Cadastre, innovation and tradition in taxation and real estate market

Cadastre, innovation and tradition in taxation and real estate market relations and interactions in managing information on properties and owners elopmen Piermassimo Pavese Central Directorate for Cadastre, Cartography and Land Registry Cadastral Services Sector Pag 1 www.agenziaentrate.gov.it

Real estate taxation and economic growth In the last years, Real Estate Taxation has been broadly discussed at a European level, as part of the debate about structural reforms able to boost the economy. The configuration of the Real Estate Taxation system is, by nature, a complex one, and involves all levels of government, central and local. In Italy, similarly to the other countries, real estate taxation includes, in fact, taxes on income, on wealth, on the deeds concerning the transfer of real estate rights or leases. Pag 2

Fairness in real estate taxation: knowledge of objects and subjects The significant role played by real estate taxation requires: careful valuation of the fairness level of the tax bases and a consideration of the essential information tools which can facilitate the achievement of this objective. In this context, it is essential: the accurate knowledge of the real estate stock, the continuous monitoring of the characteristics and dynamics of the real estate market, the adoption of coherent and efficient procedures for the mass valuation of tax bases, as well as the correct identification of the taxable persons. In this regard, Agenzia delle Entrate, as public body charged with the management of Tax revenues, Cadastre, Land Registers and the R.E. Market Monitoring System, plays a prominent role in Italy. Pag 3

Innovation? I think innovation is the art and science of taking something that exists and improving on it in a significant way. Pag 4 The English word "tradition" comes from the Latin traditio, the noun from the verb tradere (to transmit, to hand over, to give for safekeeping). It was originally used in Roman law to refer to the concept of legal transfers and inheritance.

CADASTRE under Maria Theresa of Austria SOMMARIONE Pre unification geometric parcel based cadastre Municipality of Lonate Ceppino (Varese) Cadastral map sheet number 7 (1722) INDEX Parcel ID Crop and owner description Size Scale 1 : 5.000 Cadastral map (parcel based) Pag 5

Project aimed at reproducing the maps of the Franciscan Cadastre Project of the State Archive of Trieste, induced by the purpose to establish international agreements to promote access to documentary resources relating to bordering territories of foreign states. During the period 2004-2006 the Project enabled to create a database researching and accessing through a local network a total of 8.279 images of maps for the areas formerly subject to the Austrian monarchy and included in the Adriatic Litorale: Trieste, Rijeka, Gorizia, Istria, Zadar and a part of the province of Udine, produced in the period 1820-1827, with subsequent updates until 1862. Pag 6

Project aimed at reproducing the maps of the Franciscan Cadastre Project of the State Archive of Trieste, induced by the purpose to establish international agreements to promote access to documentary resources relating to bordering territories of foreign states. During the period 2004-2006 the Project enabled to create a database researching and accessing through a local network a total of 8.279 images of maps for the areas formerly subject to the Austrian monarchy and included in the Adriatic Litorale: Trieste, Rijeka, Gorizia, Istria, Zadar and a part of the province of Udine, produced in the period 1820-1827, with subsequent updates until 1862. Pag 7

Fairness in real estate taxation: knowledge of objects The pier was never built? Pag 8

The City Hall Tradition in Cadastre

The Old Lighthouse Tradition in Cadastre

The Lloyd Tower Tradition in Cadastre

Tradition in Cadastre The Carciotti Palace

Law 1st march 1886 n.3682 for the constitution of the Italian Cadastre art. 1 (Purposes) The State will arrange for the creation, in all the Kingdom, of an homogeneous, geometric and parcel based Cadastre, by measurements and assessment, in order to: -register the land properties and their changes, -equalize land taxation. A clear vision of a modern cadastre Pag 13

The effort required to complete the Italian land cadaster The cadastral works necessary to complete the Land Cadastre for all the national territory required about 70 years (conclusion in 1956), more than the 20 years supposed at the beginning Pag 14

Cadastral surveying techniques In 1934 the Italian Cadastre carried out one of the first world experiences in using the aerophotogrammetric method for the creation of cadastral maps. Cadastral map of Campagnano Romano realized by the Cadastre with the aerophotogrammetric method in 1934 Pag 15

