DISCOVER INCA a cultural trip through the evolution of the city #3 ENG GUIDED TOURS TO INCA S HERITAGE 1
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#3 Modernism in Inca Speaker: Pere Rayó Bennàssar, historian. DISCOVER INCA Modernism in Inca Modernism, the artistic movement that developed in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century, reacted extremely imaginatively against historicism and naturalism. It materialised in a decorative language inspired by nature: in architecture, it sought out functionalism using new materials like glass, iron, ceramics, etc. Modernism is considered to have started in Mallorca in 1901, the year of the project of the Gran Hotel, the work of Lluís Domènech y Montaner, and to have ended in 1914, when Gaudí abandoned the restoration work on the cathedral. However, we can find a popular modernism that occupied nearly all of the first third of the 20th century. In the absence of a bourgeoisie to support it, as was the case in Catalonia, modernism arrived more as a decorative fashion, in particular in the decoration of façades, without modifying the structures of the buildings. In Inca we find three currents of modernism: an art nouveau modernism, undulating and floral; a breakaway modernism of straight, austere and rational lines; and a historicist modernism. The most abundant one is the popular modernism executed by anonymous master builders who imitated the new tendency. The architects and master builders Some important architects and master builders who were sometimes linked to modernism worked in Inca. We are referring to: Jaume Alenyar Ginard (1869-1945). He executed important modernist works in Palma in collaboration with the architect Gaspar Bennàssar Moner. As a municipal architect of Inca, he developed prominent town planning projects. Alenyar s works in Inca related to modernism are: The Kiosk in Els Pins square, now Mallorca square. Later it was the municipal library (demolished building). 3
Sa Quartera 6 (1918-1920), which has a historicist exterior with a rooftop railing with plant ornamentation. Functional interior. Francesc Roca Simó (1874-1940). His best-known modernist works are Can Casasayas and Pensió Menorquina (Palma). His relationship with Inca is reduced to two buildings: General Luque barracks, 5 main pavilion (1909). Neo-Gothic historicist influence in the central part of the façade..martí Bernat Morell house 6 (1925). The plant decoration is concentrated at the top of the façade and the windows. The two doorways of the ground floor (that of the house and the garage) are flanked by carasses, large monstrous faces. Guillem Reynés Font (1877-1971). The son of the master builder Gaspar Reynés Coll. He was a diocesan architect and collaborated with Antoni Gaudí and Joan Rubió on the restoration work of the cathedral and that of the Lluc sanctuary, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Coronation of the Virgin Mary. In Inca he designed three modernist works: Can Fluxà 7 (1910). Modernist details in the concave lines of the doorways and windows and the coloured strips that frame them. Can Mir 8 (1914). Bay window on the corner, now gone. Floral decoration based on small tiles and the use of wrought iron. Teatre Principal 9 (1914), which practically disappeared with the restructuring by the architect Francesc Casas in the year 1945. Josep Oleza Frates (1897-1971). He was a municipal architect of Inca, where he designed a large number of works executed in rationalist style. The works with modernist characteristics are: Can Janer 10 (1926). A building in which the corner, with a curved wall and balconies, is the most relevant part. Details of art nouveau modernism. Can Florencio 11 (1935). Inspired by breakaway modernism, especially on the corner. Sebastià Riusec Llompart, es Pollencí, a relevant figure in terms of Inca s architecture at the beginning of the 20th century. His buildings with modernist influences are: Former Hotel Domingo/Paris centre 12 (1910). Plant ornamentation on the enclosing wall at the top of the façade. Can Amengual/Cas Metge Cifre 13 (1913). A stately home in which the main 4
DISCOVER INCA Modernism in Inca modernist elements are found on the interior and in the courtyard with art nouveau decoration. Ca n Ensenyat. 14 A stately home with modernist details in the garden, where the small ceramic tiles are combined with a more classicists language. Historicist modernism Involving the alliance of modernism with a previous historicist style. In Inca, we find two constructions from the Neo-Moorish historicist trend: Former Inca Cycling Club 15 (late 19th century). Pre-modernism. The historicist influence is revealed in the horseshoe arches on the façade. Can Beltran 16 (1909). Oriental and floral decoration. Popular modernism The outsides of the buildings are ornamented with plant and floral decoration or with ceramic material. Wrought iron appears on bars and balconies with curved shapes. Former dyeworks of Bartomeu Fiol. 17 Polychrome, ceramic tiles and geometric and floral motifs on the bars. Can Fiol/Can Ramis 18 (1923). Plant and anthropomorphic ornamentation on the façades, typical of art nouveau modernism. The female face of the corner stands out. Can Ribot 19 (1926). Geometric and floral decoration above the door and windows. Can Marquès. 20 Outstanding for its mullioned windows and the polychrome ceramic panels of the top floor. 5
6 Can Piritis 21 (1909). Polychrome ceramic panels under the windows of the first floor and the porch. La Florida 22 haberdashery. Art nouveau modernist decoration on the counters. La Lealtad. 23 Modernist ornamentation on the counter. La Giralda. 24 Ceramic tiles with plant motifs on the façade. House of the photographer Fiol. 25 Chromatic alternance of voussoirs in the three arches of the ground floor and balconies with curved lines in the porch. Cas Baster 26 (1922). Decoration with green tiles above the windows. Can Fullana 27 (1912). Remarkable for the two bay windows of what was the Banc Agrícola of Inca. The one on the corner, made of iron, was inspired by typical art nouveau modernist elements. By contrast, the one in Els Hostals street is closer to the breakaway current in its characteristics.
