Land Distribution in Cambodia

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FIG Working Week 0 Bridging the Gap Between Cultures TS04H - Management of State and Public Sector Land Friday, 0 May, -.0, Reda Land Distribution in Cambodia Experiences and New Approaches for State Land Management Basic Facts about Cambodia Challenge of Land Distribution Solutions: Partnership Approach Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite Basic Facts about Cambodia () Kingdom of Cambodia BIP p.c. = 667 US$ (WB 009) HDI = 4 (UNDP 00),4 Mio (Census 008) 80.5% rural population of which 7.% ag sector (Yearbook 008) 85% farmers own less ha Landless: ca. 0% Food insecure: ca. 0% Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite FIG Working Week 0 Marrakech, Morocco, 8 May 0

Basic Facts about Cambodia () Modern Land Rights between Colonialism, Communism and Market Economy French Cadastre from 90ies Khmer Rouge 975-79 Vietnamese 979-989 Private Possession 986 Private Property 989 Land Law 99 End of Civil War 997 Khmer Rouge Dam Project in 976 Land Law 00: systematic registration, Economic Land Concessions, Social Land Concessions Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 0 06 0 Basic Facts about Cambodia () Cambodian Land Administration, Management & Distribution Program 00-07 LAND ADMINISTRATION LAND MANAGEMENT LAND DISTRIBUTION Policy & Lega l Framework Institution Building Land registration system Resolution of land disputes Policy & Lega l Framework Institution Building Spatial planning Urban informal settlements Policy & Lega l Framework Institution Building Social Land Concessions Partnership with Investors Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 4 FIG Working Week 0 Marrakech, Morocco, 8 May 0

Basic Facts about Cambodia (4) Source: AFD-Cambodia, February 0 Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 5 Challenge of Land Distribution () Land distribution results in Cambodia (April 0) 47 Economic Land Concessions distributed:.400.000 ha Economic Concession size mostly 000 ha to 0.000 ha. 64 Community-based Social Land Concessions : 6.77 ha Social Concession size ha to ha. 0 IMPACT: Land tenure security for 47 Concessions and for 64 landless HH NEED: minimum 00.000 Landless and Land Poor HH need land Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia FIG Working Week 0 Marrakech, Morocco, 8 May 0 Seite 6

Challenge of Land Distribution () Art. Sub-decree on : Economic Land Concession refers to a mechanism to reclassify public to private state land and grant a specific economic land concession contract to a concessionaire to use for agricultural and industrial-agricultural exploitation. Allocative efficiency = land is allocated in a way which maximizes the total national welfare Market & Government Failure land concentration land underutilization lack of workers environmental impact Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 7 Challenge of Land Distribution () Art. (a) Sub-decree on SLC: Social land concession is a legal mechanism to reclassify public to private state land for social purposes for those poor who lack land for residential and/or family farming purposes. Distributive justice = land is distributed to those most in need of it Market & Government Failure lack of capital (debts) lack of technology lack of good agricultural practices lack of market access Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 8 FIG Working Week 0 Marrakech, Morocco, 8 May 0 4

Challenge of Land Distribution (4) Competition between and SLC National and international investors have strong financial basis strong political backing through government and party Simple, intransparent processes to follow to get the land Communes / small holders have No financial means No or weak political backing Difficult, transparent processes to follow to get the land IMPACT: Communes /Small Holders Lose against Investors TARGETED SOLUTION: Create Win-Win Situation Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 9 9 Solutions: Partnership Approach () Vision: [ ] Land distribution shall ensure equity, social stability, food security and facilitate investment based on the natural characteristic, type and quality of soil for sustainable socio-economic development, prevent land concentration and promote productive and effective use of land. (Land Policy Declaration 009) Off-farm income Labor Farm income Partnership Farming long-term loans Capital land as collateral Technology Supply of crops Land Order quantity Good ag practices Staple & cash crops Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite 0 FIG Working Week 0 Marrakech, Morocco, 8 May 0 5

Solutions: Partnership Approach (). Regularization. Land Adjustment Informal SH Formal SLC/SH Informal SH Formal SLC/SH Grandis Timber. Nucleus/Plasma Cambodian Investor 4. Community Title SLC/SH SLC/SH SLC/SH SLC/SH European Investor Informal SH Formal SLC/SH Future Model Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite Many thanks for your attention! Dr. Franz-Volker Müller / Poch Sophorn GIZ-Cambodia, Land Rights Program Franz-Volker.Mueller@giz.de / Sophorn.Poch@giz.de Dr. Franz-Volker Müller, GIZ-Cambodia Seite FIG Working Week 0 Marrakech, Morocco, 8 May 0 6