Pag 16 Survey methods used for the establishment of the cadastral map

The Italian land information system managed by the Agency REAL ESTATE INFORMATION SYSTEM It shows the technical characteristics of the objects and the holders of real estate rights (not for legal evidence). It gives the values used for taxation purposes. By registering real estate deeds, it manages the information about the transfer of real estate rights and about the mortgages enrolment. It collects and processes information from real estate market and continuously shows the real estate values trend. Pag 17

Pag 18 The Italian Cadastral System: a short overview

Knowledge of the objects: contents of the cadastral system LAND CADASTRE CENSUS ARCHIVE URBAN BUILDING CADASTRE CENSUS ARCHIVE includes technical and descriptive data related to the parcels (85.4 millions) CARTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE includes technical and descriptive data related to the real estate units (72.4 millions) PLANS ARCHIVE about 60 million inhabitants VECTOR includes about 300,000 maps in vector format (344,000 cartographic files) about 300,000 square kilometres includes graphic information (plans) related to each urban real estate unit Pag 19

Knowledge of the objects: technical and graphical description Information geo-referenced on a large scale map URBAN BUILDING CADASTRE Buildings partition into independent real estate units List of the units and related general information Graphical representation Pag 20

Knowledge of the objects: technical and graphical description Detailed information on each Real Estate Urban Unit URBAN BUILDING CADASTRE Cadastral identification code Address Typology (permitted use) Class (level) of productivity Size (number of rooms, area or volume) Cadastral income Floor level Other technical data (from 1985) Owner personal data Type of right and share Real Estate Urban Unit PLAN Pag 21

The updating system The cadastral updating system involves external surveyors in updating the cadastral data base directly from their own offices, The checks are completely transparent because they are performed by a software application based on shared rules, By applying the new updating map the Cadastre and the external surveyors have taken a new step in administrative culture The new updating system of the Cadastre represents an organization model to be proposed to other departments of the Public Administrations Pag 22

Cartographic system The cartographic system is directly related to the administrative census DB of the Land Cadastre through a unique identifier: the parcel number It is complete and homogeneous all over the nation and It is totally managed in vector format It s available in every national and global coordinate systems It is integrated with a high resolution ortho imagery National road maps and Pag 23

Knowledge of the objects: towards an Integrated Land Information System FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS surfing and searching cartographic, graphic and alphanumeric information managed by Agenzia delle Entrate spatial analysis, using spatial connections and overlapping of information layers (cadastral cartography, census data, plans, real estate market data, ortho-photos and street graph data) spatial integration with other objects data from external sources (ISTAT sections, town planning areas, roads from topographic DB, earthquakes map, restrictions or any other content) Pag 24

Knowledge of the objects: information updating Involved players and related roles Owners Private chartered professionals and Notaries AdE The updating of cadastre is mainly committed to real estate owners, through private chartered professionals and notaries, under control of Agenzia delle Entrate Updating documents are submitted through a specific online channel named As from 2015 the use of online channel is compulsory Pag 25

The cadastre for the fight against tax evasion Elevation Surface Model (ESM) Classification of objects aboveground based on height The Law 78/2010, Integration of the cadastral From cartography 2007 to with 2010 DEM, ESM, Infrared Images, Gives to the Agenzia delle Entrate the periodic monitoring of national territory for detecting other more and than ortho 2.000.000 imagery, buildings for the not automatic declared identification to the Italian of cadastre buildings have not declared been automatically the cadastre Identified buildings not registered in cadastre Classification of buildings (red) and vegetation (green) with infrared images Automatic identification of buildings not present on the cadastral map Pag 26 26

Integration of the cadastral Map with orthoimagery and oblique images for the survey of the exterior features of buildings Fg.495 Paticella 234 Pag 27

On the afternoon of the 26th of October 2016 a new earthquake, with magnitude 5.4, has shocked the central Italy with the epicenter close to the area already affected by the earthquake on the 24th of August. A second quake happened in the same area with a magnitude of 5.9. The Italian Civil Protection is currently in action and has requested support to retrieve damage information on the affected areas. The mapping system of Italian Cadastre as a support tool for emergency management Pag 28

