19th century society 20 A Accountability 99, 108, 205, 208, 234 237, 240, 243, 319 Actorhood 72, 73, 75 Advocacy 22, 23, 50, 53, 75 77, 99, 106, 153, 200, 206, 209, 211, 235, 292, 342 Agents of government 80, 206 Albania 48 Alexis de Tocqueville 2, 5, 10, 22, 32, 35, 315 Algeria 171 Altruism 103 Animal rights movement 79 Anti-racist associations 175 Antonio Gramsci 40 Aristotle 20, 21 Ashoka Deutschland 298 Assimilation 172, 174, 176, 178 Association pour le Droit à l Initiative (ADIE) 297 Associational life 5, 8, 10, 11, 27, 54, 86, 99, 164 Asylum migration 173 175 Austerity 3, 207 Austria 26, 146, 195, 206, 207, 210, 233, 236, 237, 293, 345 Austrian Development Agency (ADA) 236 Axial Age 19 B Bangladesh 297 Belgium 146, 185, 190, 194, 195, 293 Bertelsmann Foundation 218 Bill Gates 332 Billionaires 326, 332 British colonies 171, 331 Brundtland Commission 85 Builders programmes 272 Bulgaria 146, 195 Business-like methods 204 C Canada 103, 105, 171, 326, 333, 334, 340 Centralist management models 218 Charitable giving 14, 248, 325, 331, 336 Charities 75, 185, 269, 344 Charities Act 269 Charity Law Association (CLA) 269 Charles de Montesquieu 33 Charter of Fundamental Rights 32 Chicago school 170 Children s rights movement 79 China 326 Choirs 23, 320, 321 Citizen 5, 26, 36, 39, 79, 93, 103, 292 Citizenship 2, 31, 46, 61, 78 80, 102, 103, 198, 199, 211, 346, 348, 349 Civic engagement 2, 7, 13, 14, 62, 148, 149, 210, 251, 292, 302, 339 341, 343 349 Civic skills 45, 46, 54, 106 Civil competences 61 Civil dialogue 186, 187 Civil liberties 38 Civil Society Contact Group 187, 188 Class theory 66 Clientelism 92 Climate protection 223, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308 312 CO 2 reduction schemes 306 Collectivization 62, 67 Comitology 34 Commemorative associations 26 Common good 8, 21, 62, 342, 348, 349 Communist Association 27 M. Freise, T. Hallmann (eds.), Modernizing Democracy, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0485-3, Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 353
354 Community development programs 257, 310 Community foundation 14, 339 343, 345, 347 349 Community-building 10, 22, 23, 76, 77 Congress of Polish Women 150 Consensus building 64, 267 Consumer 4, 22, 54, 93, 188, 190, 209, 306, 307, 326 Consumer s cooperatives 303, 307 Consumerism 210, 275 Contracting out 206 Cooperative movement 249, 293, 301 303, 309, 310, 312 Corporatist nonprofit regimes 206 Council of Ministers 31, 34, 39, 40 Crédit Coopératif 297 Croatia 197 Cultural infrastructure 315, 321, 322 Cybernetic feed-back control systems 219 Cyprus 151, 195 Czech Republic 11, 195 Czechoslovakia 173, 174 D Deliberative democracy 1 Democratic deficit 11, 32 Democratization 32, 37, 40, 71, 74, 78, 83 Denmark 148, 209 Development education 234 Diaspora associations 174, 177 E East Germany 28, 250 Ecology 2, 85, 105, 161 Economic Census 316 Économie sociale 293 Efficiency 99, 115, 117, 148, 205, 211, 223, 226, 269, 271, 273, 275, 276 Elderly care 209 Elections 37, 38, 64, 145, 147, 148, 151, 153, 210 Employability 158, 164, 166, 199 Employment status 329 Empowerment 74, 102, 106 108, 305 Endowment contributions 342 Energy cooperatives 14, 305 Energy system 91, 94 Enlightenment 3, 5, 33 Eranos clubs 4 Esmee Fairbairn Foundation 294 Estonia 149, 195 Eurobarometer 148, 149, 151 European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation (CEEP) 187 European Commission (EC) 22, 40, 194, 209, 291 European Court of Justice 31, 34 European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) 