ACTED Shelter and winterization needs assessment Mafraq, MEU
1. Introduction MEU MEU
(August 2013) Introduction to ACTED: Headquartered in Paris and with 3,300 staff worldwide, ACTED is operating in 34 countries under a global mandate to link relief assistance to rehabilitation and development. In Jordan, ACTED has been responding to the Syrian Refugee crisis since April 2012, providing humanitarian assistance in Jordanian host communities with support of the European Commission and the United Nations Agency for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). ACTED has been assisting vulnerable Syrians and Jordanians with water, sanitation and hygiene assistance; distribution of non food items, shelter and cash support in the governorates of Irbid, Mafraq, Jerash, and Ajloun. This assessment was designed to assist in effectively targeting future WASH and Shelter assistance in advance of the upcoming winter.
2. Objectives of assessment and methodology used. MEU MEU
Main objective: To assess the condition of shelters of Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities in terms of type, standard of living, and technical aspects. Identify relevant shelter assistance interventions and enhance resilience to winter conditions.
Sample size: Shelter and winterization needs assessment 299 shelters assessed in Mafraq, Irbid, Jarash and Ajloun: 37% in Mafraq, 34% in Irbid, 15% in Jarash and 14% in Ajloun. Minimum sample size is representative of the population in the selected 25 BSUs (basic service units, or areas indentified by the community as service areas of that community) and was decided at 95% confidence level and 10% error margin. Methodology: The households were chosen randomly from a total of 25 BSUs with a high concentration of Syrian refugees.
HHs visited A total number of 299 households were assessed, 37% in Mafraq, 34% in Irbid, 15% in Jarash and 14% in Ajloun. The majority of respondents were Syrians (70%). Close to half of respondents were women. 88% of Syrian beneficiaries are registered with UNHCR, whereas 12% are not. 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 34% 37% 15% 14% 0% Irbid Mafraq Jerash Ajlon
3. Profile of respondents MEU MEU
The average number of household members per shelter is 7.12, which compared to REACH findings in March (average household size of 4.1) shows a significant increase in household members. Overall, the majority of respondents said that the household is comprised of only one family. Average number of families per shelter is 1.4. 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Total # of household members 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 How many families live in this household? 23% 7% 2% 68% 1 2 3 4
4. Type of shelter MEU MEU
Findings show that most Syrians rent accommodation from Jordanians in separate shelters, whereas the majority of Jordanians have their own accommodation. Rented from Jordanian in separate shelter Type of shelter arrangements Rented from Syrian household in same shelter Hosted by facility made available by Jordanian government Rented from Jordanian in same shelter 59% 87% 35% 0% 4% 3% 6% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% Jordanian Syrian
Out of the 20% that live in substandard accommodation, most interviewed Syrians live in basements and animal farms, with big variations across governorates. Syrians living in animal farms have been identified in all governorates, except Ajloun. Out of all respondents, Syrians living in tents have been identified only in Mafraq governorate. 77% House Basement Animal farms Tent/temporary structure Type of shelter Apartment Garage Outdoor rooms 46% 34% 16% 7% 10% 0% 0% 3% 4% 0% 0% 1% 2%
5. Rental MEU
Shelter and winterization Shelter and needs winterization assessment needs (August assessment 2013) Almost all Syrians pay rent, which is a significant higher percentage of Syrians in comparison to Jordanians. Both Syrians and Jordanians are paying on average 100 JOD per month. The majority of Syrians (88%) have a written rent/lease agreement, much higher than Jordanians (52%) who rent accommodation without an agreement. Most Syrians (50%) and Jordanians (47%) interviewees said that places to rent are rarely available and very difficult to find, with around 30% saying that they are not available and almost impossible to find. 34% yes 97% Paying rent Jordanian Syrian 66% no 3%
6. Satisfaction with living area MEU
More than 90% of both Syrians and Jordanian are happy to live in their area and feel welcomed by their neighbours. When asked if they are happy to live in the current accommodation, the majority of both Syrians (56%) and Jordanians (73%) said no. Most respondents complained about the small size of housing and crowdedness, poor housing conditions, moisture, and the high cost of rent. The majority of respondents reported that they feel safe in their current housing. Of those who reported feeling unsafe, most respondents blamed the poor construction.
