Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work

Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work

ECSCW 99 Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work 12-16 September 1999,Copenhagen, Edited by Susanne Bødker University of Aarhus, Morten Kyng The Danish National Centre for IT Research, and Kjeld Schmidt Technical University of, Cover Design by Jette Guldfeldt, Graphix KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK/BOSTON/DORDRECHT/LONDON/MOSCOW

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Table of Contents From the Editor ECSCW 99 Conference Committee ECSCW 99 Program Committee ix xi xii Taking the work out of workflow: Mechanisms for document- 1 centered collaboration Anthony LaMarca, W. Keith Edwards, Paul Dourish, John Lamping, Ian Smith, and Jim Thornton (Xerox PARC) The Manufaktur: Supporting work practice in (landscape) 21 architecture Monika Büscher (Lancaster Univ.), Preben Mogensen (Univ. of Aarhus), Dan Shapiro (Lancaster Univ.), and Ina Wagner (Vienna Technical Univ.) Six roles of documents in professionals work 41 Morten Hertzum (Risø National Laboratory) AREA: A cross-application notification service for groupware 61 Ludwin Fuchs (Boeing Mathematics and Computing Technology) Moving out of the meeting room: Exploring support for mobile meetings Jens Bergquist, Per Dahlberg, Fredrik Ljungberg (Viktoria Institute); and Steinar Kristoffersen (Norwegian Computing Centre) 81 Activity Awareness: Framework for sharing knowledge of 99 people, projects, and places Koichi Hayashi, Tan Hazama, Takahiko Nomura, Toshifumi Yamada (Fuji Xerox); and Stephan Gudmundson (Univ. of British Colombia) The properties of mixed reality boundaries 119 Boriana Koleva, Steve Benford, and Chris Greenhalgh (Univ. of Nottingham)

vi The adoption and use of BABBLE: A field study of chat in the workplace Erin Bradner (Univ. of California at Irvine); Wendy A. Kellogg and Thomas Erickson (IBM T.J. Watson Research Center) Meeting at the desktop: An empirical study of virtually collocated teams Gloria Mark (GMD-FIT), Jonathan Grudin (Microsoft Research), and Steven E. Poltrock (Boeing Co.) Broadcasting on-line social interaction as inhabited television Steve Benford, Chris Greenhalgh, Mike Craven (Univ. of Nottingham); Graham Walker, Tim Regan, Jason Morphett (BT Laboratories); John Wyver (Illuminations Television); and John Bowers (Royal Institute of Technology) 139 159 179 A groupware's life 199 Volkmar Pipek and Volker Wulf (Univ. of Bonn) The network communities of Senior Net 219 Elizabeth D. Mynatt (Georgia Institute of Technology), Annette Adler (Xerox PARC); Mizuko Ito, Charlotte Linde (Institutefor Research on Learning); and Vicky L. O'Day (Univ. of California at Santa Cruz) GestureLaser and GestureLaser Car: Development of an embodied space to support remote instruction Keiichi Yamazaki, Akiko Yamazaki (Saitama Univ.); Hideaki Kuzuoka, Shinya Oyama (Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Systems); Hiroshi Kato, Hideyuki Suzuki (NEC Corp.); and Hiroyuki Miki (Oki Electric Industry Co.) 239 Exploring support for knowledge management in mobile work 259 Henrik Fagrell, Fredrik Ljungberg (Viktoria Institute); and Steinar Kristoffersen (Norwegian Computing Centre)

vii Dynamics in wastewater treatment: A framework for understanding formal constructs in complex technical settings Olav W. Bertelsen and Christina Nielsen (Univ. of Aarhus) WebDAV: A network protocol for remote collaborative authoring on the Web E. James Whitehead, Jr. (Univ. of California at Irvine), and Yaron Y. Goland (Microsoft Corp.) 277 291 Informing collaborative information visualisation through an 311 ethnography of ambulance control John Bowers (Royal Institute of Technology) and David Martin ( Univ. of Manchester) Moving document collections online: The evolution of a shared repository Randall H. Trigg, Jeanette Blomberg, and Lucy Suchman (Xerox PARC) 331 PSI: A Platform for Shared Interaction 351 Kevin Palfreyman, Tom Rodden, and Jonathan Trevor (Lancaster Univ.) An experiment in interoperating heterogeneous collaborative systems PrasunDewan (Univ. of North Carolina) and Anshu Sharma (Oracle Corp.) 371 NESSIE: An awareness environment for cooperative settings 391 Wolfgang Prinz (GMD-FIT) Meaning-making across remote sites: How delays in 411 transmission affect interaction Karen Ruhleder (Univ. of Illinois) and Brigitte Jordan (Xerox PARC) Augmenting the workaday world with Elvin 431 Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Tim Mansfield, Simon Kaplan, David Arnold, Ted Phelps, and Bill Segall (Univ. of Queensland) Index of Authors 451

