Studies in European Culture and History edited by Eric D. Weitz and Jack Zipes University of Minnesota Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism, the very meaning of Europe has been opened up and is in the process of being redefined. European states and societies are wrestling with the expansion of NATO and the European Union and with new streams of immigration, while a renewed and reinvigorated cultural engagement has emerged between East and West. But the fast-paced transformations of the last fifteen years also have deeper historical roots. The reconfiguring of contemporary Europe is entwined with the cataclysmic events of the twentieth century, two world wars and the Holocaust, and with the processes of modernity that, since the eighteenth century, have shaped Europe and its engagement with the rest of the world. Studies in European Culture and History is dedicated to publishing books that explore major issues in Europe s past and present from a wide variety of disciplinary perspectives. The works in the series are interdisciplinary; they focus on culture and society and deal with significant developments in Western and Eastern Europe from the eighteenth century to the present within a social historical context. With its broad span of topics, geography, and chronology, the series aims to publish the most interesting and innovative work on modern Europe. Published by Palgrave Macmillan: Fascism and Neofascism: Critical Writings on the Radical Right in Europe by Eric Weitz Fictive Theories: Towards a Deconstructive and Utopian Political Imagination by Susan McManus German-Jewish Literature in the Wake of the Holocaust: Grete Weil, Ruth Klüger, and the Politics of Address by Pascale Bos Turkish Turn in Contemporary German Literature: Toward a New Critical Grammar of Migration by Leslie Adelson Terror and the Sublime in Art and Critical Theory: From Auschwitz to Hiroshima to September 11 by Gene Ray Transformations of the New Germany edited by Ruth Starkman Caught by Politics: Hitler Exiles and American Visual Culture edited by Sabine Eckmann and Lutz Koepnick Legacies of Modernism: Art and Politics in Northern Europe, 1890 1950 edited by Patrizia C. McBride, Richard W. McCormick, and Monika Zagar Police Forces: A Cultural History of an Institution edited by Klaus Mladek Richard Wagner for the New Millennium: Essays in Music and Culture edited by Matthew Bribitzer-Stull, Alex Lubet, and Gottfried Wagner
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The Balkan Prospect Vangelis Calotychos Violence and Gender in the New Europe: Islam in German Culture Beverly M. Weber One Family s Shoah: Victimization, Resistance, Survival in Nazi Europe Herbert Lindenberger Memory and Postwar Memorials: Confronting the Past as Violence edited by Marc Silberman and Florence Vatan Punk Rock and German Crisis: Adaptation and Resistance after 1977 Cyrus M. Shahan Reimagining the European Family: Cultures of Immigration Patricia Anne Simpson Jorge Semprún and the Spanish Holocaust: The Duty of the Witness, The Task of the Writer Ofelia Ferrán and Gina Herrmann The Novel-Essay, 1884 1947 Stefano Ercolino Transnationalism and the German City edited by Jeffry M. Diefendorf and Janet Ward
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Transnationalism and the German City Edited by Jeffry M. Diefendorf and Janet Ward
TRANSNATIONALISM AND THE GERMAN CITY Copyright Jeffry M. Diefendorf and Janet Ward, 2014. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-39016-5 All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in the United States a division of St. Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-48257-3 ISBN 978-1-137-39017-2 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9781137390172 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Transnationalism and the German city / edited by Jeffry M. Diefendorf and Janet Ward. pages cm. (Palgrave studies in European culture and history) Includes index. 1. Urbanization Social aspects Germany. 