7. Crowdedness MEU
(August 2013) In terms of living space, most Syrian households meet the SPHERE standard of 3.5sqm per person, except the ones living in tents, temporary structures and chicken farms. Most crowded spaces are temporary settlements and animal farms, with 1.4 sqm per person and 3.4 sqm per person respectively. Sqm per persons per shelter type 10.8 9.3 6.7 4.7 5.0 3.4 1.4
Sqm per person per type of shelter, Jordanians 12.1 13.2 8.9 Sqm per person per type of shelter, Syrians 9.7 8.4 6.2 4.7 3.4 5.0 1.4 Apartment Basement House
8. Shelter facilities MEU
Findings show that most toilets, bathing areas, kitchens, living rooms and sleeping rooms are located inside the shelter, with a relatively high percentage of toilets located outside the shelter. Sleeping room Living area 5% 8% Location of facilities Outside the shelter Inside the shelter No facility available 87% 91% 7% 1% Cooking area 16% 80% 4% Bathing area 16% 74% 10% Toilet 28% 71% 1%
Most facilities are shared among family members only, except for the bathing area that is primarily shared among household members. Comparing Jordanians and Syrians, less Syrians share toilets, bathing, cooking, living and sleeping areas only with family members. When taking into account the type of housing, respondents living in farms, outdoor rooms, basements, houses and apartments are most likely to share facilities with household members rather than with family members only. Sleeping room Living area Cooking area Bathing area Common use of facilities Shared among family members only Shared among HH members only Shared with the host family 81% 80% 80% 89% 11% 0 19% 0 20% 0 19% 0% Toilet 80% 20% 0
9. Latrines MEU
The majority of houses, garages, basements, and apartments have toilets with septic tanks. 75% of tents do not have a latrine. Open defecation is common. Latrine type no latrine Other pit latrine Poor flush latrine with septic tank Toilet with septic tank 81% 76% 67% 63% 75% 26% 25% 25% 25% 17% 20% 17% 17% 9% 13% 13% 0% 0% 2% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 33% 33% 33% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Apartment Basement Garage House Chicken farms Outdoor rooms Tent
10. Access to utilities MEU
The majority of respondents have electricity (97%). 81% of Jordanians and 73% of Syrians have access to public water supply. 91% of those who do not have access to public water networks, said they buy the water. The majority of Syrians living in sub standard housing do not have access to water network (67% living in outdoor rooms, 75% living in tents, 44% living in farms).
11. Heating system MEU
Overall, 35% of respondents have no heating. 3% Most common type of 4% heating is gas, followed by 10% 35% kerosene and wood. 14% 14% Heating systems 20% No heating system Gas heating Kerosene heating Don t know Wood heater Electric air heater Solar energy
Out of those that have no heating, the majority live in houses, followed by basements. Out of all shelters with no heating, the majority are not insulated. Type of shelter with no heating 3% 3% 3% 3% 13% 75% House Basement Garage Chicken farms Outdoor rooms Tent/temporary structure Shelters with no heating system, insulated or not 18% no yes 82%
Most Syrians living in outdoor rooms and tents have no heating. Most common type of heating for sub-standard shelter is gas and kerosene heating. Heating per type of sub-standard shelter no heating system Gas heating kerosene heating Other Tent/temporary structure Outdoor rooms Chicken farms Solar energy 33% 50% 67% 0% 33% 25% 17% 25% 33% 0% 0% 17% 0% Garage 40% 40% 20% 0% Basement 41% 27% 27% 0% 5%
12. Construction materials MEU
Most shelters have full brink or concrete foundation or some brick or concrete foundation. Only tents have stone blocks as foundation. Half of respondents who live in tents said they cover the floor with carpet, whereas the remaining half do not cover their floor. The majority of shelters have industrial steel frames for windows and concrete slabs for roofs, except the tents.
