B+C A Barnard and Columbia Architecture HOUSING PERCEPTIONS COMPLEX: OF ARCHITECTURE! SPACES AND! TERRITORIES!! OF! HABITATION! (version 9/7/2016) Version 1.0 Fall 2016 ARCH UN3312_001 Special Topics Room TBC, The Diana Center Prof. Ignacio G. Galán, igalan@barnard.edu Office: 503 B, 212-854-8001 Office Hours: Wed. 4:00-6:00PM A. COURSE DESCRIPTION This class will offer a critical and speculative platform to analyze the architectures of housing through seminar discussions and workshop exercises. Housing is a central topic for disciplinary discussion and practice: while the house is many times regarded as the realm of intimacy and retreat from the outside world, we will address housing as an architecture central to the organization of society, and will inspect its relation to changing cultural and technological frameworks, economic processes, and political arrangements. We will study housing as it is defined through spatial configurations and territorial arrangements. We will consider how housing structures ways of being together, and how it draws realms of inclusion and exclusion at different scales defining domains of domesticity and foreignness. We will additionally explore how these definitions are not constructed by architectural elements alone, but are additionally constituted through technological networks, arrangements of objects, and institutional policies, which result in diverse individual occupations and collective forms of organization. The discussion component of the class will bring into focus different theoretical frameworks and will consider historical transformations of the architectures of housing throughout the last century. Workshop exercises will ground this inquiry through research on contemporary case studies in New York City. The development and rehearsal of systems of representation adequate to address the questions identified in our discussion and research will be a central component of the class s work, and will link our efforts to current speculations within the discipline. 1
Pedagogical Goals 1. Acquire critical and representational tools to speculate on the architectures of housing both as a discursive and a design endeavor. 2. Verbally and visually communicate architectural concepts in multiple media formats. 3. Understand historical genealogies and theoretical debates relating to the architectures of housing in the modern and contemporary periods. 4. Relate these genealogies and debates to contemporary challenges and current practices of housing. 5. Develop tools of design research. Prerequisites Students should be familiar with architectural techniques of representation, and should have taken at least one design studio prior to taking this course. Andres Jaque, Hoime Urbanisms (2012) 2
B. CLASS FORMAT The class will meet twice a week: Mondays will be dedicated for seminar discussions, while Wednesdays will be reserved for activities related to the development of workshop exercises. The course will be structured around two blocks of readings articulating the discussion sessions and two main exercises organizing the workshop. Two special sessions of seminar activities with planned in the weeks with the workshop pin-ups corresponding to each of the exercises. Discussion Sessions SPACES Defining an outside - Mark Wigley, Untitled: The Housing of Gender in Sexuality & Space (New York: Princeton Architectural, 1992), 332-65 -Robin Evans, "Figures, Doors and Passages" in Translations from Drawing to Building (London: Architectural Association, 1997), 56-90 -Walter Benjamin, "Paris, Capital of the Nineteenth Century" in The Arcades Project (Cambridge: Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 1999), 14-26 -Debora Silverman, "The Brothers de Goncourt: Between History and the Psyche" in Art Nouveau in Fin-de- Siècle France: Politics of Psychology, and Style (Oakland: University of California Press, 1989) -Theodor Adorno, "Interieur" in Kierkegaard, Construction of the Aesthetic (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989) Facing the inside -Gaston Bachelard, excerpts from The Poetics of Space (Boston: Beacon Press, 1969), 3-37 -Diana Fuss, "Freud's Ear" in The Sense of an Interior (New York: Routledge, 2004) -Beatriz Colomina, " Intimacy and Spectacle, in AA files n.20 (Autumn 1990), 5-14 -Sigmund Freud, "The Uncanny" in The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (London: Vintage, 2001) -Anthony Vidler, "Houses" in The Architectural Uncanny (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992), 17-44 Adolf Loos, Moller House in Vienna (1930), as conceptualized by Beatriz Colomina (1994) Sigmund Freud s house and consulting room in Vienna (1891-38) 3
