Justice Connect Homeless Law Tenancy Induction Training 2015 Katie Ho, lawyer Melbourne Office PO Box 16013 Melbourne VIC Tel +61 3 8636 4400 Fax +61 3 8636 4455 justiceconnect.org.au/homelesslaw
Contents Tenancy and eviction prevention 1. Understanding the process a Notice to Vacate (NTV) b c d Application for Possession Order VCAT hearing Warrants of Possession e Application for review 2. How to prepare Case study NTV for danger Negotiations Preparing and appearing at a VCAT hearing Appeals and judicial review (Burgess) Top tips and where to go for help 2
Introduction: Why tenancy? The right to a home: Section 13 of the Charter is of fundamental importance to the scheme of the Charter this right ensures that people can develop individually, socially, and spiritually in that sphere which provides the civil foundation for their effective participation in society. - Justice Bell, Director of Housing v Sudi About 50% of Homeless Law matters are tenancy (eviction) matters Homeless Law: homeless or at risk of homelessness focus on sustaining tenancies Currently there is an acute shortage of affordable housing in Australia: 35 000 people on the general public housing waiting list (never getting housed) 10 000 people on the priority waiting list in Victoria (homeless right now, 2-3 year wait) Develop your legal skills: client interviews, case strategy, negotiations, interpreting legislation, preparing submissions, doing appearances and advocacy Contributing to policy work: The Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities, systemic issues 3
Introduction: Types of housing No home Sleeping rough, sleeping in cars, couch surfing, squatting Crisis accommodation (short term stays ~8 weeks) Social or community housing (medium to long term housing) Rooming houses Transitional housing Houses/apartments Public housing (long term housing) Housing/apartments Private rental (short or long term housing) Rooming houses Caravan parks Houses/apartments People who are in a property and have exclusive access to the entire property are called tenants People who share a property with 4+ rooms, but have exclusive possession of a room are called residents 4
1. Understanding the process
The Eviction Process Lawful eviction without a tenant/resident s consent involves the following steps: Step 1 Issue and serve a Notice to Vacate on the tenant/resident, specifying the section of the RTA that the landlord is relying on and a vacate date Step 2 If the tenant/resident does not vacate the premises, the landlord makes an Application to VCAT for a Possession Order Step 3 A hearing takes place at VCAT, and a possession order is made in respect of the premises/room Step 4 The landlord/rho purchases a Warrant of Possession from VCAT Step 5 The warrant of possession is executed by police and the tenant/resident is removed from the premises 13
The law Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (Vic) RTA Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 1998 (Vic) VCAT Act Common reasons for eviction in RTA: Rental arrears (s 246) Danger (s 244) Illegal use of the property (s 250) Successive breaches (s 249) Repairs/ demolition (ss 255 & 256) Landlord moving in (s 258) Property to be sold (s 259) End of fixed term tenancy (s 261) No specified reason (s 263) These reasons listed in the RTA give rise to the time frame the tenant/resident has before further steps towards eviction are taken by the landlord/rooming House Operator ( RHO ) 7
Understanding the process A. Notice to Vacate
Notice to Vacate What is it? A NTV is the first necessary step for a landlord to take when they wish to evict a tenant/resident. It is the originating document, it sets VCAT s jurisdiction and contains the reason/s the landlord wishes to evict the tenant/resident. An NTV must be legally valid: i.e. contain certain information, state relevant reason, give appropriate minimum statutory timeframe. The NTV must also be properly served on the recipient. There are different types of NTVs which commonly arise in tenancies and rooming house accommodation: Rent arrears (most common NTV) 14 days Breach of compliance order 14 days Danger immediate Illegal use 14 days Reminder: the tenant/resident does not have to leave when they receive a NTV 9
Notice to Vacate Postage + Services Issues Service of Notices to Vacate must be either: (1) personally served on the tenant or (2) sent via registered post. Registered post: A NTV sent by registered post is deemed to be given two business days after it is sent (e.g. sent Monday, given on Wednesday). Minimum notice periods: Each NTV has a relevant minimum notice period, which commences the day after the notice is given. Termination date (vacate date) First available termination date is the day after the minimum notice period expires 10
Notice to Vacate Requirements of a valid NTV Under s 319 of the RTA, a NTV must: Be in the relevant prescribed form (found online) Be addressed to the tenant(s)/resident(s) Be signed by the person giving the notice, or by that person s agent Specify the reason(s) for giving the notice (unless no reason NTV) Specify a date by which tenant is required to vacate Failure to meet these requirements may result in an invalid NTV 11