13. Technical damage assessment MEU
septic tank sewage floor walls windows inner door Shelter and winterization needs assessment Good condition Partial damage Missing 14% 45% 40% 48% 60% 81% 53% Minor damage Severe damage 33% 36% 39% 15% 21% 13% 2% 4% 6% 8% 5% 0% 19% 7% 3% 3% 9% 3% 2% 5% 12% 4% 12% Findings from technical assessments show that the shelters had less damaged windows, doors, and floors. Most damaged shelter components were the roof, walls, septic tanks, and sewage systems. outer door 60% 24% 12% 2% roof 25% 41% 22% 10% 1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Tent 0% Outdoor rooms 0% Chicken farms House Garage Basement Apartment Shelter and winterization needs assessment Roof damage per type of shelter Good condition Minor damage Partial damage Severe damage Missing 22% 18% 33% 50% 44% 67% 22% 46% 100% 39% 17% 36% 0% 44% 0% 25% 17% When rehabilitating the roofs, it should be noted that the temporary structures, outdoor 0% rooms, animal farms, and houses have the most damaged roofs. 33% 0% More than 74% of shelters had 0% 11% 10% 0% 17% some level of minor, partial and severe damage, or missing component. 41% of shelters have roofs with signs of moisture. 22% have a lot 12% 8% 0% 10% 0% of moisture, holes, small cracks in the ceiling. 10% are partially or completely collapsed, or have a lot of cracks. 18%
Tents 0% Outdoor rooms 0% Chicken farms Shelter and winterization needs assessment Walls damage per shelter type House Garage Basement Good condition Partial damage Missing 9% 22% 12% 25% 33% 33% 22% 42% Minor damage Severe damage 58% 33% 33% 75% 44% 17% 35% 33% 23% 0% 11% 0% 8% 2% 17% 0% 8% 4% All of the assessed shelters had major problems with walls. More than 86% of shelters had some level of minor, partial and severe damage, or missing. 53% had some signs of moisture and missing paint. 21% of shelters has walls covered in moisture, some cracks, and a lot of the paint was missing. 9% had big holes, cracks, collapsed walls, a lot of moisture, and no paint. Apartment 22% 55% 14% 7% 1%
Tents 0% Outdoor rooms Chicken farms House Garage Basement Apartment Shelter and winterization needs assessment Sewage damage per shelter type Good condition Minor damage Partial damage Severe damage Missing 20% 33% 33% 50% 50% 48% 0% 11% 100% 11% 0% 52% 33% 17% 34% 37% 44% 17% 33% 28% 9% 1% 3% 17% 17% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% The majority of sub-standard housing were in need of rehabilitation, and almost half of houses and apartments. 55% of shelters with some level of minor, partial and severe damage, or missing sewage. 36% had sewage with some leakage, no damage. 13% had pipes with small cracks, and/or water inside/outside the shelter because of leakage. 2% had cracks in the sewage network or had existing but non functional sewage.
Tents 0% Outdoor rooms 0% Chicken farms House Garage Basement Apartment Shelter and winterization needs assessment Septic tank damage per type of shelter Good condition Minor damage Partial damage Severe damage 11% 22% 46% 50% 44% Missing 59% 22% 100% 100% 0% 17% 41% 44% 17% 35% All tents and close to half of farms have no access to sewage systems and septic tanks. 52% were with some level of minor, partial and severe 0% damage, or missing septic tanks. 39% had some leakage from sewage connection pipes. 7% had overflowing septic tanks because 6% 4% 3% of damage. 3% had cracks in the septic tanks, or existing but non 0% 17% functional septic tanks, big cracks in the sewage system, and 3% of 12% 0% shelters did not have a septic tank. 44% 5% 1% 0%
14. Protection from moisture MEU
roof walls floor doors windows 19% 14% Shelter and winterization needs assessment 57% 59% 71% 81% 86% 43% 41% 29% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% yes no 80% of all respondents said that their shelter was not insulated or good enough to provide protection against moisture and wetness. The majority of respondents complained about their roof and walls not being insulated enough to provide protection from moisture/wetness. 65% said that their roof was not waterproof. All respondents living in tents said that their roof could not withstand a heavy snowfall and is not waterproof and about half in outdoor rooms and farms said that their roof was not waterproof.
15. Access to tools and capacity MEU
In terms of accessing tools, 82% of Syrians and 51% Jordanian said they had no access to tools, with more than 90% of respondents not having access to nails, rope, electrical screwdriver, drill, hammer, gaffer tape, and sticks. The majority of respondents said that there are available persons in the household to provide labour for repair, however close to 30% of all respondents said they do not have technical knowledge to do so. 84% of all respondents said they are willing to upgrade the shelter by themselves if materials are provided.
When asked about what would they need to prepare their house for the winter, majority of respondents mentioned plastic sheets, draft excluders, pillows, blankets, bed mats, and paint. Half of respondents said they needed doors. Overall, findings show that there is willingness to contribute with labour to the rehabilitation work, however few respondents have access to tools and only 61% have skills for repairing.
(August 2013)
(August 2013)
(August 2013)
(August 2013)