UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress P-0769 To Improve Space Utilization Efficiency: Periodic Renting Strategies of Residential Open Buildings Chunyu Wang *1 1 Master Degree Candidate, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China Abstract In modern daily life, people always keep switching between various kinds of space patterns. This makes people's demands for space usually divided into two categories: necessary space and periodic space. Take living space as an example, necessary space refers to people s long-term and stable requirements of space, such as a young couple's bedroom, living room, etc.; Periodic space refers to the part-time used, part-time unused space, such as the second bedroom for old people to visit the householder periodically. Leaving periodic space unused brings in waste of social resources and housing pressure. If living space can be periodically rent, its efficiency will be greatly improved. Open buildings have flexibility of renting and transformation as a kind of changeable structure system. Based on open buildings as the background, this paper discusses the possible three kinds of periodic renting modes. One is the model of separated rooms shared by distribution for large family s apartment (open building), set the entrance porch as a space with double doors, and the porch leads to a flexible separated bedroom. When this separated bedroom lie idle periodically, it can be shared for renting out, and the householder s main rooms can be separated by the inner door. The second one is the model of sharing common rooms with a management platform - for the small family s apartment (open building), reserve a public room between two families, set doors on both sides, make use of the common space by community management network platform to minimize the idle space. The third one is large space combined sharing model. Keywords: space efficiency; periodic space; open buildings; residence; renting 1. Introduction In recent years, shared economy developments rapidly. It has covered people s daily life from aspects of food, clothing, shelter and even everything. At the same time, the younger generation s buying tension makes the demand of the public housing rising sharply. Since 2014, the affordable housing system in China * Contact Author: Chunyu Wang, Master Degree Candidate, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China, address: CAUP Building C-219, Tongji University, Siping Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, China Tel: 0086 13163383921 e-mail: ddwcy@sina.com (The publisher will insert here: received, accepted) UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 1
has gradually started to change from affordable housing to the public renting housing. Traditional ways of residential structure have disadvantages like immutable, low efficiency and poor sustainability. They cannot accustom with the requirements of the public renting housing well. Open Building system as a collection of prefabricated, assembled, standardized, and other characteristics, which has maximization value of whole life cycle, and it fits the requirements of the public housing. Modern daily life, people s demand for living space, concerning time span, can be divided into two categories rigid demand space and periodic space. Rigid demand space refers to the long-term stability of space requirements, like a young couple's bedroom, living room, etc.; Periodic space refers to the tenants parts of time using, parts of time unused space, such as a second bedroom for elder people to use with regular need. Periodic unused space brought in the waste of social resources and the pressure of housing demand. If living space can be periodic rent, its efficiency will be greatly improved. Open residential structure s space flexibility, can provide a better strategy for the realization of periodic renting. 2. Advantages of OB system for periodic renting mode There are various types of affordable housing in China, regarding the dependency, they can be roughly divided into the type "housing for sale" and "housing for renting". "Housing for sale" mainly uses cast-in-place reinforced concrete system, which is a mature technology with great cost advantages, and has been widely used in high-rise, multi-storey residential buildings these years. "Housing for renting" as a kind of state-led small area residence instead of permanent residence, its periodic features is more evident it not only needs to fit the characteristics of affordable housing, but also should put forward new requirements for its building technologies. Open building system as a kind of flexible structure, compared with the traditional construction mode, has many advantages on sharing renting. (1) High efficiency of construction, easy to control and maintain quality Public housing mainly focuses on low income group. At the same time, as a government-led project, on the one hand, it needs high construction efficiency; on the other hand, it should be completed with high quality. Open building system can effectively avoid the weather, environment and other factors of production delays. Standardization makes it also easier to control the quality. At the end of a rental period, the managers can decorate the facilities again and non-structural components are more convenient to be replaced for further renting. (2). Construction process satisfies the requirement of sustainable development Open Building system considers more on energy consumption and construction process in building materials, requirements of environmental protection and sustainable design. At the same time, after consigned in a large scale, it can adapt to the future demand of social development and cyclical sharing, and change according to its need of spatial structure and function. (3) It meets the need of "bag check in" Open Building system uses "S (skeleton)" and "I (infill)" to achieve effective separation, and enables the built-in body to be standardly prefabricated in the factory. So the built-in body can be relatively easy to achieve simple decoration, and can satisfy the basic needs of short-term renters. At the same time, it is easy to avoid secondary decoration. 3. Three Renting Models 2 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress
UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 3.1 Separated rooms shared by distribution model Most families are faced with family structure adjustment over time, such as children to go to university, to join the army, etc., when one of the family members of the bedroom will be periodically idle. Separated rooms shared by distribution model, that is, a partition in the house, when the periodic user makes it idle, it can be rent. This sharing model is the main method for most families to rent periodic idle rooms, and it is also a lower level of sharing. Although this model can be used effectively in the areas below 25% sets of accounts for the unused space, but it leads to problems between the tenant and the owner - each other s privacy degree is low, and there is poor security. Tenants and homeowners may require shared bathroom and other issues, which not only reduces the tenant's experience also greatly interfere with the main real life. The advantages of open building system is that it is flexible. Based on the open architecture theory, a new detached sharing mode of bedrooms is put forward. For large open houses, two doors are set at entrance, and the vestibule leads to a flexible recumbent. When the space periodically lies idle, the share of foreign rental, the outer door wall removed or normally open, and the master bedroom from the inner gate is isolated, making full use of idle space (Fig.1). This model has the advantages of strong feasibility and small disassembly. It can solve the privacy and security problems better. Rental of secondary bedroom, such as its own bathroom, also can improve the quality of life tenants. The rental cycle of this model covers the span of being calculated by year and month. Fig.1. (by author) 3.2 common rooms with a management platform sharing model The younger generation usually does not have enough financial strength, so this part of the population has become the main force for public rental housing. Their budget is limited, and they usually don't rent very well. Many singles or young couples, tend to rent a residence with only one bedroom (or bedroom and living room together). But some of these young people love to meet and entertain at home with friends, so the crowd has an extra periodical need for space to accommodate more guests, apart from renting in rigid spaces. But periodical demand may not impel the tenant to afford a room that is extra which may be usually unused. Common rooms with a management platform sharing model is a solution to the periodic extra space needs between independent households it can reserve a public room, double door, via the community management network platform appointment for using the shared space, through the open building system to UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 3
flexibly adjust the interior body parts, implementation the minimization of idle space (Fig.2). This makes two rooms need combined into one, realizing sharing connected with the Internet, which is a high degree of sharing. This model can save about 25-40% of the periodic space, which can effectively utilize the space and save the rent of the tenant. However, although there is use of the Internet platform for reservation coordination, but because there may be shared space needed by both sides at the same time, which may cause a small probability of conflict, there is still need for further discussion. At the time of conflict, it is a better solution to follow the principle of "friendly consultation, first come first served" under the Internet discipline. In addition to two common required party meeting space, public space sharing platform uses the pattern more similar. For example, a webstore owner shared a warehouse, and a different demand person shared a bedroom. Due to the characteristics of the open building system, the interior furniture and space pattern can be flexibly adjusted with the requirements of the periodic tenants. The rental cycle of this model covers the span of being calculated by days and days. Fig.2. (by author) 3.3 Large space combined sharing model The prevalence of the SOHO model in contemporary society has enabled more people to leave the office and return to the new model of home office. Usually, such families are based on a small group of 1-3 people, and small meetings do not require too much space during office hours. But family offices sometimes involve more people at the same time, and then they need some larger space for meetings, and this periodic demand often takes up only a small part of the time. If a larger size of the apartment is rented due to the need for a large meeting room, more space will be left unused and wasted. Large space combined sharing model is aimed at periodic meetings, aggregation demand of rental model, the adjacent of two public spaces, which can use simple installation of light partition wall for separation. When large public space is needed, they will be removed for space sharing, realizing the neighborhood space of win-win utilization rate. This is equivalent to the separation and composition of the two small groups within the large work group. Such as a start-up company of 5 people, divided into 2 departments, a department of 3 people and a 4 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress
department of 2. Because of interference prone problems, usually they are relatively independent of the majority for they do different works. When the weekly meeting between the two, the structure can be removed or partial sliding and overlapping, two small and large space added to one space. With more than 2 households sharing space, under reasonable conditions, can also be extended to the merger of 3 or more households (Fig.3). This model s realization will require additional rent accounted for a large conference originally comprising an area of 40-60% room through to the small space integration, efficient use of small space and save the tenant rent, which is the highest degree of share. Of course, a relatively low share of space combination model is feasible in the three models, there are also some operational problems, such as the requirements of the adjacent for the same company organization structure, requirements of open housing in acoustics, mechanical and thermal properties and easy for change. The rental cycle of this model covers the span of being calculated by days and days. Fig.3. (by author) This paper is subsidized by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51678412). References 1) SH Kendall, J Teicher. Residential Open Building. Spon Press. 1999 2) Li Zhenyu, City Air Reading. UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 5