Notices to Vacate Right of pre-emptive challenge (for certain NTVs) Some types of 60 day NTVs can be challenged pre-emptively at VCAT, e.g.: NTVs given under ss 255-260 of the RTA can be pre-emptively challenged within 30 days of receipt (extensions can be sought); Common examples include ppty to be sold, LL or LL s family to move in, ppty to be demolished/renovated etc. Challenge is via application to VCAT by a tenant/resident. The applicant bears the onus of proof. The Tribunal will determine whether or not the NTV is valid. If the NTV is found to be valid, the tenant cannot challenge the validity any further unless the Tribunal is satisfied that exceptional circumstances exist to justify reconsideration. If a tenant does not pre-emptively challenge an NTV, they can still raise these arguments at a hearing for possession order as a defence opposing the issue of the NTV (plus an extension of time given under s 126 VCAT Act). Retaliation A 120 day no reason NTV (s 263 of RTA) maybe be deemed to have no effect under s 266 of the RTA if it was issued in retaliation to the tenant exercising a right under the RTA. E.g. requesting repairs, maintenance, or adjourning possession proceedings for rental arrears. Similarly, these NTVs can be pre-emptively challenged within 60 days of receipt. 12
Notices to Vacate Challenging NTV validity generally In addition to pre-emptive challenges, a tenant/resident might also challenge the validity of an NTV at the VCAT possession order hearing. The tenant is not required to lodge an independent application to VCAT to do this. Common grounds of challenge are: Insufficient detail: most NTVs must state the reason for which they are given and provide sufficient detail. It is not satisfactory to merely repeat the words of the Act. No entitlement to serve an NTV: the facts alleged in the NTV, which form the reason for it being served, are not proven to the relevant standard at VCAT. Invalid service: NTV served by ordinary post, or insufficient termination period provided. 13
Notices to Vacate What happens to an invalid NTV? VCAT s jurisdiction to make a possession order under the RTA is based on a valid NTV having been correctly served. If the NTV is invalid, then VCAT has no jurisdiction to grant a possession order. Most VCAT members are (correctly) strict about this point, and will not grant a possession order based on an invalid NTV. A VCAT member who grants a possession order on the basis of an invalid NTV may be in jurisdictional error, and this decision may be appealed to the Supreme Court under section 148 of the VCAT Act. 14
Understanding the process B. Application for possession
Application for possession What is an application for possession? After the tenant/resident has been issued with a notice to vacate, the landlord can make an application to VCAT for possession of the property/room (s 322). This application can only be made if the NTV has been served on the tenant/resident. Generally the application will be made after the expiration date on the NTV if the tenant/resident has not vacated. This is the first interaction with VCAT. Prior to this application, VCAT would have no knowledge of the dispute. Once the application has been lodged, VCAT will process the application and list it for hearing. 16
Application for possession What does the application contain? An application must contain: The name, address, telephone number, and fax number of the applicant and respondent. A brief description of the remedy sought, and the basis on which the remedy is sought. (VCAT Rules 2008, Reg 7A.06) Allegations contained in the application can never be wider than those in the NTV, because the NTV establishes the jurisdiction at VCAT An application cannot be used to amend or fix a NTV Similar to a NTV, if an application is invalid, VCAT cannot make a possession order based on the application. The application can be struck out at the hearing. Smith v Director of Housing is an important case which sets out the requirements of the NTV and the application and their interaction. 17
Understanding the process C. VCAT Hearing
VCAT Possession Order Hearings What is VCAT? The Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) was established to provide Victorians with access to a civil justice system that is modern, accessible, efficient and cost effective. VCAT s busiest list is the Residential Tenancies List, they receive about 61K applications annually, in which an estimated 80% of hearings are unattended by tenants. Possession order hearings With most eviction proceedings, VCAT must make a possession order if: A valid NTV has been given (properly served); the LL/RHO was entitled to give that notice; and The NTV hasn t been withdrawn. However, some additional discretion applies to rent arrears and behavioural NTVs. 19
VCAT Possession Order Hearings VCAT s Key Considerations At VCAT possession order hearings, the Tribunal is most focused on: Whether the NTV has been validly served Whether the NTV is valid (i.e. sufficient reasons, termination period etc.) Whether the LL/RHO was entitled to give the NTV (i.e. factual basis alleged can be proven to relevant standard, balance of probabilities) The consideration of evidence will then depend on the type of hearing, e.g. - A rent arrears eviction will ordinarily depend on account ledger and other documents, along with sworn evidence of the LL/RHO or their agent. But, an eviction for danger or illegal use will more likely require evidence to be given by third parties, including police and other witnesses. 20
