13b History of Contemporary Archietcture AA 2016-2017 Prof. Michela Rosso
Index and biblio references/13b LE CORBUSIER 1929-1965 Frampton: 178-185; 224-230
Le Corbusier and the modern city Plans for Rio de Janeiro 1929 the ville radieuse 1935 Plans for Alger 1930-1941
The city of the machinist epoch: the city floating on pilotis
The ville radieuse based on the principles of zoning
«Instead of New York, the emblematic manifestation of the machinist epoch, I propose the ville radieuse. Instead of New York and Chicago I offer the cartesian skyscraper, translucid, splendidly elegant, well-defined on the horizon of the Ile de France»
In 1929 Le Corbusier visits South America The view from above
Plans for Rio de Janeiro 1929 Geometries and cartesian forms are replaced by curves
RIO de Janeiro A natural linear city A ribbon along the coast A viaduct-city A city in the shape of a coastal highline 6km long and 100 metres high with dwellings 15 storeys high piled up below the road surface
Centenario della colonizzazione algerina 1930 CENTENARY of the Algerian Colonization
1930: i viaggi e i taccuini The objets à reaction poétique The feminine figure
Definitive departure from the previous PURIST vocabulary of forms Forms used in Alger and in the Rio Plans are linked to the new expressive structure of his paintings
2 1 3 Plans for ALGER 1930-1941 1 A business citadel 2 Five immeubles villas 3 A viaduct/tower along the coast
3 2 3 1 Plans for ALGER 1930-1941 The city as an organism
Plans for ALGER 1930-1941 A highway megastructure as long as the coast. 6-storey high below the street and 12-storey high above the street
A public infrastructure designed for the individual appropriation
Residential tower block Alger 1931
New architectural values Departure from abstraction and reasoning New attention towards aspects linked to the materiality of the local landscape Light, winds, topography, climate
New architectural values Attention to history and tradition The muslim casbah is mantained Regional and local values vs internationalism
TOWARDS a new MONUMENTALITY of architectural forms 1927: Palace for the Society of Nations Geneva: competition entry
United Nations headquarters, maquette by Le Corbusier 1947 New York, 1947-1951, the idea is realized by the American firm Harrison & Abramowitz
New formal values New Monumentality of buildings The platform as a mediation between the buildings and the urban space Not the buildings per se but the buildings in relation with each other, the volume-relations between them The buildings are defined by Le Corbusier as acoustic forms: volumes resonating with each other, as instruments in a symphony
Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, 1950-1955
Ronchamp actors and conditions The clients: la Commission d art sacré: father Couturier, dominican order the real estate company owned by a group of Ronchamp citizens The pre-conditions of the site and of the commission: A place with a longstanding tradition of pilgrimage The local community s attachment to the place Le Corbusier can do what he wants: the clients accord him total freedom of action
ORGANIC FORMS The shell roof The shell of a crustacean (crab) made by two membranes objet à reaction poétique
The rainy water is collected into a special concrete pool
The study of light: the windows on the western front
Light from above
Raoul Dautry Ministry of Reconstruction and Urban Planning
Le The Havre ISAI programme Reconstruction of Le Havre Auguste Perret
DOM - INO 1914 IMMEUBLE-VILLA 1922 CITROHAN 1920 WEISSENHOF 1927
Unité d habitation ISAI programme (Immeubles sans affectation individuelle) 1947-1952 Marseille
The pilotis
The unité is on a N-S axis 337 flats of 23 different types
23 different dwelling types, most of which double-storey 337 dwellings
Cellular morphology: two unities juxtaposed Each cell is 3,66 mt large and 2,26 mt high 4,84-mt high in the doubleheight part
les rues intérieures
1931 (Alger) Maison locative Alger, 1933 L Architectur e Vivante 1933
1935 (Ville Radieuse)
1936 Ministry of Education and Public Health Rio de Janeiro 1936-1943
1938 1945 the brise soleil
1946 Manière de penser l urbanisme 1946
Il tetto attrezzato hotel, pista per correre, asilo, palestra, piscina. Le forme acustiche The terrace roof
Il tetto terrazza