188 European Parliament 31, 32, 194, 199 European Social Fund (ESF) 299 European Social Survey 48 European Sustainable Investment Forum 299 European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) 187, 190 European Union (EU) 11, 12, 31, 32, 34, 38, 94, 116, 148, 149, 151, 185, 190, 193, 199, 299 European Women s Lobby (EWL) 40 European Year of Volunteering 194, 346 Europeanization 184, 186 Expertise 118, 188, 217, 235, 236, 269, 270, 275, 276, 308, 311, 347 F Federation of German Foundations 341 Federations 3, 59, 112, 114 118, 189 Female suffrage 78 Financial crises 13, 199, 207 Flexibilism 178 Fordism 178 Foundation 21, 23, 36, 72, 169, 221, 248, 294, 295, 333, 340 342, 345, 346, 348 France 14, 22, 26, 32, 33, 36, 37, 66, 102, 146, 159, 171, 190, 195, 292, 293, 296 299, 303, 326 France Active 297 Freedom 5, 10, 27, 32, 33, 35 37, 41, 146, 193, 225, 349 French revolution 21, 32 35 Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen 303 Full-time employees 223, 225, 229, 235 Fundraising 14, 205, 210, 239, 318, 325, 330, 333, 335, 336 G German Cooperative Act 305 German Federal Constitutional Court 35 Germany 2, 7, 8, 13, 14, 22, 23, 25 27, 113, 116, 118, 159, 171, 190, 194, 195, 206, 207, 209, 218, 219, 247, 248, 251, 252, 259, 292, 296 299, 302, 303, 305, 310, 325 336, 339 341, 343 348 Germany s Social Democratic Party (SPD) 27
Global governance 74 Global south 234, 237, 239, 241 Good governance 72, 78, 243 Governance arrangements 83, 84 Government-third sector relationships 186 Grameen Bank 297 Grameen Danone Foods 297 Grants 24, 160, 166, 207, 248, 251, 272, 294, 295, 298, 318 Grassroots initiatives 87, 210 Greece 4, 171, 195 Greek poleis 20 Greenpeace 22, 88, 223, 225, 334 Guidelines 39, 228 Guilds 5, 24 H Habitat for Humanity 254, 255, 257, 259 Health care 9, 185, 207, 209 Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch 303 High culture 316 HIV-AIDS 254 Hobbies 23, 77 Hobby clubs 60 Housing cooperatives 250 252, 302, 303, 310 Human resources 189 Hungary 173, 174, 195 Hybridization 99, 100 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 306 I Immigration 321 India 172 Individualism 25 Industrialization 5, 247 Inequalities 102 International NGOs 210 Internet 54, 89, 152, 220, 307, 332, 333, 343 Interpersonal trust 2, 3 Intraorganizational governance 243 Ireland 195 Isomorphism 205 Israel 48 Italy 25, 45, 146, 159, 171, 185, 312 J Jacques Delors 187 James Coleman 59 Japan 312, 326 Jobless people 157, 158 José Manuel Barroso 188, 291 Jürgen Habermas 23 K Karl Jaspers 19 Kosovo 175 Ku Klux Klan 2 Kyoto basket 306 355 L Latvia 195 Lebenswelt 59, 67 Legal form 4, 5, 12, 14, 36, 195, 197, 203, 221, 304 Legal framework for voluntary associations 21 Legitimacy 2, 6, 13, 24, 32, 34, 36, 41, 64, 84, 85, 87, 88, 93, 94, 178, 186, 188, 189, 205, 233, 234, 236, 241, 243, 348 Leisure organizations 23, 50, 51, 53, 56 Liberal democracy 5, 78, 80 Lisbon Treaty 32, 35, 193, 198 Lithuania 146, 195 Local authorities 150, 161 Local communities 189, 208, 322, 342 Logics of action 222 Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) 253, 256, 257 Luxembourg 48, 195 M Malta 195 MAMA foundation 150 Managerialism 13, 205, 219, 241, 243 Market conditions 3, 253 Max Weber 23, 33, 35, 36, 67 Media 54, 84, 93, 94, 151, 220, 225, 305, 330, 332, 333, 343, 346 Membership structure 60, 249 Middle-class 5, 102, 107, 172, 228 Minorities 199, 207, 321 Mission statement 162 Mother s Time Bank 150 Motivation 23, 63 65, 102, 105, 210, 231, 265, 293, 294, 305, 341, 348 Multi-functionality 114, 117 Multi-level governance 184, 186, 209 Museum of Modern Art 318 Mutual housing associations 254 N National Gallery of Art 316 Natixis 297 Netherlands 22, 49, 50, 190 New England settlers 38
