vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES ii iii iv v vi vii xii xiii xvi xvii 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background of Problem 3 1.3 Statement of the Problem 4 1.4 Research Objectives 5 1.5 Scope 5 1.6 Importance of the Research Study 6 1.7 Chapter Summary 6
viii 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Information Management 9 2.2.1 Information Management System 11 2.2.2 Information Modelling 11 2.2.3 Information System Models 12 2.2.4 Information System Framework 15 2.3 Concept of Design 17 2.3.1 Architectural Design 17 2.3.2 Architect 18 2.3.3 Architect and the Building Design 19 2.3.4 Architectural Design Process 21 2.3.5 Architectural Design Information Sources 24 2.3.6 Architectural Design Information Search and 25 Storage 2.4 Information Management in Architectural Design 27 2.4.1 Design Process Modeling 28 2.4.2 Design Process Modeling Tools 28 2.4.3 Architectural Design Information Repository 33 2.5 Problems and Weaknesses in Managing Architectural Design 34 Information 2.6 Architectural Design Information Requirements Determination 35 2.6.1 Activity Theory Background 37 2.7 2.8 Discussion Chapter Summary 38 39 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 40 3.2 Research Design 41 3.3 Project Methodology 41 3.3.1 Phase 1: Initial Planning 44 3.3.2 Phase 2: Analysis 44 3.3.2.1 Literature Review Analysis 44
ix 3.3.2.2 Data Collection 45 3.3.2.3 Collected Data Analysis 50 3.3.3 Phase 3: Modeling 52 3.3.3.1 Design Framework 52 3.3.3.2 System Development Methodology 53 3.3.3.3 Methodology Justification 53 3.3.4 Phase 4: Evaluate the Framework 54 3.3.4.1 Apply and Evaluate the Framework 54 3.3.4.2 Report Writing 54 3.4 Project Schedule 55 3.5 Software and Hardware Requirements 55 3.6 Chapter Summary 58 4 DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Organizational Analysis 60 4.2.1 Introduction to Faculty of Built Environment (FAB) 60 4.2.1.1 FAB objectives 61 4.2.1.2 Mission and Vision 61 4.2.1.3 FAB Organizational Structure 61 4.2.2 Royal Institute of British Architects 62 4.3 Data Collection 64 43.1 Observation and Discussion 64 4.3.2 Design Structure Matrix 65 4.4 Observation, Discussion, and Matrix Design 66 4.4.1 Observation and Discussion Summary 66 4.4.2 Design Matrix Summary 67 4.5 4.6 Architectural Design Information System Requirement Capture 4.5.1 Applying the Concept of Activity Theory to Architectural Design Chapter Summary 72 73 80
x 5 FRAMEWORK OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 Matrix Representation of Architectural Design Phases 82 5.3 Design Process Analysis: Partitioning 84 5.3.1 Identifying Loops by Powers of Adjacency Matrix 85 5.3.2 Ordering of Tasks within the Blocks (Tearing) 88 5.4 Proposed framework for Architectural Design Information 92 Management System (ADIMS) 5.5 System Overview 92 5.6 User Registration and Login Validation 95 5.7 Information Model Design 98 5.8 Chapter Summary 100 6 THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6.1 Introduction 102 6.2 User Specification 103 6.3 Prototype and Interface Requirement Specification 103 6.4 Architectural Design Information Management System 104 6.5 Web Presentation 107 6.5.1 The Architect Module 107 6.5.2 The Client Module 115 6.5.3 The Admin Module 118 6.5.4 Search Module 120 6.6 Data Management Service Logic 121 6.7 Information Repository 122 6.8 Software Quality and Testing 123 6.8.1 User Interface Testing 124 6.8.2 User Case Testing 128 6.8.3 Documentation Testing 132 6.9 Chapter Summary 133
xi 7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 7.1 Introduction 134 7.2 Achievements 134 3.3 Constrains, Challenges and Limitations 136 7.4 Aspiration 137 7.5 Chapter Summary 137 REFERENCES 138 Appendices A - F 142-167
xii LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE 2.1 2.2 Definitions of Data, Information and Knowledge The Set of Architectural Representations prepared over the process of building a Building The RIBA Outline Plan of Work 9 21 23 3.1 Data, Source, Method of Collection, and 50 Person/Organization Involved 3.2 Software Requirements 56 4.1 5.1 5.2 Description of Actions Partitioning Algorithm Tearing Algorithm 79 85 88 5.3 Nodes with their Row and Column Entries 89 6.1 Screen Layout Testing 125 6.2 Report Layout Testing 126 6.3 Form Layout Testing 127 6.4 6.5 Menu Testing Use-case testing for Architect Page 128 129
xiii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE 2.1 Literature Review Framework 8 2.2 Physical Architecture of an Information System 14 2.3 Distributed Information system architecture 16 2.4 Information Search Process 27 2.5 Directed Graph 29 2.6 PERT Chart 30 2.7 SADT Technique 31 2.8 Design Structure Matrix 32 2.9 Screen shot of the Interface in Browser mode 34 2.10 Basic Structure of an Activity 37 2.11 The three levels of Activity 38 3.1 Project Operational Framework 43 4.1 Input of Architect with 20 Years Experience 68 4.2 Input of Architect with 4 Years Experience 70 4.3 Input of Unregistered Professional with 6 Years 71 Experience 4.4 Activity System for Architectural Design Information 75 Management System 4.5 The Hierarchical Decomposition of Activities into Actions 78
xiv 5.1 The Flow of Information in Architectural Design Stages 83 5.2 The Design Structure Matrix with non-zero entries 86 replaced with 1 s 5.3 The Square of Adjacency Matrix 87 5.4 The Cube of Adjacency Matrix 87 5.5 Tear Suggested by the Matrix 90 5.6 System Overview 93 5.7 Architect, Client, and Admin Activity Management 95 5.8 Architect Registration and Login Validation 96 5.9 Client Registration and Login Validation 97 5.10 System Admin Login Validation 98 5.11 Information Model 100 6.1 Model of Architectural Design Information Management 106 System (ADIMS) 6.2 The Architect Account 108 6.3 The Architect File Upload Page 109 6.4 List of Files Uploaded the Architect 109 6.5 Design Document Search 110 6.6 Architects Document Search Results 111 6.7 Architects Client Search Results 111 6.8 View Client Specification/Make Offer Page 112 6.9 Change Password Page 113 6.10 URL Subcategories Page 114 6.11 View URLs Page 114 6.12 Add Category, Subcategory, and URL Page 115 6.13 Make Appointment Page 116 6.14 Select Offer and Confirm Appointment Page 117 6.15 View Design Description Page 117 6.16 Admin Account 119 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 View System Users Page Add New Design Description Page Advanced Search Database Implementation of ADIMS 119 120 121 123
6.21 System Interface 125 xv
xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATION ADIMS AI BI CM DAM DBMS DM DSS ES FAB HTML HTTP IMS I/O LCM LM MIS RIBA RM TPS UML UTM Architectural Design Information Management Systems Artificial intelligence Business intelligence Content Management Digital Asset Management Database Management Systems Document Management Decision Support System Expert Systems Faculti Alam Bina Hypertext Markup Language Hypertext Transport Protocol Information Management Systems Input/output Learning Content Management Learning Management Management Information Systems Royal Institute of British Architects Record Management Transaction Processing Systems Unified Modelling Language Universiti Technologi Malaysia
xvii LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE PAGE A Gantt Chart 142 B Design Structure Matrix 149 C RIBA Outline Plan of Work 2007 153 D Use-Case for Adims 155 E FAB Organizational Chart 164 F MATLAB Printout 166