildings and networks ( Spatial Units ) 4. Surveying ( Spatial Sources ). 5. Geometry and Mapping ( Spatial Representations ).
LADM (2) LA_Party LA_RRR LA_SpatialUnit LA_BAUnit Flexible and extensible components: 1. Parties -> many kind of groups: E.g. families, tribes, cooperations or communities. 2. RRR s -> many rights and social tenure relationships: Formal rights (e.g. ownership or usufruct) Social tenure relationships (e.g. indigenous rights). 3. Spatial units -> different structures: E.g. a text based or point based spatail unit. 4. Surveying -> different sources: E.g. total station, hand-held GPS or satellite images.
LADM (3) LA_Party LA_RRR LA_SpatialUnit LA_BAUnit Design principles from Cadastre 2014 : 1. RRR s: much more than traditional ownership rights. 2. Spatial Unit: much more than the traditional parcel. 3. Unification of Registry and Cadastre: information for registration is linked with spatial units. 4. LA modeling: farewell to store information on paper maps. 5. ICT application: the best and a low-cost approach.
class Profile D3. Indonesia LADM (4) VersionedObject «featuretype» LA_GroupParty + groupid: Oid + type: LA_GroupPartyType constraints {sum(la_partymember.share)=1 per group} +group 0..* Indonesia: decentralized LA More than 400 districts LADM as standard, with extensions Source: Ketut Ary Sucaya, BPN, 2009 +parties 2..* VersionedObject «featuretype» 0..1 LA_Party VersionedObject «featuretype» LA_PartyMember + share: Rational [0..1] baunitasparty + extpid: Oid [0..1] + name: CharacterString [0..1] + pid: Oid + role: LA_PartyRoleType [0..*] + type: LA_PartyType +money-provider 0..* +conveyor 1..* +party 0..1 +rrr 0..* +rrr 0..* 0..* +source 1..* LA_Source +source «featuretype» 0..* LA_AdministrativeSource «featuretype» LA_RRR VersionedObject + description: CharacterString [0..1] + share: Rational [0..1] + sharecheck: Boolean [0..1] + timespec: ISO14825AnnD_Type [0..1] +rrr +baunit 1..* +unit 1 0..* 0..1 VersionedObject «featuretype» LA_BAUnit + name: CharacterString [0..1] + type: LA_BAUnitType + uid: Oid + availibilitystatus: LA_AvailabilityStatusType + purchaseprice: Currency [0..1] + text: MultiMediaType [0..1] + type: LA_AdministrativeSourceType +source 0..* 0..* «featuretype» LA_Right + type: LA_RightType A Land Right can be a collateral of one or more mortgages. The level of a particular land right in a mortage is indicated by ranking. Contrary, a mortgage may have one or more collaterals. 0..* 0..* 0..* LA_Restriction VersionedObject «featuretype» LA_Mortgage + amount: Currency [0..1] + interestrate: Float [0..1] + ranking: Integer + type: LA_MortgageType [0..1] +(ordered) LA_AdministrativeSourceType «CodeList» ID_AdministrativeSourceType + BiddingSummary + CourtDecision + Deed + LandCertificate + MortgageCertificate ID_Right + transactiontype «CodeList» ID_Righttype LA_RightType + Dispute + RightofApartementUnit(HakMilikSatuanRumahSusun) + RightofOccupancy + RightofOwnership(HakMilik) + RightofUse(HakPakai) + RighttoConstructBuilding(HakGunaBangunan) + RighttoCultivate(HakGunaUsaha) + RighttoManage(HakPengelolaan) + Usufrucht + Waqf(Wakaf)
LADM (5) Canada Lands Survey Records Indian Lands Registry reconciliation project 80,000 cases. Project completed in March 2010 Source: Paul Egesborg, Natural Resources Canada, 2009 LA_Party LA_RRR LA_SpatialUnit LA_BAUnit
Overview 1. Introduction 2. LADM 3. Social Tenure Domain Model 4. ICT developments 5. Conclusion
STDM (1) STDM is an initiative of UN-HABITAT Focus on people land relationships Specialization of LADM Structurally less complex Similar functionality Somewhat different terminology Built with Open Source software ILWIS GIS and Postgres/PostGIS database
STDM (2) Why do we need an STDM? A lack of land information in developing countries About 70 percent of land is not registered Enormous problems, like land grabbing and forced eviction Conventional LA systems cannot cope with this situation STDM, based on LADM Manageable by the local community itself. Example Ethiopia
STDM (3) STDM field test Ethiopia (2009) High understanding of plots Useful approach
Overview 1. Introduction 2. LADM 3. STDM 4. ICT developments 5. Conclusion
ICT Developments 1. More domain standards Domain sources maintained in a consistent manner. 2. Harmonization leads to transparancy Best practices. 3. More than traditional RRR s New people spatial phenomena relationships. 4. International seamless registration An international coverage that fits. 5. Semantic web-based content All information in an unambiguous and understandable manner.
Overview 1. Introduction 2. LADM 3. STDM 4. ICT developments 5. Conclusion
Conclusion LADM, an ISO standard in 2011 STDM Massive registration of land tenure types Via a participatory approach ICT developments: Push from ICT-developments, pull from better governance, leads to a Spatially enabled society
Thank you. Questions?