Using GIS and LIS for Planning Sustainable Development Bepic Group CHOGM, Malta 2005 THE APPLICATION OF GIS AND LIS Solutions and Experiences in East Africa Lenny Kivuti 21 November, 2005 Presented by Emily Njeru
Relevance of GIS and LIS in Development GIS and LIS terminologies are understood to imply computerized systems. Composite driver encompassing computing and information base as a tool for achieving specific development goals.
Application of GIS and LIS in East Africa The experience in Kenya and Rwanda
Background Land administration based on dissimilar & multiple legislation Inherited English law Inherited English law Inherited Indian law Inherited Indian law Inherited African customary law Inherited African customary law New National laws e.g. Registered Land Act - Kenya New National laws e.g. Registered Land Act - Kenya
Background Systematic mismanagement of existing manual LIS Records not complete Records not complete Hardcopy records not well maintained Hardcopy records not well maintained
Background GIS and LIS not viewed as solution tools in land information management Traditionally applied mainly in areas such as Traditionally applied mainly in areas such as Environmental management Ecological management Wildlife management Wildlife management Implemented mainly by Central government with financing from donors
Background Lack of capacity for local government to implement a turn-a-round. round. Financial Institutional Human resources Human resources
Background Perennial budget deficit in Local Governments Incapacity to deliver services Incapacity to deliver services Mistrust between tax payers and the LAs Mistrust between tax payers and the LAs Litigation instituted by unsatisfied tax payers Litigation instituted by unsatisfied tax payers
Solution Introduction GIS & LIS - GeoManager Establishment Public-Private- Private- Partnership
An Integrated Approach Introducing a New Approach to City & Land Information Management in Developing Countries
The GeoManager Solution. Land Allocation Land Rates Valuation Land Registration Conveyancing Searches and Reports Land information management Customer Registration Customer Tracking Register Update Customer relationship management Document management File retrieval Searches Archive Data indexing Rental Tax Business Licences Property Tax Occupation Permits Billing Data capture Building Database Spatial Data Archive Data Capture District Connectivity Central Database SQL/ORACLE GEODATABASE
Political factors Economic factors Social factors Constraints Constraining tax laws Time for legal reforms Lack of enforcement mechanisms Budgetary provisions Poverty levels Mistrust of LAs by taxpayers Infrastructural factors Data security Lack of physical infrastructure
Achievements Data integrity Data integrity Improved revenue collection Improved revenue collection Sustainability of the programs Sustainability of the programs Quality and speedy service delivery Quality and speedy service delivery Training and capacity building Training and capacity building
Achievements Acceptability Seeing is believing after the success of kigali programme the acceptability level is higher in the region evidenced by signing of mombasa and nairobi the largest cities in Kenya Capacity to embrace other emerging technologies e.g. internet is to be used for dissemination of information to city residents Environmental sustainability the GIS is used in physical planning to ensure the optimum development of the urban land. Public awareness campaigns carried out to correct misinformation in the public domain and increase the trust between tax payers and LAs
Kigali City Challenges Lack of records -The war left many records destroyed/defaced/manipulated Lack of spatial data No fixed surveys carried out before. All digital data developed from scratch Informal settlements Historically the land administration system in Kigali was not systemized and after the genocide the influx of the Diaspora triggered unplanned development Fast evolving tax laws Fast evolving tax laws
Kigali City Challenges Lack of qualified human resource Lack of qualified human resource Financial resource- Land and municipal tax base below 30% Financial resource- Land and municipal tax base below 30% Poor Tax enforcement mechanisms Poor Tax enforcement mechanisms Internal and political resistance Internal and political resistance Lack of all types of physical infrastructure Lack of all types of physical infrastructure
Kigali City Unique in East Africa because the KCC carries out both Land administration and delivery of municipal services The most comprehensive system developed to cover all land administration issues and service delivery Differential Global Positioning System used in fixed surveys Successes Improvement of revenue collection by 600% developed to cover all land administration issues and service delivery Regularization of land ownerships -Security of tenure Regularization of land ownerships -Security of tenure Development of a new City Masterplan Development of a new City Masterplan
Mombasa City Challenges Poor computing infrastructure Poor computing infrastructure Inadequate qualified human resource Inadequate qualified human resource Systematic internal fraud Systematic internal fraud Nearly 40% of land ownership not known Nearly 40% of land ownership not known Budgetary deficit Budgetary deficit Poor legal enforcement mechanisms Poor legal enforcement mechanisms Inadequate data Inadequate data
Mombasa City Political acceptance Political acceptance Successes Complete spatial database done Complete spatial database done New valuation roll in process of automation New valuation roll in process of automation Quick implementation of all billing modules Quick implementation of all billing modules Data integrity and set up of security systems Data integrity and set up of security systems Establishment customer oriented service delivery Establishment customer oriented service delivery Successful attribute data clean up procedures Successful attribute data clean up procedures
Nairobi City Challenges Most difficult site to implement the GIS Most difficult site to implement the GIS Political interference Internal resistance Orchestrated and well planned fraud Legal constraints Existing computerized system was inadequate Existing computerized system was inadequate Lack of integration of the information from various departments The human resource was limited in ICT The system was generally outdated and inflexible and therefore could not meet new demands. Inadequate spatial & attribute data Inadequate spatial & attribute data Missing and poorly maintained information Outdated data Conflicting data with Ministry of lands
Nairobi City Challenges Financial resources- Though the revenue base is large, taxes remained largely uncollected (40%) External resistance & litigation by defaulting residents with large tax arrears High level of data insecurity High level of data insecurity
Nairobi City Successes Complete spatial database almost done Complete spatial database almost done Support by council administration Support by council administration Implementation of customer service desk for land rates Implementation of customer service desk for land rates Fast service delivery in land rates Fast service delivery in land rates Data integrity and set up of security systems Data integrity and set up of security systems Successful attribute data clean up procedures Successful attribute data clean up procedures
Land allocation, Registration and demarcation has been made fast by.. Real time kinematic collection of survey data GPS base Station. adoption of the modern technology in executing previously time consuming tasks like surveying.
Automation of Tasks. Such as production of deed plans saves a lot of time
..Consolidatation of information in central location 888 JEAN CLAUDE KAMANZI Plot Number 888
Comment on other sites (Kampala and Dar es salaam) (Kampala and Dar es salaam) Different Approach taken Different Approach taken Donor funded systems Donor funded systems Lengthy Execution time Lengthy Execution time Sustainability not achieved due lack of participatory approach
Conclusion GIS and LIS can be used to achieve sustainable development Application of GIS and LIS effectively addresses MDG1, MDG7 and MDG8 MDG 1- poverty eradication - Improvement of the security of tenure on land improve access to credit. MDG 8- Ensure environmental sustainability GIS as tool for Physical planning of the cities MDG 8- Development of global partnership for development. UN resolution on partnering with private sector. PPP has proved workable in developing countries