Cas Metge Amengual/Can Domènech 28 (1919). Interesting modernist bars. DISCOVER INCA Modernism in Inca 7
32 ORENÇ M. DURÁN 8 CARRER DE LA PORTA DEL REI CARRER DE SA MUNTANYETA CARRER DE MANCOR CARRER DELS AMOGAVERS AVINGUDA DE LES GERMANIES AVINGUDA DEL TREN 5 DES BANQUER C. JOANOT COLOM CARRER DE SANT ANTONI CARRER DE LA CORONA D ARAGÓ 17 25 18 8 7 CARRER DE BINIAMAR 6 C. DE PONENT C. ANTONI FLUXÀ 4 1 CARRER DEL REI CARRER DE JOVER C. D EN TROBAT AVINGUDA GENERAL LUQUE CARRER DE CABRIT I BASSA CARRER DE SANT QUARTERA 6 SANT FRA RAFEL SERRA 3 SANT DOMINGO BISBE LLOMPART LLIBERTAT SEBASTIÀ CARRER DE RAMON I CAJAL 20 C. SANT JOAN BAPTISTA DE LA SALLE BARTOMEU DURETA C. GARROVERS C. JAUME ARMENGOL CARRER C. SON ODRE COLL COMERÇ 14 34 C. TEATRE 9 C. JAUME SALORD CARRER DE LES COVES C. CAN VIDAL 33 DE LA PAU MURTA ANGEL C. JARDÍ C. SOLETAT CARRER C. DELS PARAIRES C. HOSTALS 22 1023 ESPANYA C. MAJOR 24 11 C. DE LES MONGES CARRER DE MARTÍ ANTONI BESTARD CARRER DE FRA JUNIPER SERRA DE LLEVANT C. DE LA FONT C. DEL BORN CAMPANA CREU PERLA GRAN VIA DE COLOM C. D EN PALMER 13 26 27 16 12 MARIA LA MAJOR VIRTUT CARRER SANT FRANCESC MIQUEL MIR 29 34 C. DE LA MOST C. DEL CALL CARRER C. NOU C. DEL S C. DEL VENT C. BLANQUERNA C. BARTOMEU COC ORIENT 2 C. SANTA TERES
AVINGUDA DE LLUC A CARRER DE FORMENTOR DE LA PURESA RA DE JESÚS OL DEL BESTIAR DE MALLORCA C. DEL BARCO 21 C. D ARTÀ AVINGUDA D ALCUDIA 15 28 C. DE CAN 30 CARRER DELS JOCS CARRER MOSSEN ANDREU CAIMARI AVINGUDA DELS REIS CATOLICS VALELLA AVINGUDA D ALCUDIA CARRER DE JAUME I CARRER DE JAUME II 1 Sant Domingo 2 Sant Francesc 3 Les escultures del sabater i la sabatera 4 Monument a Antoni Fluxà Figuerola 5 El Museu del Calçat i de la Pell 6 Sa Quartera 7 Can Fluxà 8 Can Mir 9 Teatre Principal 10 Can Janer 11 Can Florencio 12 Antic Hotel Domingo/Centre Parroquial 13 Can Amengual/Cas Metge Cifre 14 Ca n Ensenyat 15 Antic Club Velocipedista d Inca 16 Can Beltran 17 Antiga tintoreria de Bartomeu Fiol 18 Can Fiol/Can Ramis 19 Can Ribot 20 Can Marquès 21 Can Piritis 22 Merceria La Florida 23 La Lealtad 24 La Giralda 25 Casa del fotògraf Fiol 26 Cas Baster 27 Can Fullana 28 Cas Metge Amengual/Can Domènech 29 Església parroquial de Santa Maria 30 El pou de la Font Vella 31 Església de Sant Bartomeu 32 El molinar d Inca 33 El primer call d Inca 34 Can Monroig i el call d Inca CARRER DE POLLENÇA 9
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38 36 35 35 Santa Magdalena 36 Talaiot de s Ermita 37 Cementeri d Inca 38 Son Vivot 11
L EDITA: HI COL LABOREN: COMISSIÓ CIENTÍFICA DE LES JORNADES D ESTUDIS LOCALS D INCA