Pag 29 The Italian Land Registration System: a short overview

Knowledge of the owner (Cadastre and Land Registry) 1 Some significant legal provisions that facilitate the close integration between Cadastre and Land Registry Law n. 52 of 1985 Obligation to include the cadastral identification code of the real-estate property in the transcription and inscription notations required for the deed registration in the Land Registries. (The cadastral identification code becomes the inter-connection key between the Cadastre and Land Registry) Pag 30 Law n. 358 of 1991 Cadastral and real-estate rights registration functions were placed under the competence of a single Administration (today "Agenzia delle Entrate"). (This circumstance has fostered the introduction of procedural innovations aimed at fully integrating the Cadastral and Land Registry databases) Law n. 122 of 2010 Obligation to include in the deed inter vivos concerning rights on real estate urban units, under penalty of nullity, a declaration of the owner about the compliance of the units state to the cadastral registration. (Provision against the evasion of the cadastral updating regulatory requirement)

Knowledge of the owner (Cadastre and Land Registry) 2 At the end of the First World War Trentino Alto Adige, Trieste and Venezia Giulia were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. Nevertheless the Austrian legislation remained in force. Royal Decree n. 499 of 28 th March 1929, With the Royal Decree no. 499 of 28th March 1929, the Italian legislation established that land registers would be regulated by the Austrian law of 1871, but within a new act linked to the provisions of Italian law. As a result, in Italy we have two different Land Registry systems: a system of deeds registration, moulded on the French and Belgian system, known as trascrizione, a title registration system, moulded on the Austrian Grundbuch, known as tavolare, which is applied to limited areas (Provinces of Trento, Bolzano, Trieste, Gorizia and some municipalities in the Provinces of Udine, Belluno, Vicenza and Brescia), a title registration system, known as archiviazione, which is applied in only two municipalities. Pag 31

On line submission of real estate deeds and cadastral data updating UNICO: SW Procedure for the updating of Public Registers of real estate rights (Land Registry) Notary (own office) drawing up & digital signing Updating results submission WEB PORTAL State of proceeding and registered deed receipts LAND REGISTRY for deed registration (security of tenure) CENTRAL SYSTEM Tax Register CADASTRE for the updating of owner data (fiscal purposes) DEED TAXATION OFFICE for deed taxation RNI National Interbanking Network BANK (for payment of all taxes and fees) Pag 32

Pag 33 The Italian Real Estate Market Monitoring System: a short overview

Real Estate Market Monitoring System (OMI) The Real Estate Market Monitoring System (OMI) collects and analyzes information on real estate prices and rentals of different buildings typologies (houses, offices, commercial, industrial) throughout the whole national territory every half-year. The OMI's aims are pursued by: the management of a Real Estate Quotations* Database, that provides an independent surveying of the real estate value and rent quotations on the whole national territory the production of statistics, analysis and studies ensuring the publication of periodic Reports on Italian Real Estate Market. * Quotations: range (min, max) of the average market value of the units located in a municipality homogeneous zone and characterized with a specific permitted use Pag 34

Land Registry and Cadastral data for OMI Quotations CADASTRAL DATA (Stock) LAND REGISTRY DATA (Sales) Key steps of the OMI process: Municipalities zoning (homogeneous areas) Economic and technical data surveying (sample of units) Data analysis and processing DBs updating (quotations, stock, sales, mortgages) www.agenziaentrate.gov.it Data validation and publication Pag 35

OMI Quotations OMI Quotations are available, free of charge, on the Agency web site. more than 160,000 value quotations: 8,000 municipalities 27,000 homogenous zones 17 different building typologies Pag 36

Conclusion The Italian Cadastre, incorporated in the Agenzia delle Entrate from 1 December 2012, is today a complex and dynamic reality, characterized by the massive use of advanced technologies that allow to remotely communicate with external users through web platforms. Today is higher the degree of computerization achieved in managing such data, but especially in the selection and development of innovative technological solutions that allow real-time updating of cartographic and census archives in respect of the total transparency of administrative procedures. The ADE focuses on innovation and in the quality of the data Pag 37

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