Reinforced concrete! the materials the workmanship! cement sand aggregate water concrete mix reinforcement steel fixing formwork and false work concrete mixing and placement
Pantheon Dome, Rome, begun 27 BC
43.4 meters in diameter
M. Hennebique s Country House at Bourg-la Reine 1904
Theories! concrete should be used as: Flat masses unadorned with other material monolithic Masses covered with ornament monolithic and ornamented (movie at end) Original Forms by its own nature a frame--trabeated
Pludemann and Kuster, market hall, Breslau 1908
Auguste Perret, Esders Clothing Factory, " Paris, 1919
Theories! concrete should be used as: Flat masses unadorned with other material monolithic Masses covered with ornament monolithic and ornamented (movie at end) Original Forms by its own nature a frame--trabeated
Designing with concrete: issues Where it s cast: cast on site pre-cast (pre-fabricated) How it s strengthened: reinforced pre-stressed post-tensioned Type of connections: continuous discontinuous
Methods of construction Cast on site concrete The layout should allow the formwork and scaffolding units to be reused many times; they should be able to be relocated without having to be dismantled first. Precast (prefabricated) concrete components The aim is to minimize the number of different elements.
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Sequence of construction
Theories! concrete should be used as: Flat masses unadorned with other material monolithic Masses covered with ornament monolithic and ornamented (movie at end) Original Forms by its own nature a frame--trabeated
Herman Hertzberger, offices for Centraal Beheer insurance company, Apeldoom, 1970-72
Otto Steidle, Genter Strasse housing development, " Munich, 1977
Louis Kahn Richards Medical Research Laboratories University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1957-1961
Pre-stressing (placing the reinforcing steel under tension before the structure supports a load) pre-tensioning at the manufacturing plant (pre-cast) on the job site (site cast) post-tensioning on the job site
Louis Kahn, Richards Medical Research Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1957-1961
zoning: served and servant spaces
fusion: gravitational/levitational hollow structure to fully integrate mechanical systems with structural systems
structure entirely pre-fabricated
post-tensioned cantilevered Vierendeel truss/
The Chapel of St. Ignatius (1997) - Steven Holl
The Chapel of St. Ignatius (1997) - Steven Holl
Designing with concrete: issues Where it s cast: cast on site pre-cast (pre-fabricated) How it s strengthened: reinforced pre-stressed post-tensioned Type of connections: continuous discontinuous
arrangement of tendons around top of column.
tendons with anchorages.
Kimbell Art Museum
Louis I. Kahn, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, 1966-1972
Louis I. Kahn, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, 1966-1972
Louis Kahn, Kimbell Art Museum, section of cycloid, final version
Salk Institute Louis Kahn
Salk Institute Louis Kahn
pre-cast concrete site-cast concrete Art Gallery, Bonn, Germany, architect Axel Schultes, Berlin
pre-cast concrete Art Gallery, Bonn, Germany, architect Axel Schultes, Berlin
site-cast concrete Church of the Light, Ibaraki, Japan architect Tadao Ando and Associates, Osaka
Church of the Light, Ibaraki, Japan architect Tadao Ando and Associates, Osaka
Light and Wind / Ando Church of the Light
interior plan section vertical section
Theories! concrete should be used as: Flat masses unadorned with other material monolithic Masses covered with ornament monolithic and ornamented (movie at end) Original Forms by its own nature a frame--trabeated