Neighbor spaces -Hanna Arendt, "The Polis and the Household" and "The Rise of the Social" in The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 22-49 -Dolores Hayden, "Collectivizing the Domestic Workplace," Lotus n. 44 (1989), 72-89 -Eve Blau, "ISOTYPE and modern architecture in Red Vienna" in Use matters: An alternative history of architecture, Kenny Cupers ed. (New York: Routledge, 2013), 15-34 - Niklas Maak, After the House, beyond the Nuclear Family, in Living complex : from zombie city to the new communal (Munich: Hirmer, 2015), 136-159 -Le Corbusier, Freedom through order and On repetition or mass production, in The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning [1929] (New York: Dover Publications, 1987), 211-231 -Gwendolyn Wright, "The New Suburban Expansion and the American Dream," Building the Dream: A social History of Housing in America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), 240-261 Technological domesticities -Georges Teyssot, "Water and gas on all floors," Lotus n. 44 (1989), 83-92 -Reyner Banham, "A Home is not a House" in Penny Sparke ed. Design by Choice (London: Academy Editions, 1981), 70-79 -Beatriz Colomina, The Office in the Boudoir in Office US: Agenda (Zurich: Lars Muller, 2014), 81-88 -Donna Haraway, A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century, in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York; Routledge, 1991), 149-155 -Sigfried Gideon, excerpts from "Mechanization encounters the Household" in Mechanization Takes Command (New York: W.W.Norton and Company, 1969) -Anthony Vidler "Homes for Cyborgs" in The Architectural Uncanny (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1992) -Shundana Yusaf, "The English House in the Age of Its Wireless Dispersion" in Broadcasting Buildings, Architecture on the Wireless 1927-1945 (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2014) -James Hay, "The 21st Century Hotel Your Media/Home Away from Home," in David B. Clarke et al. ed. Moving Pictures/Stopping Places (Lexington Books, 2009), 371-37 Object arrangements -Jean Baudrillard, "Structures of Interior Design" in The System of Objects (London: Verso, 1996) 30-62 -Christopher Reed, "A Room of One's Own: The Bloomsbury Group's Creation of a Modernist Domesticity," in Not at Home (London: Thames and Hudson, 1996), 147-160 -Jesse LeCavalier, Stuff During Logistics, in After Belonging: The Objects, Spaces, and Territories of the Ways We Stay in Transit (Zurich: Lars Muller, 2016), 166-178 -Karl Marx, The Fetishm of the Commodity and its Secrets" in Capital. A critique of political economy (London: Penguin Classics, 1990) -Greg Castillo "Household affluence and its discontents" in Cold War on the Home Front: The Soft Power of Mid Century Design (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010) 4
TERRITORIES Planned Communities -Robert Moses, Mr. Moses Dissects the Long-Haired Planners and Jane Jacobs from The Death and Life of Great American Cities in Joan Ockman ed. Architecture Culture 1943-1968 (New York: Columbia Books, 1993), 55-63 and 338-340 -Kenny Cupers, The expertise of participation, in The social project : housing postwar France (Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 2014), 137-183 -Andrew Herscher, Blight, Spatial Racism, and the Demolition of the Housing Question in Detroit, in Housing after the Neoliberal Turn (Leipzig: Spector Books, 2015), 39-46 Additional reading: -Reinhold Martin, Territory, in Utopia's ghost: architecture and postmodernism, again (Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 2010), 1-26 -Mariana Fix, The Real Estate Circuit and (the Right to) the City: Notes on the Housing Question in Brazil in Housing after the Neoliberal Turn (Leipzig: Spector Books, 2015), 13-20 World Dwelling -Pierre Bourdieu, "The Berber House or the World Reversed" in Social Science Information n.9 (1970), 151-170 -Pamela Karimi, "Dwelling, Dispute and the Space of Modern Iran" in Aggregate ed. Governing by Design (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 2012), 119-139 -Justin McGuirk, From Lima to Santiago: A Platform for Change in Radical Cities: Across Latin America in Search of a New Architecture (London and NY: Verso, 2014), 108-127 -Aldo Van Eyck et al., "A Miracle of Moderation" in Charles Jencks and George Baird ed. Meaning in Architecture (New York: Brazilier, 1969) -Felicity Scott, "Bernard Rudolfsky: Allegories of Nomadism and Dwelling" in Sarah Williams Goldhagen and Rejean Legault ed. Anxious Modernisms (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), 215-234 -Homi Bhabha, "The world and the home," Social Text 10.2-3 (1992), 141-151 -Sarah Lynn Lopez,"The Remittance House: Dream Homes at a Distance" in The Remittance Landscape: Spaces of Migration in Rural Mexico and Urban USA (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015) Diagram of the Berber House as conceptualized by Pierre Bourdieu Introduction of the Electrolux refrigerator in Iran, Tehran musavvar n.385 (1950) 5