VCAT Possession Order Hearings Dismissing applications for a possession order If either service, technical validity of NTV, or entitlement to give NTV can be shown to be deficient or lacking, VCAT should not make a possession order. Advocates need to focus on these three points of attack when preparing to appear on a client s behalf at a possession order hearing at VCAT. Rent arrears evictions - discretion VCAT has a discretion to adjourn a LL/RHO s application where satisfactory arrangements have/can be made to avoid financial loss to the LL/RHO (s 331 RTA). This usually takes the form of a repayment plan, LL/RHO s consent will almost guarantee such an order being made, but is not a pre-requisite. If the LL/RHO s application is adjourned on this basis, and the tenant/resident defaults, the LL/RHO can reapply directly to VCAT for a possession order (i.e. no further NTV is required). 21
VCAT Possession Order Hearings Behavioural NTV evictions discretion Breach of compliance order Where VCAT finds that LL/RHO was entitled to issue an NTV for breach of a compliance order, the Tribunal must not make the possession order if three criteria can be met (s 332(1)) i.e. failure to comply was trivial/remedied, there won t be a further breach, and breach is not a recurrence of a previous breach of duty. Serious disruption (RH and Caravan Park) Similarly, where VCAT finds a RHO/CPO was entitled to issue an NTV for serious disruption, the Tribunal must not make the possession order if the interruption to quiet enjoyment has ceased, is not a recurrence, and will not be repeated. Advocates can raise these as in the alternative arguments at VCAT 22
VCAT Possession Order Hearings Postponement of issuing the warrant If VCAT decides against a tenant at a possession order hearing, they will make an order that the property be vacated immediately. However, s 352 of the RTA provides that VCAT can postpone the date at which the LL/CPO can purchase a warrant of possession (effectively extending client s time in the property). The maximum postponement period is 30 days, VCAT will weigh a tenant/resident s hardship against that of the LL support letters are very helpful. This application should be made by the advocate verbally at the hearing, once VCAT member announces their decision. This is not an option for rooming house evictions, or NTVs issued for malicious damage, danger, or property unfit for habitation. 23
Understanding the process D. Warrants of possession
Warrants of Possession What is it? A person who obtains a possession order may apply for (and purchase) a Warrant of Possession from VCAT. Warrants are then directed to the local police station or other authorised persons, must contain brief details of the possession order, and be signed by the principal registrar. A Warrant authorises the person to whom it is directed to enter the rented premises (or room and rooming house, building, site or caravan) by force if necessary, to compel all persons occupying the premises to vacate and give possession of the property to the applicant for the order under which the warrant was issued. A Warrant does not allow the authorised person to remove goods from the premises there are separate provisions in the RTA that cover what happens to goods left behind. 25
Warrants of Possession When can a Warrant be purchased? If there is no postponement order in place, the Warrant can be applied for and purchased immediately after a possession order has been made. The Warrant must be purchased within 6 months of the possession order being made, as a possession order will lapse after 6 months of being made. How are Warrants executed? The Warrant is sent to the police station nearest to the rented premises. Police will ordinarily notify a tenant/resident prior to execution of a warrant, and indicate when they will return to execute the warrant. When do Warrants expire? Warrants must be executed within 14 days of issue (private/social housing) or 30 days (public housing), unless extension of time is prescribed for in the possession order. Extensions of up to 30 days can be sought for execution of a warrant (only by the LL). 26
Warrants of Possession Lapsing of POs and Warrants A possession order lapses if a Warrant of Possession is not applied for within 6 months of the possession order being made. If this occurs, the LL/RHO would need to recommence the entire eviction process again. A warrant of possession also lapses if not executed within the time specified in the possession order (usually 14 days from purchase). In this instance, a further warrant could not be purchased if the underlying possession order has lapsed, the LL/RHO would need to recommence the eviction process. 27
Understanding the process E. Application for review
