Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 7. Technology. Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 7 Technology Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

Knorr Bremse plant, Budapest, Töreky Balázs 2009

Technology = profession (greek) Nature-changing activity Conversion of things, resources of the nature (minerals, alive and unorganic things, natural potencials) to things serving (basic and comfort assuring) needs of the mankind. The conversion happens through the use of a certain method (know-how) that is: technology

Technology Basic components: 1. Knowlegde 2. Base material (row, semi-finished, aid) 3. Tool, machine (technology and aids) 4. Resource (energy, manpower) The block diagram as a suitable tool for representation Technology plan

Technology flow chart of the ship-mill in Ráckeve Technology plan (connection scheme) of a ship-mill

Legend water sludge sludge water gas Technology plan of a sewege treatment equipment (connection scheme)

Technology plan of a sewege treatment equipment (connection scheme)

Flow chart (popularizing form)

Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 alltogether, max. 34 533 workers)

Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940, concept drawing

Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940, block diagram

Willow Plant, USA, Albert Kahn 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 alltogether, max. 34 533 workers)

Content of the technology plan: Describes technology processes (flow chart, block diagram) Defines the technology equipments needed (machine specification) Arrangement proposal plan (plan, presentation of spatial relations, the architect s work is necessary from this point) Defines the resources needed and their parameters (number of participants -professional composition-number of shifts) energy provision: electric, gas... other public utilities: water, duct (sewage) Disposes time conditions Disposese supplies Disposes the way of transport Disposes the packing Disposes the auxiliary material Disposes the garbage arising Labour safety regulations (schedules, cycle times, puffer storages) (stock pre-storage, finished products storage) (stock delivery, finished products delivery) (undoing, packing, completion) (auxiliary m. of the technology-lubricants... auxiliary m. of the product-packing m....) (amount, type, environmental danger, disposal, laying) (ranging the workplaces, protective means, safety zones, finishes)

Economy s division in sectors Colin Clark: (1905-1989) Division of GDP (brutto national product = consumption+project+export-import) In a year of one particular country - trends! Primary: Secondary: Tertiary: Quaternary: Quinary: production of raw material: mining, agriculture, fishing commodity production: steel-, chemical-, energy-, textile- etc. ind. service: commerce, health service, travel, management, finance information sector: production, sharing, education, research nonprofit sector

Not only the economy sectors, but their situation is also changing!

In 2050 Brazil, India and China will produce 40% of the World s GDP forecast Source: Origo 19. 03. 2013.

Technology today and tomorrow Industrial revolutions I. Steam engine 1784 II. Production belt 1913 III. Automatization 1969 IV. Information network of machines and things intelligent information system

Technology today and tomorrow 4th Industrial Revolution - today Superfast social-technological changes 65% of today children will have a profession that doesn t even exist today! 50% of the knowledge gets out-of-date during university studies Computer technology > artificial intelligence > automatization > robotics intelligent networks > internet of the objects Communication Electricity > environment > alternative resources Alternative traffic facilities > self driving electric cars Space research Biology, medical science Cooperation Unsolved problems: conversion, reduction of workplaces war, migration global warmup necessity of water and food

Are there special different architectural characters of the branches of industry? Possible divisions: Heavy industry - light industry Manpower demanding activity - capital demanding activity Due to products: wood-, dairy-, car industry, entertaining etc. Heavy industry: (also big) raw material production Capital-intensive Less manpower Slow returns Intensive environmental impact (load) Often without buildings: outdoor establishments eg.: mining, metallurgy, petrolchemistry, energy-, wood-paper industry Light industry: (can be more articulated) processing industry Less capital More manpower Customer-, business-oriented Smaller environmental impact Can be situated near to residential areas Buildings without special character eg.: dressmaker s shop, bakery, printing plant, service

Copper mine, Utah, USA, 1995

Lignite mine and power station, Yallourn, Victoria, Australia, 1948

Ore preparatory works, Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary, János Scultéty 1950

Great foundry, IJmuiden, Netherlands, 2008

Steel factory, IJmuiden, Netherlands, 2008

Oil destillery, Százhalombatta, Hungary

Polipropilen plant

Hydroelectric power station Hoover Damm, California, USA, 1938

Hydroelectric power station, turbine hall, Manapouri, New Zealand

Nuclear power station, Three Mile Island, Ohio, USA

Nuclear power station, reactor hall, Paks, Hungary

12 MW capacity solar power station, Arnstein, Germany

Paper factory

Paper factory, Dunaújváros, Hungary, Rácz György IPARTERV 1964

Requirements of heavy industry can be described with technological requirements: If the technology is not special (underground, outdoor- linear), the tipical requirement is the single-story hall with crane. Light industry is more difficult to define, the architectural appearance is also more flexible, unique. A row of premises, rooms able to accomodate many workers, working hands is tipical, even in multi-storey arrangement.

Textile mill, spinning mill

Weaving mill

Textile mill, dressmaker s shop

Tipical view of a textile mill of the past: Multi-bay, rooms with frequent stand of columns, in multi-storey arrangement

Canning factory

F. Schöningh printng plant, Paderborn, Germany, Peter C. von Seidlein, 1974 humidity laminated timber structure, low heat conductivity for limiting condensation

Cartier watch factory, Saint-Imier, Switzerland Jean Nouvel, 1992 completely dust-free environment, even day-light conditions - air-ventilation, filter system, raised floors for technical equipment, antistatic floors, glazed panes with solar protection

GAEC GAEC Les les Aurelles Aurelles Winery, Winery, Nizas, Nizas, France France Gilles Gilles Perraudin, Perraudin, 2001 2001 constant humidity and temperature solid construction of natural stone 65cm!, few openings

Dominus Winery, Napa Valley, California Herzog & de Meuron, 1997 constant humidity and temperature external walls of gabions with basalt stones to store the heat and protect from cold

VW Glased Manufacture, Dresden Germany, Henn Architects, 2001 classical automobile production and fine craftsmanship Sight plant, transparency

BMW factory, Shenyang, China Henn Architects, 2013 Product in the centre sight plant, spatial connection

WITTENSTEIN Innovaton factory Igersheim- Harth, Germany, Henn Architects, 2013 Development, production and dispatch parallel sight plant, spatial connection

The architecture of the tertiary sector (service) is the most variable Part of this the architecture of transport: Passanger transport: Means: city and long-distance public transport free and bound-track vehicles The service, storage, maintenance of vehicles Organization, service of passanger transport Exact technology is important (motion of passangers, means of transport) intensive use Sign-like, emblematic establishments Railway stations, traffic junctions, interchange stations, airports

George Washington Bridge Bus Stations, New York, USA, Pierre Luigi Nervi, 1963

Bus station, Strasbourg Hoenheim, France, Zaha Hadid, 1990

Railway station, Lisboa, Portugal, S. Calatrava, 1998

Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners, 1996-2006

Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Germany, Gerkan, Marg & Partners, 2006

Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan, Renzo Piano, 1994

Ferry Terminal, Yokohama, Japan, Foreign Office Architects, 2002

Ocolus World Trade Center Transportation Hub, New York, USA, S. Calatrava, 2016

Thank you for your attention.