Infrastructures of Transience -Michel Agier, The Desert, The Camp and The City, in On the Margins of the World (Malden, Mass: Polity Press, 2008), 39-72 -Ijlal Muzaffar, Prisoners of the Present: Transient Populations, Sovereign Thoughts, and Depoliticization of Housing in the Postwar Era, in After Belonging: The Objects, Spaces, and Territories of the Ways We Stay in Transit (Zurich: Lars Muller, 2016), 166-178 -Zygmunt Bauman "Tourists and Vagabonds" in Globalization: The Human Consequences (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 1998) -Edward Said, Reflections on exile, [1984] in Reflections on Exile and Other Essays (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000) -Romola Sanyal, "Urbanizing Refuge: Interrogating Spaces of Displacement, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 38.2 (March, 2014) Financial Landscapes -Frederik Engels, excerpts from The Housing Question (New York: International Pub., 1935), 43-77 -Reinhold Martin, Real Estate Agency in Reinhold Martin, Jacob Moore, and Susanne Schindler ed., The Art of Inequality" (New York: The Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture, 2015), 92-128 -Jonathan Massey, "Risk and Regulation in the Financial Architecture of American Houses" in Aggregate ed. Governing by Design (Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press, 2012) -David Madden and Peter Marcuse, In Defense of Hosing (London and NY: Verso, 2016), excerpts Homelessness and the Urban Commons - Rosalyn Deutsche, "Krzysztof Wodiczko's Homeless Projection and the site of urban revitalization," in Evictions (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1996), 3-48 -David Harvey, "The creation of the Urban Commons," in Rebel Cities (New York: Verso, 2009), 67-88 -Peter Marcuse, Neutralizing Homelessness, in Tamara L. Roleff ed. The Homeless: Opposing Viewpoints (San Diego, Greenhaven Press, 1990) -Krzysztof Wodiczko, Conversations about a project for a homeless vehicle, October n.47 (Winter 1988) Empty condominiums in downtown Toronto (2013) Krzysztof Wodiczko, The Homeless Vehicle Project (1988) 6
Workshop Exercises Students will develop two analyses of the selected case study and will rehearse one system of representation to address each of them. Each exercise offers two alternative topics for students to address. Each exercise will be started with a discussion of the topics and representation systems to be explored, followed by deskcrits and collective class discussions, and will end in a review pin-up. The two exercises will be compiled for the final review, adding a summary text (400 words) and a summary image. A selection of case studies will be offered in the first class, but students are invited to present their own options. These might include: An apartment building in Chinatown, a Barnard/Columbia dormitory building, a NYCHA public housing development, a squatted housing (such as C-squat), a homeless shelter, a co-housing project (such as Pure House), a recent high end development (such as 432 Park Avenue), and a recent micro-housing development (such as Carmel Place). Typologies: Gillows and Co., Furnishings for a small drawing room (1822) EXERCISE 1 Typologies: This analysis should address the spatial organization of the case study a stake, its constitutive formal features, and their historical evolution in relation to the development of NYC housing. Representational strategies should address these questions with a critical use of isometric or perspective drawings. Individual Occupations: This approach to the exercise aims to deal with the ways in which the selected case study is appropriated by a user, and will document the different objects and technologies that mediate this process of occupation. A documentary photo journal will be used to address the relations between spaces, inhabitants, programs, and meanings. Individual Occupations: Martha Rosler, Semiotics of the Kitchen (1975) 7