2. Transnationalism Germany. 3. Nationalism Germany. 4. Sociology, Urban Germany. I. Diefendorf, Jeffry M., 1945 II. Ward, Janet, 1963 HT384.G3T73 2014 305.80943 dc23 2013038312 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: April 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents List of Figures ix Introduction Transnationalism and the German City 1 Jeffry M. Diefendorf and Janet Ward One Two Part I Contested Urban Publics Enlightenment in the European City: Rethinking German Urbanism and the Public Sphere 13 Daniel Purdy Posen or Poznań, Rathaus or Ratusz: Nationalizing the Cityscape in the German-Polish Borderland 37 Elizabeth A. Drummond Three Inclusion and Segregation in Berlin, the Social City 55 Stephan Lanz Four Five Six Wild Barbecuing : Urban Citizenship and the Politics of Transnationality in Berlin s Tiergarten 73 Bettina Stoetzer Part II Crossing Boundaries in Modern German Planning Transnational Dimensions of German Anti-Modern Modernism: Ernst May in Breslau 89 Deborah Ascher Barnstone Was There an Ideal Socialist City? Socialist New Towns as Modern Dreamscapes 105 Rosemary Wakeman Seven Housing as Transnational Provocation in Cold War Berlin 125 Greg Castillo Eight Transatlantic Crossings of Planning Ideas: The Neighborhood Unit in the USA, UK, and Germany 141 Dirk Schubert
viii / contents Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Part III City Cultures and the German Transnational Imaginary Princes and Fools, Parades and Wild Women: Creating, Performing, and Preserving Urban Identity through Carnival in Cologne and Basel 161 Jeffry M. Diefendorf The Local, the National and the Transnational? Spatial Dimensions in Hamburg s Memory of World War I during the Weimar Republic 173 Janina Fuge From the American West to West Berlin: Wim Wenders, Border Crossings, and the Transnational Imaginary 187 Nicole Huber and Ralph Stern Part IV German Urban Heritage for a Transnational Era Post Postwar Re-Construction of a Destroyed Heimat: Perspectives on German Discourse and Practice 207 Grischa F. Bertram and Friedhelm Fischer Berlin s Museum Island: Marketing the German National Past in the Age of Globalization 223 Tracy Graves The Historic Preservation Fallacy? Transnational Culture, Urban Identity, and Monumental Architecture in Berlin and Dresden 239 John V. Maciuika Notes on Contributors 261 Index 265
Figures Book Cover Puzzle map: Germany and other countries. Source: Image courtesy of Maria Mitrofanova / Fotalia. 1.1 Marketplace with private houses attached, from Johann Friedrich Penther, Ausführliche Anleitung zur bürgerlichen Bau-Kunst, vol. 4 24 1.2 Interior of late eighteenth-century Bürgerhaus, in Der bürgerliche Baumeister, oder Versuch eines Unterrichtes für Baulustige, Friedrich Christian Schmidt 28 2.1 Rival postcards of German Posen (from 1910 to 1915) and Polish Poznań (from before 1918) 38 2.2 The Town Hall (Ratusz / Rathaus) in Poznań / Posen s old market square (Stary Rynek / Alter Markt) 45 4.1 Wild barbecuing (wildes Grillen) in Berlin s Tiergarten 74 6.1 Vacationers view new town of Stalinstadt (later: Eisenhüttenstadt), German Democratic Republic 109 6.2 New apartment blocks at Halle-Neustadt, German Democratic Republic 119 7.1 East Berlin s Highrise on the Weberwiese (1951 52, architect Hermann Henselmann) 135 11.1 Film set photos from Wim Wenders Wings of Desire (Der Himmel über Berlin, 1987) 189 12.1 Reconstruction Projects in Germany, 1960 2010 208 12.2 German Re-Construction Projects since 1975 213 13.1 Three-dimensional model of the future Museum Island Berlin showing the path of the Archaeological Promenade; view from the south (2012) 226 14.1 Postcard view of the Black Helmets Guild Hall (Schwartzhäupterhaus), Riga, Latvia, in 1910 245 14.2 George Bähr, Church of Our Lady (Frauenkirche), Dresden, in 1910; originally constructed 1726 1743 248 14.3 Heinz Graffunder Architectural Collective, exterior view of the Palast der Republik, East Berlin, 1973 1976; here, c. 1980 252 14.4 The Ghost Palace, Berlin 255