Applications for Review What is it? Review applications are a mechanism that allow a party who missed a VCAT hearing to have it reheard, and to potentially obtain a different outcome (s 120 VCAT Act). In RT list matters at VCAT, a party to the proceeding can successfully apply for review if: 1. An order was made in the absence of that party or their authorised representative; 2. The applicant has a reasonable excuse for not attending the hearing; and 3. The application for review is made within 14 days of becoming aware of the order (although an applicant can also apply to have this period extended, s 126 VCAT Act). An application for review should be made in writing and can be faxed or emailed to the Tribunal. You should notify the other party once a review application has been lodged with the Tribunal. Note that where a tenant has already applied for review in respect of a matter, they will need to seek leave in person from VCAT to apply for review a second time. 29
Applications for Review What happens when a review application is lodged? Faxing or emailing the review application to VCAT will generally stay the effect of the Tribunal s order, subject to the review hearing. In a tenancy context, this prevents a Warrant of Possession being executed until the review application has been assessed VCAT will notify the relevant police station not to execute a warrant if a review application is received. Once received, VCAT will ordinarily list the application for review hearing, and send notification to all parties to the dispute. If the review application succeeds, VCAT will generally hear the substantive matter immediately after approving the review application. The substantive matter will only be re-listed if the other party/witnesses are not available on the day. 30
Applications for Review VCAT s key considerations in a review application VCAT will be focused on the applicant s reason for non-attendance, such as whether they knew the hearing was taking place, and if so, what steps they took to attend or notify the Tribunal they could not attend. VCAT will also be focused on the date at which the applicant became aware of the order, as this is the date from which the 14 day review window runs. VCAT also have the power to enquire as to the merits of the substantive case, that is, if review is granted, what orders will the party ultimately be seeking and what is the likelihood of those orders being made. If VCAT considers the applicant had a reasonable excuse for not attending, the Tribunal will grant the review application this power is generally interpreted in an applicant s favor to ensure hearings are as fair as possible. The term reasonable excuse is applied liberally 31
2. How to prepare for a tenancy eviction matter
Eviction process - flowchart A trigger event VCAT Process Getting the client s story How to prepare NTV Knowing the law Application for possession Negotiating with the landlord VCAT Hearing Preparing for the hearing Review application Possession Order made Warrant of Possession Application dismissed or adjourned After the hearing Review application Warrant of Possession executed 33
Overview of running a matter A trigger event occurs (ie rental arrears, or argument with a neighbour) Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Client receives a NTV What are the allegations? Client comes to an appointment with a Homeless Law lawyer What is the client s perspective? Do the NTV allegations match the client s story? What are the client s circumstances? Lawyer enters into negotiations with the LL Is it a public housing or social housing provider? Does the tenant have rights under the Charter? LL makes an application for possession at VCAT Does it differ from the allegations in the NTV? Preparing for the hearing Is the NTV valid? What evidence does the LL have? What evidence is required to prove your client s story? Possession Order hearing at VCAT A possession order isn t made A possession order is made The client didn t attend the hearing review application Judicial review or appeal to the Supreme Court Was there an error of law made by VCAT, or was an aspect of the decision making unlawful (i.e. did the landlord fail to consider the client s Charter rights)? 34
Case Study - Danger A trigger event occurs (ie rental arrears, or argument with a neighbour) Step 1 Step 2 Client receives a NTV Client comes to an appointment with a Homeless Law lawyer Does the client have any paperwork about the eviction? Do the allegations match up with the client s story? What is the client s perspective? Getting the client s story Does the client have any documents about the eviction? What type of rental premises? Who is the landlord? Who is the landlord s agent? What is the client s rental history? What are the legal issues that we can assist with? Can you provide any preliminary advice? Explain the general eviction process Outline the scope of assistance (& manage expectations) Can t advise on merit without seeing the documents Advice on any general obligations on the tenant (i.e. the need to pay rent) Do you need to get more instructions? Does the client need other supports for non-legal issues? Tenancy Training Workbook Sally s Story Page 2 PIMS pims.justiceconnect.org.au *Upload interview documents to PIMS after appointment 35