From the Editors This volume represents the proceedings of ECSCW 99, the 6th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. The conference marks the 10 years anniversary of ECSCW, an international forum for research activities from various technical and social disciplines. The conference alternates with the ACM international conference on CSCW to provide annually a principal point of focus for CSCW research. The program of technical papers presented here is the result of a difficult review process. This year the conference received 94 submissions of very high quality from which the 23 papers making up the technical programme were selected. Both the number of submissions and the quality and diversity of the programme presented here are testimony to the health of the CSCW community. We are sure that you will enjoy the papers in this volume. The technical papers in this volume are only one aspect of a diverse and dynamic event such as ECSCW. The technical paper program is complemented by tutorials, workshops, demonstrations and posters reflecting some of the most exciting and novel aspects of CSCW. These activities are essential to the success of the conference and the continued growth of the community. This conference could not have taken place without considerable enthusiasm, support and encouragement as well as sheer hard work. Many people have earned the thanks of those who attended and organized ECSCW 99. In particular, we would like to gratefully thank: All those who submitted to the conference. The standard was very high and reflects well on the research work in the community. All of those who contributed to the conference through workshops, tutorials, posters, demos, and paper presentations. All of those who contributed to the organization of the conference. Planning a major international conference is a complex endeavor and many people made significant contributions to realizing a successful conference. The Student Volunteers who work so tirelessly during the conference to ensure things run smoothly. Those members of the Conference and Program Committees who gave so freely of their time and energy to ensure that the conference was both smoothly run and of high technical quality. The many individuals we owe our thanks to are listed elsewhere in this volume. The many sponsors and supporters of ECSCW 99 for their contributions to the conference and to the CSCW community generally. Many of these people have been involved with the ECSCW conferences since the first conference 10 years ago.

X We would also like to acknowledge the organizers of the ACM CSCW conference for the support and encouragement they extend to this conference. The close cooperation between ECSCW and the ACM CSCW conferences allows us to continue the growth of a truly international research community tackling the problems core to CSCW. Between both conferences we have been able to establish an annual international conference on CSCW for the last decade charting the development and maturity of the discipline. These proceedings represent the start of the next decade of international CSCW research and the further development of our research community. The future appears to hold considerable promise for us all. Susanne Bødker, Morten Kyng, and Kjeld Schmidt

ECSCW 99 Conference Committee Conference co-chairs: Susanne Bødker, University of Aarhus Kjeld Schmidt, Technical University of Program chair: Morten Kyng, The Danish National Centre for IT Research, Proceedings chair: Kjeld Schmidt, Technical University of Tutorials chair: Jakob Bardram, University of Aarhus, Workshop chair: Peter Carstensen, Technical University of Demonstrations chair: Preben Mogensen, University of Aarhus, Video chair: Keld Bødker, Roskilde University, Posters chair: Kim Halskov Madsen, University of Aarhus, Student volunteer chair: Olav Bertelsen, University of Aarhus, Doctoral colloquium chair: Liam Bannon, University of Limerick, Ireland Technical support: Peter Berg, The Danish National Centre for IT Research Local coordinator: Morten Hertzum, Risø National Laboratory, Local arrangements: Morten Nielsen, Risø National Laboratory, Liaisons North America liaison: Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada Australia liaison: Geraldine Fitzpatrick, University of Queensland, Australia Japan liaison: Hideaki Kuzuoka. University of Tsukuba, Japan China liaison: ZongKai Lin, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China

ECSCW 99 Program Committee Morten Kyng (Program Chair), The Danish National Centre for IT Research, Liam Bannon, University of Limerick, Ireland Eevi Beck, University of Oslo, Norway Steve Benford. University of Notti ng ha m, UK Richard Bentley, Rank Xerox Research Center Europe, Cambridge, UK Jeanette Blomberg, Xerox PARC, USA John Bowers, University of Manchester, UK Tone Bratteteig, University of Oslo, Norway Susanne Bødker, University of Aarhus, Peter Carstensen, Technical University of, Matthew Chalmers, Union Bank of Switzerland, Switzerland Giorgio De Michelis, University of Milano, Italy Prasun Dewan, University of North Carolina, USA Paul Dourish, Xerox PARC, USA Pierre Falzon, CNAM, Paris, France Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada Rebecca Grinter, Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs, USA Kaj Grønbæk, University of Aarhus, Jonathan Grudin, University of California at Irvine, USA Christian Heath, King s College London, UK John Hughes, Lancaster University, UK Hiroshi Ishii, MIT Media Lab, USA Philip Johnson, University of Hawaii, USA Simon Kaplan, University of Queensland, Australia Finn Kensing, Roskilde University, John King, University of California at Irvine, USA Kari Kuutti, University of Oulu, Finland Wendy Mackay, University of Aarhus, Gloria Mark, GMD, Germany Randi Markussen, University of Aarhus, Bernard Pavard, université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Atul Prakash, University of Michigan, USA Wolfgang Prinz, GMD, Germany Mike Robinson, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Toni Robertson, University of New South Wales, Australia Tom Rodden, Lancaster University, UK Yvonne Rogers, University of Sussex, UK Kjeld Schmidt, Technical University of, Carla Simome, University of Torino, Italy Leigh Star, University of Illinois, USA Norbert Streitz, GMD, Germany Lucy Suchman, Xerox PARC, USA Yngve Sundblad, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Randy Trigg, Xerox PARC, USA Ina Wagner, Vienna Technical University, Austria Volker Wulf, University of Bonn, Germany