Urban regeneration of large housing estates experiences from Berlin Dirk Böttcher, Senate Department for Urban Development Tallinn 16.11.2011 1
Different basic conditions... legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural...but the same methodology: integrated approach 2
Tool kit for urban regeneration using the example of the large housing estate Marzahn-Hellersdorf in Berlin 3
Large Housing estate Marzahn-Hellersdorf Appartments: 96.000 Inhabitants: 174.000 the biggest large housing estate in Germany
Legal conditions legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 5
Legal conditions Unity of house and land Housing cooperative & owners association: many owners of appartments in one building build a housing cooperative to make decisions for the whole building urban regeneration and subsidies stated in the planning law integrated urban development conception as a condition to get subsidies
Economic conditions... legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 7
Economic conditions property of cooperative building companies (some of them belonging to the city of Berlin), owners associations, housing cooperatives, investment funds and single owners strong partners for the urban development department
Urbanistic conditions... legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 9
Goals for the urban regeneration of large housing estates Adaptation to demographic changes Stabilization of the housing market Combination of demolition and urban regeneration Creative handling of brown and green fields Sanitize the public image Creation of new spots for communication Qualification of educational facilities Participation of inhabitants
Financial conditions... demographic social legal economic Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 11
Financial conditions subsidies for refurbishment of residential and infrastructur buildings subsidies for the design of residential environment FRG and federal states provide funds for urban development Berlin: batch with ERDF + financial resources of the building companies / PPP (credits, if applicable reduced interest rates of the government owned bank)
Initial situation: demographic changes legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 13
Demographic development in Marzahn-Hellersdorf 1994-2003 105% 100% 3.330.242 EW Melderechtliche reg. Einwohner (Indexiert 1994=100 %) 95% 90% 85% 80% 161.500 EW Marzahn Berlin 128.498 EW 75% 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 128.500 EW
Reconstruction of buildings / demolition Marzahn - Hellersdorf demolition of 4.300 appartments
Dwelling stock before demolition
Building site June 2004
Goals of restructuring Survival of the building structure Creation of manageable objects (3 to 6 storeys) offers for handicapped and old people Redesign of the ground floor (entrance, tenants garden) Demolition: 1.393 app. Refurbishment: 409 app. Condominium: 38 app.
New manifold floor plans Roof terraces
Adapting the infrastructure legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 21
Conversion and adaptation of the social infrastructure 22
Design of the residential environment 23
Demolition of social infrastructure
Demolition...what follows? 25
Coordination of temporary use 26
riding Tenants garden BMX track Circus
Ideal: enduring use 28
Social conditions and Empowerment legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 29
Social conditions economic difficulties, increasing pauperization, migration of the middle class have caused changes in the social structure of some quarters of Marzahn-Hellersdorf Neighbourhood management / Social cohesion policy
Components of a Neighbourhood management: interdisciplinary teams as main actors in the area interdisciplinary networking of administrative bodies integrated strategic and activity plan empowerment, "helping people to help them selves" Neighborhood Councils Neighborhood and Residents' Funds multitude of small projects within the different focus areas civic commitment to work towards socially integrative neighbourhoods
Selection of projects in Marzahn
Communication and participation Conferences Neighbourhood councils Participation in projects 33
Charette process with all stakeholders 34
Ecological conditions legal economic demographic social Urban regeneration of large housing estates financial ecologic empowerment urbanistic infrastructural 35
Development of energy costs 1991-2009 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 natural gas / related to 1991 district heating / related to 1991 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 consumer price index / related to 1991=100%
The Structure of the BEEN Results (Baltic Energy Efficiency Network for the Building Stock) Reports and documentations on WPs Info-leaflets to WP 2 through WP 4 Policy paper to WP 1 www.been -online.net Reports on best practice projects Policy Paper + BEEN Results Manual for Tallinn: Mirja Adler (Credit and Export Guarantee Fund Kredex)
Case-Study Berlin: Frankfurter Allee Süd Years of construction: 1965-1985 Owner: 3 building associations, 2 housing cooperatives
Surface-related energy parameters 2010 and reduction in comparison to 1992: FAS 2010-40 % Heating energy demand -41 % Final energy demand -52 % Primary energy demand -70 % CO 2 - Emission 78 kwh/m²a 103 kwh/m²a 60 kwh/m²a 16 kg/m²a Refurbishment of 100% of the residential buildings, including insulation of façade and ceilings, replacement of windows and the modernization of the supply equipment
Insulation Layer Thickness
Achieved state of renovation in East-Berlin Total renovation investments (for the 273.000 precast flats): 5,5 Mrd. 65 % total renovated 35 % prevailing partly renovated Average renovation investments: 20.000 per flat (financed by favourable KfW-Loans) 60.000 flats with comprehensive measures need by average investment costs of 31.600 (supported by additional interest subsidies) 1.000 per flat for improving surroundings
Marzahn-Hellersdorf: integrated approach led to urban regeneration success nearly all appartments are (partly) renovated residential environment is basically redesigned vacancy declining, since 2008 increase of inhabitants and birth public investment: about 700 Mio. subsidies since 1990 social situation in some quarters still problematic 42
Thank you for your attention! www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de www.stadtumbau-berlin.de 43