Write a letter about the problem to your landlord and send it by certified mail so you can prove when you sent it. Keep a copy for yourself. If you don t have heat, keep a list of the temperature in your apartment at different days and times. Take photos of the problem. Use a camera that shows the date and time when the photos were taken. You should get a community organization, like CAAAV, to help you with this. For URGENT PROBLEMS, like if you don t have heat or hot water in the winter, you can file an emergency lawsuit. The more people who are complaining, the more the landlord will have to respond. Stay on the phone until you receive instructions in Chinese. Call many times, until they come see the problem. The more times you call, the more important the issue will be to them. Don t worry; they won t get mad at you! To do this, go to Housing Court at 111 Centre Street, and ask to see the HP clerk to file an emergency HP action. You can ask for interpreters in court. You will present your problem to a judge in about a week. Keep calling 311 while you are waiting to see the judge. Other groups of tenants have been successful in joining together. There are organizations that can help you join together to get problems fixed. They can help you to get access to lawyers. 說服住客一起合起來 其實很難的 我們叫他們 [ 試試看 ] 出來參加會議 如果人家看到有力量的話他們會團結起來的 [ 而 ] 我們團結起來才有力量的! 61 號地蘭西街和 135 號地威臣街住客, 住客協會會員 Write down the reference number they give you when you call, and mention it when you call again. Be as specific as possible A tenant told me she won in when you describe the court. She thought she would get evicted, but because she had problem, and make sure called 311 and the landlord had to use the same words so many violations on record, every time. the landlord couldn t evict them. Resident of 61 Delancey and member of CAAAV s Chinatown Tenants Union 個住客告訴我他上法庭上贏了 本來他以為會被驅趕的, 可是因為他那裡有打 311 而房東有多少違規的條例在 311 記錄下來, 所以房東沒辦法趕他們走 61 號地蘭西街住客, 住客協會會員 Convincing other tenants to come together...its hard. We ask them to come out for a meeting...if people see there s power they ll come together. We can only have power if we unite! Residents of 61 Delancey and 135 Division 我有一個朋友問我房東我說, 他如果拿那筆錢拿在房租上, 而且很難找到的房子的 我叫他不要收 74 號包厘街住客, 住客協會 I have a friend whose landlord tried to pay him to move out. I told him that if he took the money, rent [for a new apartment] would use it all up it s really hard to find rent-stabilized housing I told him not to take the money. Residents of 74 Forsyth and member of CAAAV s Chinatown Tenants Union 1 3 如果房東不作維修我應該怎麼辦? 把你的問題記錄下來寫信向你的房東反映問題, 以掛號信寄出去而保存好收據 如果房間裡沒有暖氣, 做一個表格來記錄房間內和樓宇外的溫度 KEEP TRACK OF THE PROBLEM 如果通過以上方式不能解決問題, 你可以通過房屋法庭來告房東以迫使他做出維修 IF THAT DOESN T WORK, YOU CAN GO TO HOUSING COURT AND FILE A LAWSUIT AGAINST YOUR LANDLORD SO HE HAS TO MAKE REPAIRS. WHAT CAN I DO IF MY LANDLORD WON T MAKE REPAIRS? 將房間裡有問題的地方拍照 請用能顯示日期與時間的相機拍照 與社區居民大家並肩保障我們的社區繼續是負擔得起的 你可以通過 唐人住客協會 之類的社區組織以取得相關幫助 如果遇到冬天供暖 熱水之類的緊急問題糾紛, 你可以提起緊急訴訟 JOIN OTHERS IN THE COMMUNITY WHO ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO KEEP OUR NEIGHBORHOOD AFFORDABLE 4 撥打 311, 讓市政府派人來檢問題請在線等待, 一直到聽到中文提示為止 在專人來看問題以前請不斷撥打電話 你撥打電話的次數越多他們越會重視 請不要擔心他們會因此而生你的氣 CALL 311 TO GET THE CITY TO INSPECT THE PROBLEM 如需緊急訴訟, 請到中央街 111 號的 房屋法庭 找一位 HP 專員 辦理 你可以在法院要求翻譯服務 在遞交訴訟的一周左右, 你就能向法官陳述問題 在見到法官之前, 請堅持撥打 311 求助電話 與其單獨要求維修住房, 不如聯同其他住戶一同提出要求 這樣往往更加行之有效 IT CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE TO ASK FOR REPAIRS AS A GROUP, INSTEAD OF ON YOUR OWN. 投訴的人越多, 房東就越其他樓宇的住客成功地須要對問題作出回覆 聚集過 2 單獨的住客有時在法庭上也能贏, 但是真正的成功案例都是來自集體行動 INDIVIDUAL TENANTS CAN SOMETIMES WIN IN COURT, BUT THE REAL SUCCESSES COME FROM ORGANIZING AND COLLECTIVE ACTION. 社區組織可以協助你群策群力來解決問題 社會組織或能幫你跟律師取得建議或許幫助 如果你遇到物業問題, 你的鄰居們大多也在面臨相同的問題 IF YOU RE HAVING A PROBLEM, YOUR NEIGHBORS ARE PROBABLY EXPERIENCING THE SAME THING. 撥打電話時請記下他們給你的編號, 並在下次撥打電話時告知他們你的編號 打電話時請盡可能詳細描述問題 每次打電話都請盡量使用相同的辭彙 租金管制的住客曾經集體贏得重要保障, 而使所有紐約居民都受益 RENT-STABILIZED TENANTS HAVE ORGANIZED TOGETHER TO WIN IMPORTANT PROTECTIONS THAT ALL NEW YORKERS BENEFIT FROM. Collective Practices: This study will consider the different systems of organization at play in the housing project under examination, addressing the way in which those enact or challenge the buildings social and political frameworks. These practices will be represented through the deployment of a narrative in the form of a graphic novel. 