\ SCHEDULE OF LAND PURCHASES AND NATIVE RESERVES TARANAKI 1839-1860 Janine Ford Waitangi Tribunal Division 26 April 1991
1 CONTENTS The following report contains a schedule of the land purchases and native reserves made in Taranaki, 1839-1860. It includes:- A. An explanation of the sources used to compile the information B. A summary of the purchases and native reserves C. A more detailed schedule of the purchases and native reserves D. A summary of the research E. Bibliography
2 A. EXPLANATION OF SOURCES The following information has been collected from a variety of sources. 1. Original deeds of purchase - held by DOSLI Head Office, usually written in Maori, some are accompanied by plans., 2. Copies of deeds of purchase - copied in Turton's in English and Maori, some are accompanied by plans. 3. Original Crown grants - held by DOSLI Head Office, not always the same as Turton's copy, accompanied by plans. 4. Statutory maps - held by National Archives. According to the map titles, these are of maps of purchases. The information on them, however, is not always the same as that contained in the, original deeds, Turton's copies or original Crown grants. 5.,MA-MLP 6/1, A Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881 - held at National Archives 6. Block Order File - held at Maori Land Court, Wanganui. 7. Personal papers of McLean - held at the Alexander Turnbull Library. 8. NZ Gazettes
3 B. SUMMARY OF PURCHASES AND NATIVE RESERVES, TARANAKI 1839-1860 * Indicates the original deeds were written in Maori, English translations were not appended. From my understanding, acreage was not given and provision for reserves was not made. May require expert translation. BLOCK NAME DATE OF SALE ACRES SOLD RESERVES a. Early Purchases - Later Abandoned 1. Cook Strait 25 Oct 1839 not clear in copy of deed "a portion of the land" was reserved in copy of deed 2. Taranaki 8 Nov 1839 " " 3. Whanganui 16 Nov 1839 " " 4. Ngamotu 15 Feb 1840 " " b. Purchases 1844-1860 1. Fitzroy 28 Nov 1844 original deed, later Crown Grant shows 3500 acres retention of "pas, cultivations, burial places and reserves" in original deed - extent not defined. Lands and Survey Statutory map shows 262.1.0 acres total (by my calculations this should be 265.1. 0 acres)
4 2. Tataraimaka 11 May 1847 copy of deed, later Crown Grant shows 4000 acres, Parsonson reports 3500 acres. Lands and Statutory map shows 3560 acres purchased in 1847 and 500 acres purchased in 1849 no reference to reserves in copy of deed 3. Ornata 30 Aug 1847 original deed*, later Crown Grant shows 12,000 acres more or less no reference to reserves in original deed*, Lands and Survey Statutory map shows "371 acres - public native reserve" and "10 acres - reserve occupied by natives", I will conclude 381 acres total 4. Grey 11 Oct 1847 original deed*, Crown Grant shows 9770 acres more or less lands of 910 acres total were reserved in original deed*, Lands and Survey Statutory map shows 1100 acres 5. land near Te Hua 24 Nov 1848 original deed*, later Crown Grant shows 70 acres more or less no reference to reserves in original deed*, Crown Grant shows 5 acres more or less
5 6. Bell 29 Nov 1848 copy of deed shows 1500 acres reference to a reserve in original deed*, acres not shown 7. Waiwakai -ho 24 Aug 1853 copy of deed i' some places are to be reserved" - not shown in copy of deed, accompanying map not yet found 8. Hua 3 March 1854 original deed, Parsonson reports 12-14,000 acres 4 reserves of 250 acres total in original deed 9. Tarurutangi 25 Feb 1859 copy of deed shows 14,000 acres original deed not found. Govt Gazette does not mention reserves 10. Pekapeka 24 Feb 1860 original deed, but map with original deed shows 900 acres and copy of deed shows 900 acres no reference to reserves in original deed 11. Waitotara-Okehu 4 July 1863 copy of deed 7 reserves - 6052 acres total in copy of deed (included here because transactions initiated in 1859)
6 C. SCHEDULE OF TARANAKI PURCHASES AND NATIVE RESERVES, 1844-1860 The early purchases of the New Zealand Company were abandoned after the Commissioner of Lands' inquiry into the land titles. This schedule begins with the Fitzroy block purchase, 1844. The schedule shows: 1. 2. Extent of the land purchased. Reserves made and extent. 3. 4. Iwi/hapu. Number of signatures to the deeds of purchase. * Indicates the original deeds were written in Maori, English translations were not appended. From my understanding, acreage was not given and provision for reserves was not made. May require expert translation. 