Case Study - Danger Notice to Vacate Looking at the documents Under what section of the RTA has the NTV been issued? Has the landlord provided reasons for issuing the NTV? What is the vacate date on the notice? Are the allegations on the NTV the same, or different to what the client initially told you? Tenancy Training Workbook Sally s Story Page 3 Application for Possession Has the landlord provided further information on the application? If so, compare the NTV and the application, what observations can you make about the two? Are there any differences? Are there any similarities? Tenancy Training Workbook Sally s Story Page 4 If you don t have documents, these can be obtained by calling the VCAT RT List registry (ph 9628 9800) After looking at the documents you might need to clarify your client s instructions. PIMS *Upload VCAT documents to PIMS 36
Case Study - Danger Knowing the Law RTA 1997 (annotated) VCAT Act 1998 Homeless Law in Practice (www.hlp.org.au) Smith v Director of Housing [2005] VSC 46 Commentary in relation to NTVs and applications Director of Housing v Pavletic [2002] VSC 438 Commentary on service of the NTV in relation to the application Commentary on what constitutes danger Tenancy Training Workbook Page 7 Compare the NTV and the application after reading these cases. Are the allegations in both documents the same? Does any difference between the documents matter? 37
How to prepare Negotiations
Negotiations Negotiating with landlords Entering into negotiations with the landlord to sustain the client s tenancy is regular practice in tenancy matters. In many cases, negotiating with the landlord, and strongly advocating on behalf of the client will be a key factor in preventing a client from being evicted. Negotiations should begin when the lawyer begins working on a matter, and they can continue throughout the life of the matter, depending on the circumstances. It is important for landlords to understand any mitigating factors or hardship that the client has suffered which put the client in the situation where the client was unable to comply with their obligations as a tenant. The lawyer should initially call the landlord to discuss the matter and listen to any of the landlord s concerns. The lawyer can then send a letter to the landlord outlining the discussion, for example: The negative impact that losing the tenancy will have on the client; The client s personal or family circumstances that make them a vulnerable tenant; The undertaking/s the client is willing to make to in order to sustain the tenancy; and Any obligations the landlord has to sustain the tenancy (this only relates to public housing or a social housing providers). Homeless Law has a number of precedent letters available to assist you to draft your initial negotiation letter to the landlord 39
Negotiations Public and social housing landlords Landlord Public Housing (Office of Housing or Director of Housing) Social or community housing The law and policies Internal policies, available (mostly) online, eg: Tenancy Management Manual Allocations Manual Rental Rebate Manual Internal appeals: Housing Appeals Manual Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) Internal policies, often not available online Registered housing association or housing provider under the Housing Act 1983 Regulatory framework as provided by the Housing Registrar (including complaints) Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities 2006 Act (Vic) 40
Negotiations Negotiating with public and social housing landlords Homeless Law is of the view that if a client is willing to comply with their obligations going forward (e.g. agreeing to a manageable payment plan to address the arrears, engaging with support workers, or abstaining from certain behaviour) it is poor policy for a public or social housing provider to evict that person into homelessness. Charter Obligations Public housing and social housing providers have an obligation (as public authorities under s 3 of the Charter) to consider a tenant s Charter rights when making a decision to evict a tenant. What are the client s circumstances (e.g. hardship or risk of homelessness)? What Charter rights are engaged? Section 13: A person has the right not to have his or her privacy, family, home unlawfully or arbitrarily interfered with; and/or Section 17: Protection of families and children. What are the alternatives to eviction? OOH Policies and Procedures What OOH policy manuals apply to the eviction? Has the OOH followed the processes outlined in the Manual? Has the OOH considered the client s circumstances and vulnerabilities compared to their policy objectives? What are the alternatives to eviction? VCAT cannot take into account a tenant s Charter rights (Director of Housing v Sudi [2011] VSCA 266 41
