Urban America during the Gilded Age 1865 1900
Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age 1. Megalopolis. 2. Mass Transit. 3. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. 4. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core 5. New frontier of opportunity for women. 6. Squalid living conditions for many. 7. Political machines. 8. Ethnic neighborhoods.
1. How do Americans become consumers? 2. What does a Higher Standard of Living include? 3. What created a mass culture? 4. What was reflected in the arts during the gilded age? 5. How did education change in U.S.? 6. What did Americans do for entertainment? 7. What did cities offer as entertainment?
Tenement Slum Living
Tenement Slum Living
Florence Kelley Illinois Attorney Fought against child labor. Fought for women s rights. National Consumers League (NCL) 1899 promoted goods produced under fair, safe, healthy conditions. Inspect meat packing plants. Created White Labels = seal of approval. National Child Labor Committee (still active) U.S. Children s Bureau created in 1912. 1916 Keating Owen Act struck down child labor. SCOTUS overturned in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 1918. Led NAWSA (Natl. Amer. Women Suff. Assoc.) to support war effort (WWI). Founding member of NAACP.
Dumbell Tenement
Mulberry Street Little Italy
New York by George Bellows Capturing the city as it transformed to a modern metropolis.
Lone Tenement by George Bellows 1909 urban dislocation and a poignant allegory of time's passage. The last remaining building underneath the approaches to the new Queensboro Bridge stands alone. People continued to live in this dilapidated tenement building while the others had made way for city growth.
Cliff Dwellers by George Bellows 1913 View of the transformation of America. Lower East Side of Manhattan, lifestyle of immigrants. Poor and living in cramped quarters, if they have housing at all. Paintings like this captured the essence of city living and informed Americans about the conditions of city dwellers.
Statue of Liberty: Mr. Windom, if you re going to make this island a garbage heap, I m going back to France. In 1890 secretary of Treasury William Widom wanted to turn the island at the base of the Statue of Liberty into a processing point for immigrants. Compare the caption to the poem inscribe on the base of the statue that tells the world to, Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free
Chinese and Irish immigrants both consume Uncle Sam (America), then the Chinese man consumes the Irishman
Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor Closed shop.
CHICAGO HOG Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler; Stormy, husky, brawling, City of the Big Shoulders: They tell me you are wicked and I believe them, for I have seen your painted women under the gas lamps luring the farm boys. And they tell me you are crooked and I answer: Yes, it is true I have seen the gunman kill and go free to kill again. And they tell me you are brutal and my reply is: On the faces of women and children I have seen the marks of wanton hunger - Carl Sandburg
Louis Sullivan: Bayard Bldg., NYC, 1897 Louis Sullivan The Chicago School of Architecture Form follows function!
Daniel Burnham Use of steel as a super structure. Fisher [Apt.] Bldg, Chicago
D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902
1869 1959 Frank Lloyd Wright Prairie House School of Architecture Organic Architecture Function follows form!
Frank Lloyd Wright: Allen-Lamb House, 1915
Frank Lloyd Wright: Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959
New York City Architectural Style: 1870s-1910s 1. The style was less innovative than in Chicago. 2. NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. 3. Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC their bldgs. became logos for their companies. 4. NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.
Western Union Bldg,. NYC - 1875
Edison s generators going underground NYC NYC 1888 Blizzard or White Hurricane
Singer Building NYC - 1902
Flatiron Building NYC 1902 D. H. Burnham
Grand Central Station, 1913
John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
Hester Street Jewish Section
Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC
Urban Growth: 1870-1900
Friday January 26, 2018 1. Bellringer: Analyze cartoon write 5 facts in CompBook. 2. Discuss Venn Diagram: Wells; Washington: DuBois. 3. Powerpoint Facts: 15 facts