1. FITZROY DATE PURCHASED: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 28 November 1844 Ngamotu 83 (approximate count) boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed, later Crown Grant shows "3500 acres more or less" retention of "pas, cultivations, burial places and reserves" in original deed Two original deeds of purchase were signed for the Fitzroy block. The above was signed in Taranaki, the second was signed in Wellington on 12 April 1848. The above original deed of purchase does not define the extent of the purchase. The later Crown Grant shows 3500 acres. The original deed of purchase does not define native reserves beyond the above and there was no map with the deed to show the reserves. However, a Crown Grant for the Fitzroy block to the NZ Company, issued on the 8 April 1850, has an accompanying map that clearly marks 19 native reserves (shown as native reserves Nos. 7-25). On a Lands and Survey Statutory map 22 reserves are shown: Native Reserve 1 2 3 4 Acreage 66.0.0 reserved for Rangikapuoho & son 1. 0.0 0.2.0 3.2.0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 7 9.0.0 1. 0.0 7.0.0 4.0.0 0.2.0 14.0.0 3.0.0 10.0.0 17.0.0 1. 0.0 0.3.0 30.0.0 41.0.0 9.0.0 4.0.0 ------ 219.1.0 18.0.0 19.0.0 6.0.0 (By my calculations this is wrong and should be 222.1.0 acres) reserved for 5 years reserved for 5 years reserved for 5 years 262.1.0 (By my calculations this is wrong and should be 265.1.0 acres) The 3 reserves set aside for 5 years could be the difference between the 22 reserves of the Statutory map and the 19 reserves of the Crown Grant. Original deed of purchase (Deed No.3, Taranaki), DOSLI, Head Office. Original deed of purchase (Deed No.4, Wellington), DOSLI, Head Office Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H, SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 7, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878 Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Map of the Block of Land Sold to the New Zealand Company by Natives of the District of Taranaki under Sanction of His Excellency the Governor of New Zealand, as appears from the Deed of Sale of such land, date this 28th day of November 1844, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives.
8 2. TATARAIMAKA DATE PURCHASED: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 16 11 May 1847 Taranaki boundaries shown but acreage not given in copy of deed, later Crown Grant shows 4000 acres more or less. Parsonson reports 3500 acres. Lands and Survey Statutory map shows "3560 acres purchased in May 1847 and 500 acres purchased in 1849 - estimated at 4060 acres" total no reference to native reserves in copy of deed DOSLI Head Office and New Plymouth District Office do not hold the original deed of purchase. A Crown Grant for the Tataraimaka block to the New Zealand Company, issued on the 8 April 1850, shows "4000 acres more or less". It shows no native reserves, nor does Turton's copy of the deed. In addition, a Lands and Survey Statutory map shows Tataraimaka block with no reserves. This same map shows 3560 acres were purchased in May 1847 and 500 acres were purchased in 1849, with the total acreage purchased estimated to be 4060 acres. Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 5, Map of the Settlement of New Plymouth Showing the Land Purchased from Natives in 1847 by McLean under Instructions from His Excellency Governor Grey, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives. 3. OMATA DATE PURCHASED: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 30 August 1847 Taranaki 66 (approximate count) boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed*, later Crown Grant shows "12,000 acres more or less" no reference to native reserves in original deed* The original deed does not define the extent of the
9 purchase, but a later Crown Grant shows "12,000 acres more or less". The original Deed does not show native reserves and nor does the map with the Deed. However, in a Lands and Survey Statutory map the following 4 reserves are shown: Native Reserve Acreage 1 2 3 4 371 10 12 10 Public Native Reserve occupied by Natives a large pa reserved for government reserved for government From this, I understand the native reserves to be native reserve Nos. 1 and 2, the native reserves. totalling 381 acres. In the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, this block of land is referred to as the Taranaki block. Original deed of Office. Original Crown Turton, H H, SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 5, purchase (Deed No.2), DOSLI Head Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Map of the Settlement of New Plymouth Showing the Land Purchased from Native in 1847 by McLean under Instructions from His Excellency Governor Grey, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives. 4. GREY DATE OF PURCHASE: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 11 October 1847 Ngamotu hapu of Te Ati Awa 28 (approximate count) boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed*, later Crown Grant shows "9770 acres more or less" lands of 910 acres total were reserved in original deed* Two deeds were signed for the Grey block. The above was signed in Taranaki, the second was signed in Wellington on 12 April 1848. The original deed above does not define the extent of the deed of purchase, but a later Crown Grant shows "9770 acres more or less". These are the reserves that were surveyed and are noted as such in the original deed of purchase:
10 Native Reserve Acreage 1 2 3 200 250 460 at Moturoa at Rotokai at Waiwakaiho A map accompanies the deed showing these Native Reserves. However, both the deed and its map differ with a Lands and Survey Statutory map on which is written. "the land within the [Grey Block] contains 9770 acres out of which the following reserves are made for the Natives: Native Reserve Acreage SOURCE OF MAP: AAFV 997 T 5, 1 2 200 350 3 4 560 50 1,100" (By my calculations this is wrong and should be 1,160 acres) Original deed of purchase (Deed No.8, Taranaki), DOSLI, Head Office. Original deed of purchase (Deed No.4, Wellington), DOSLI, Head Office. Original Crown Grant (Deed No. 36), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Map of the Settlement of New Plymouth Showing the Land Purchased from Natives in 1847 by McLean under Statutory Instructions from His Excellency Governor Grey, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives. 5 LAND NEAR TE HUA [COOKE'S FARM] DATE OF PURCHASE: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 25 November 1848 Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa 11 (approximate count) boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed* no reference to native reserves in original deed* The extent of the purchase and the native reserves is not mentioned in the original deed of purchase. However, on an accompanying map to the original deed, the reserve of Ruatangata is shown. In the Crown Grant issued for this
11 land on 20 April 1850, the Ruatangata reserve is shown to be 5 acres in the Hua block of 70 acres. By an order of the New Plymouth Native Land Court on 4 March 1887, Charles Sampson of the Bell Block became owner of the Ruatangata Native reserve and a grant was to be made by the Crown for an estate in fee simple. NB This block is not to be confused with the Hua block purchased on 3 March 1854 - they involve two different blocks of land. In the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, this block of land is referred to as Cooke's Section or the cattle station at the Hua. Original deed of Office. Original Crown Turton, H H, purchase (Deed No.7), DOSLI, Head Grant (Deed No. 37), DOSLI, Head Office. Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes TAR 34 Ruatangata, Block Order File, Maori Land Court, Wanganui. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives 6. BELL DATE PURCHASED: 29 November 1848 Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 76 (approximate count) boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed*, copy of deed shows 1500 acres reference to a reserve in copy of deed The original deed is written in Maori only, and as far as I can tell, does not define the extent of the purchase. Turton's copy of the deed, however, shows 1500 acres. A native reserve was set aside in the copy of the deed. This reserve is shown on the map that accompanies the original deed. However, the acreage is not given. In the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, this block of land is referred to as the Puketapu block. SOURCES: Or-iginal deed of purchase (Deed No.5), DOSLI, Heaphy House. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes
12 7. WAIWAKAIHO DATE PURCHASED: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 24 August 1853 Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa 315 boundaries shown but acreage not given in copy of deed reference to some places of land to be reserved in copy of deed From my understanding, the Waiwakaiho Block was negotiated with the Te Ati Awa Maori in.both New Plymouth and Wellington. Negotiations began in Wellington for a block of land that was later sold in two blocks (the Hua and Waiwakaiho blocks - see Turton's copies of deeds) by the Puketapu in New Plymouth. The deed of purchase of 24 August 1853 was for the Waiwakaiho block, sold by the Puketapu at New Plymouth (the original deed and map were not found at DOSLI Head Office - a copy of the deed was found in the McLean papers and in MA-MLP 6/1 Book of Deeds). According to