3 1 1 welcometo Policies: Center for Urban Pedagogy (CUP), Rent Regulations RIghts EXERCISE 2 Policies: This examination of the case study we will deal with the political and legal frameworks structuring the limitations and possibilities of the particular housing project being considered. Research should be made available though policy diagrams rendering those frameworks and their potentials visible. Collective Practices: This study will consider the different systems of organization at play in the housing project under examination, addressing the way in which those enact or challenge the buildings social and political frameworks. These practices will be represented through the deployment of a narrative in the form of a graphic novel. Collective Practices: Chris Ware, Building Stories (2012) Each exercise should unfold in 3 11 x17 spreads. The first of them should be dedicated to the research process including, for example, a representation of historical information, an explanation of the different pieces of evidence mobilized, interview transcripts, or a description of the agents included in the narrative among others. Students will present 8 11 x17 spreads at the end of the semester, 3 for each exercise and 2 with the summary. Background information on NYC housing can be found in: - Alfred Mediolo, Housing Form and Public Policy in the United States - Richard Plunz, History of Housing in New York City: Dwelling Type and Social Change in the American Metropolis 8
C. EVALUATION AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY Student s final grade will consider both seminar participation and workshop exercises in the following percentages: Seminar: 30% Preparation of seminar discussion: 15% To prepare the seminar sessions, students should bring to class either a written question responding to the readings, an image addressing the topics considered in the readings, or a news item related to the readings, for collective evaluation in the class. Participation in seminar discussions: 15% Workshop: 70% Exercise 1: 25% Exercise 2: 25% Final Compilation (including revised exercises): 20% Attendance Attendance to all course meetings is mandatory. If you have a good reason for missing class, please inform the professor by email beforehand. Otherwise, every unexcused absence after the second one will lead to a reduction of the grade in fragments of one-third of a letter grade (A- to B+). More than four unexcused absences will lead to an automatic failure in the course. Academic Integrity Statement on academic integrity: The intellectual venture in which we are all engaged requires of faculty and students alike the highest level of personal and academic integrity. As members of an academic community, each one of us bears the responsibility to participate in scholarly discourse and research in a manner characterized by intellectual honesty and scholarly integrity. The full statement can be found at www.college.columbia.edu/academics/integrity/statement. We expect that students will work in accordance with their honor code. You can find them at www.barnard.edu/dos/honorcode and www.college.columbia.edu/honorcode Academic integrity violations in this class will be referred to the Dean s Discipline process. 9
D. SCHEDULE Wednesday 9/7 Monday 9/12 Wednesday 9/14 Monday 9/19 Wednesday 9/21 Monday 9/26 Wednesday 9/28 Monday 10/3 Wednesday 9/28 Monday 10/10 Wednesday 10/12 Monday 10/17 Wednesday 10/19 Monday 10/24 Wednesday 10/26 Monday 10/31 Wednesday 11/2 Monday 11/7 Wednesday 11/9 Monday 11/14 Wednesday 11/16 Monday 11/21 Wednesday 11/23 Monday 11/28 Wednesday 11/30 Monday 12/5 Wednesday 12/7 Monday 12/12 Introduction S1:SPACES. Defining an outside W1: Presentation and discussions of case studies. S2: SPACES. Facing the inside W2: EXERCISE 1. Class discussion S3: SPACES. Neighbor spaces W3: EXERCISE 1. Desckrits S4: SPACES 4. Technological domesticities W4: EXERCISE 1. Class discussion S5: SPACES 5. Object arrangements W5: EXERCISE 1. Deskcrit W7: EXERCISE 1. Pin-up S6: SPACES. Seminar activities S7: TERRITORIES. World Dwelling W8: EXERCISE 2. Class discussion S8: TERRITORIES. Planned Communities W9: EXERCISE 2. Deskcirts Election Day W10: EXERCISE 2. Class discussion S9: TERRITORIES. Infrastructures of Transience W11: EXERCISE 2. Deskcrit W11: EXERCISE 2. Pin-up S10: TERRITORIES. Seminar activities S11: TERRITORIES. Financial Landscapes W12: Compilation and Formatting S12: TERRITORIES. Homelessness and the Urban Commons W14: Compilation and Formatting Final Review * Students with Disabilities Students with disabilities who will be taking this course and may need disability-related accommodations are encouraged to register in advance with the Office of Disability Services (ODS) in 008 Milbank for Barnard students or Disability Services at Wien Hall, Main Floor Suite 108A for Columbia students. 10