Case Study - Danger Preparing for the hearing What evidence is needed? Contact the other party to get copies/details of the evidence they will be relying on at the hearing Who will be giving evidence for the other party? CCTV footage, police report What evidence can you access? Will you have to cross-examine witnesses? What evidence will you be leading? Can the client give evidence? Will you have to examine any witnesses? What are the strengths and weaknesses of your case? Tenancy Training Workbook Sally s Story Page 8 Submissions 1. Preliminary matters: these include arguments about jurisdiction issues with NTV or application, service of documents or Smith argument 2. Chronology (date and facts) 3. The law: RTA or case law 4. The evidence 5. Submissions (law and evidence) Homeless Law can provide submission templates for guidance For complicated matters written submissions can be filed with VCAT the day before for the hearing as a courtesy this is not mandatory 42
VCAT - At the hearing At the Hearing 1. Lawyer should request reasons for the decision at the beginning of the hearing 2. Applicant goes first (usually the LL) and has to prove the case on the balance of probabilities 3. Informal jurisdiction, flexible, speedy What evidence will be considered by VCAT? VCAT is not bound by the rules of evidence, but they are still relevant (s 98(1)(b) VCAT Act) VCAT can inform itself as it sees fit (s 98(1)(c) VCAT Act) VCAT must give all parties a chance to call evidence, examine witnesses and make submissions (s 102 VCAT Act) Can you appear? Professional advocates are automatically allowed to appear in possession proceedings In all other cases no (s 62 VCAT Act) Considerations: are the other parties represented? Advocate can make submissions as to why the client should be represented (i.e. disadvantaged and complex facts or legal issues) (s 62(1)(c) VCAT Act) 43
VCAT - After the hearing 1. Application dismissed 2. Possession order granted a. Client did not attend the hearing b. Warrant purchased (client attended) What do I do if the client doesn t show up to the hearing? Do not appear as entering an appearance on behalf of the client removes the client s options to apply for a review hearing. Call Homeless Law. You can either wait to see what the outcome is at VCAT without making any appearance, or if you are sure that the client will not be attending, call the VCAT registry after the hearing for a copy of the order. A review application has to be lodged within 14 days of the client finding out about the order. What happens if a PO is made against the client and the LL are going to purchase a warrant? Speak to the client about an exit plan prior to the hearing. Speak to the client about what they will do with their goods, and provide advice about Goods Left Behind. Refer the client to their local homelessness service (Initial Planning and Assessment). Some brokerage can be provided by Homeless Law for moving expenses (speak to Sarah/Antoinette (HPLOs) at Homeless Law). 44
Judicial review or appeal Judicial review or appealing a decision to the Supreme Court In certain circumstances a decision can be appealed to or judicially reviewed by the Supreme Court. Common grounds for appeal or judicial review: 1. An error of law made by VCAT (appeal); or 2. An aspect of the decision making was unlawful (judicial review). Lawyers running the matter should have an idea whether JR/appeal might be suitable. Contact Homeless Law ASAP if you think the matter should be considered for JR or an appeal. Homeless Law will also flag cases which might be candidates for JR/appeal. Very resource intensive for lawyers and firms, and a quick timeframe for an appeal (28 days to lodge an appeal at the Supreme Court). Burgess v Director of Housing [2014] VSC 648 After VCAT granted the possession order, Homeless Law sought JR on the decision of the OOH to evict the tenant (specifically the decisions to issue the NTVs and to purchase the warrant. The Supreme Court found that the Director of Housing failed to (1) accord natural justice to the tenant, and (2) consider the tenant s human rights under the Charter when deciding to evict. The decision has significant potential to improve the accountability, consistency and fairness of the decisionmaking of the Director of Housing when choosing whether or not to proceed with the eviction of public housing tenants (including by affording tenants natural justice and adhering to the DOH's own policies and guidelines). Read the case note here. 45
Top tips & where to get help 1. Read the intake memo before you meet the client. 2. Look at the documents closely and create a chronology of events. 3. Is the NTV valid? 4. Begin negotiating with the landlord at the beginning of the matter. 5. Legal and non-legal support is available! Where to get help Homeless Law in Practice website (www.hlp.org.au); the law (Annotated RTA and the VCAT Act); precedent letters and sample submissions from Homeless Law; in-firm support from your peers, supervisors or team leaders; Homeless Law staff available by phone or email; and you can consider briefing counsel for complicated matters. Contact Homeless Law for these requests. PIMS *File management system for Homeless Law files Non-legal help Sarah McMahon and Antoinette Russo (Homeless Persons Liaison Officers) at Homeless Law Consent from client to contact support workers the client is engaged with. Some brokerage ($$) available for people at risk of homelessness from HPLOs To use to save tenancies, pay for removalists/one month of storage, or re-house 46
Katie Ho katie.ho@justiceconnect.org.au