the deed, the lands to be reserved for the Maori were to be immediately written in the colour red upon the map at the completion of the survey. Signatures were not attached to the deed, it was merely noted that it was "signed by 315 natives." A copy of this map needs to be located to delineate these reserves. The Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, shows 318 signatures (approximate count). A deed of purchase was later signed in Wellington in January 1854 for a larger block of land than that sold in New Plymouth. (See Turton's copies.) Copy of Deed of Purchase of Waiwakaiho Block, McLean Papers, MS 32, Folder 4 (19). Translation of original deed in Maori by Lyndsay Head, Department of Maori, University of Canterbury. MA-MLP 6/1, Books of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes 8. HUA DATE PURCHASED: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 3 March 1854 Puketapu and Ngamotu hapu of Te Ati Awa 129 (approximate count) boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed, Parsonson reports 12,OOD-14,OOO acres
13 4 reserves were made (total 250 acres.) in original deed The English translation of the original deed is dated 19 March 1856. The original deed of purchase shows the following reserves were made: 1. at Paraiti 50 acres 2. at the Hua 100 acres 3. at Tapuirau 50 acres 4. at Upokotauaki 50 acres "... these being the only portions which we may require for cultivation we will purchase them when this land has been surveyed the regulations under which we shall purchase these lands is to be at the rate of 10 shillings per acre... " The Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881 shows exactly 127 signatures to the copy of the deed. Original deed of purchase (Deed No.6), DOSLI, Head Office. Turton, H H, MA-MLP 6/1, Archives Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand 1878,Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National 9. TARURUTANGI DATE OF PURCHASE: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 25 February 1859 Puketapu hapu of Te Ati Awa 162 (approximate count) copy of deed shows 14,000 acres no reference to reserves in copy of deed The original deed of purchase is not held at DOSLI Head Office or New Plymouth District Office. A copy of this deed of purchase is not found in Turton's copies of deeds. However the purchase was.notified in the Taranaki Provincial Government Gazette 1858-1862. It was also included in the Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881. The date given for the purchase in the Book of Deeds is 4 January 1859 - this differs from that given in the Gazette notice. The Book of Deeds notes 162 signatures to the deed (approximate). Taranaki Provincial Government Gazette 1858-1862, No.8, 9 April 1859, p. 31. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki 1844-1881, National Archives. /
14 10. PEKAPEKA DATE OF PURCHASE: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 24 February 1860 Te Ati Awa 20 boundaries shown but acreage not given in original deed, Turton's copy shows 900 acres no reference to reserves in original deed The original deed of purchase does not define the extent of the purchase, although the accompanying map to the deed shows "about 900 acres". Turton's copy shows 900 acres also. Neither the original deed nor Turton's copy mentions native reserves. Original deed of purchase (Deed No. 15), DOSLI, Head Office Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand, 1878, Vol 2. Provinces of Taranaki, Wellington, Hawkes 11. WAITOTARA DATE OF PURCHASE: NUMBER OF SIGNATURES: 11 May 1859 and 4 July 1863 Ngatiruanui, yet to be researched unknown as yet unknown as yet 7 reserves of total 6052 acres in copy of deed The original deed of purchase is not held by DOSLI Head Office. Further research is required. Turton's copy of the deed shows the transactions for the Waitotara block were initiated in 1859 and completed in 1863. The deed of purchase was signed in 1863 by 32 Maori (Turton's copy). Enclosed with this deed of purchase is a copy of a receipt of payment for the first instalment signed in 1859. In the 1863 copy of deed of purchase the following 7 reserves were made: 1. Okehu - 380 acres 2. Pakaraka - 3,300 acres 3. Nukumaru - 1,223 acres 4. Maneene - 58 acres 5. Maraetoa - 29 acres 6. Perekama - 925 acres 7. Auroa - 137 acres
15 ( A Lands and Survey Statutory map shows the same except the acreage of native reserves. Nos. 3 and 6 are not shown. Turton, H H, Maori Deeds of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand, 1878 Vol 2. Provinces of Wellington, Taranaki, Hawkes AAFV 997 W 15 Plan of the Waitotara Block, Lands and Survey Statutory Map, National Archives.
16 D. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH! The deeds and maps are not always clear and consistent in their detail of the purchases and native reserves. However, the evidence shows the purchasing of Taranaki land between 1839-1860 was concentrated and consistent. By 1859, most of the Maori land north of the present site of New Plymouth had been purchased from Te Ati Awa. Some Maori land had been purchased south of New Plymouth from Taranaki Maori. From 1844-1860, 11 blocks of land were purchased. Concurrent to the continual settler pressure for land, lands reserved for Maori sellers fell short of the onetenth principle established by the New Zealand Company.1 In.all the purchases the land reserved was less than 10 percent and in some purchases no reserves were made at all. The following table considers the native reserves and the percentage of the land reserved to that sold. BLOCK NAME ACRES SOLD RESERVES PERCENTAGE RESERVED 1. Fitzroy 3500 acres (Crown Grant) 262.1.0 acres(lands and Survey Statutory map) 7.5% appro x 2. Tataraimaka 4000 acres appro x (Crown Grant and Lands and Survey Statutory map) no reserves (copy of deed) no reserves 3. Ornata 12,000 acres (Crown Grant) 403 acres (Lands and Survey Statutory map) 3% approx 4. Grey 9770 acres (Crown Grant) 910 (original deed) 9.3% approx 5. land near Te Hua 70 acres (Crown Grant) 5 acres (Crown Grant) 7% approx Appendices to the Twelfth Report of the New Zealand Company, 1844, F No.1. Instructions to Colonel Wakefield, Principal Agent of the Company, May 1839 (Extract).
17 6. Bell 1500 acres (copy of deed) reserve made but acreage not given (copy of deed) unknown 7. Waiwakaiho copy of deed reserves made but acreage not given (copy of deed) unknown 8. Hua 12-14,000 acres (Parsonson) 250 acres (original deed) 2% appro x 9. Tarurutangi 14,000 acres (Gazette) no reference to reserves (Gazette). no reserves 10. Pekapeka 900 acres (copy of deed) no reference to reserves (original deed) no reserves 11. Waitotara-Okehu further research required 6052 acres (copy of deed) unknown as yet
18 E. BIBLIOGRAPHY / Primary Sources: Unpublished: A collection of original deeds of purchase held at DOSLI, Head Office. A collection of original Crown Grants held at DOSLI, Head Office. Lands and Survey Statutory Maps, National Archives. MA-MLP 6/1, Book of Deeds, Taranaki, 1844-1881, National Archives. TAR 34 Ruatangata, Block Order File, Maori Land Court, Wanganui McLean papers, MS 32, Alexander Turnbull Library. Published: Taranaki Provincial Government Gazette, 1858-1862. Turton, H H, Maori Deed of Land Purchases in the North Island of New Zealand, 1878 Vol 2. Provinces of Wellington, Taranaki, Hawkes ( copies) Secondary Sources: Parsonson, A R, Sorrenson, M P K, Ward, A The Purchase of Maori Land in Taranaki 1839-1859, Background Papers to the Raupatu Claims (Taranaki), Report No. I, February 1990. The Purchase of Maori Lands, 1865-1892, MA thesis, University of Auckland, 1955. A Show of Justice, Racial 'Amalgamation' in Nineteenth Century New Zealand, Auckland University Press, 1973. Janine Ford