356 New Labour 263, 270 272 New public management (NPM) 105, 204, 208, 209 Nongovernmental development organizations (NGDOs) 233, 234 Non-political membership 55 Nonprofit auspices 317 Nonprofit management 204, 205, 343 Nonprofit spirit 204 Non-state actors 74, 85, 93, 188 Norm of generalized reciprocity 60 Not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) 88 Nuclear power 84, 85, 89, 91 93 O Oligarchy 21 Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC) 187 Organizational structures 113, 211, 236 P Pakistan 172 Participative democracy 197 Performance 51, 99, 208, 223, 234, 235, 275, 293, 296, 303, 320, 322 Performing arts 316 318, 320 Philanthropy 204, 205, 208, 257, 259, 318, 322, 327, 330 332, 334, 336, 345 Pierre Bourdieu 59 Platform of the Outraged 152 Plato 20, 21, 32 Pluralism 73, 175, 179, 322 Pluralization 175, 179 Poland 11, 48, 145 153, 159 Policy-makers 11, 177, 291, 292, 298, 322 Political advocacy 234, 237, 243 Political associations 27, 36, 49, 56, 174 Political deliberation 20, 22 24 Political involvement 45, 46, 49 53, 55, 56 Political participation 11, 38, 45 52, 56, 84, 106 Portugal 159, 171 Poverty 101, 102, 107, 297 Private donations 325 Private payments 318 Professionalism 100, 105, 205, 217, 233, 235, 236, 241 243 Program on Nonprofit Organizations (PONPO) 343 Prussia 26 Public administration 11, 76, 184, 218 Public benefit 195, 248 250, 269, 291 294, 298 Public funding 100, 117, 207, 249, 251, 257 Public participation 316 Public policy 11, 73, 106, 183, 263, 264, 267 Public services 206 Public-private partnerships 9, 208, 248 Q Quasi-Delphi process 203 R Red Cross 220, 223, 344 Reform Network of Innovative Associations 347 Religious organizations 51, 160 162, 254 Responsibility 36, 38, 99, 101, 105, 108, 112, 207 209, 218, 248, 259, 295, 302, 303, 305, 312, 332, 334, 335 Robert Bosch Foundation 346 Robert Putnam 2, 23, 59 Roman Catholic Church 80 Romania 149, 195 Rome 5 Russia 26, 326 S Self-administration 38, 250, 341 Self-exclusion 12, 169, 177 Self-help 3, 9, 12, 22, 27, 249, 251, 302, 303, 305, 309, 312, 348 Self-realisation 229 Service provision 6, 22, 76, 77, 153, 166, 195, 206, 208 Slovakia 195 Slovenia 148, 195 Smithsonian Institution 316 Social citizenship 103 Social classes 158 Social cohesion 9 11, 66, 157, 159, 297 Social dialogue 186, 187 Social entrepreneur 306 Social impacts of cultural activity 321 Social innovation 2, 208 Social isolation 102, 157 Social justice 106, 148, 211, 248, 336 Social networks 23, 151, 210 Social problems 9, 108, 116, 148, 211, 348 Social service delivery 100, 291 Social trust 55, 60, 64, 107, 157 Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP) 327 Solidarity 27, 67, 173, 199, 207, 211, 251, 297, 302, 304, 307, 309, 311, 312 Solidarność 146, 149, 151, 154 Solon 4 South Africa 146
South Korea 146 Southern countries 234 Special-interest organizations 53 Sports clubs 3, 8, 22, 60, 217, 344, 346 Stakeholders 13, 102, 106, 204, 205, 228, 237, 253, 274, 276 Standardization 265 Statute for a European Cooperative 194 Sustainability 21, 84 86, 89, 92, 93, 209, 225, 257, 299, 302, 303, 305, 309, 342 Switzerland 27, 49, 146, 159, 171, 173, 293, 345 T Tax law 294 Tax progression 329 The Giving Pledge 332 Theory of social capital 23 Third sector agenda 265, 274 Third sector organizations (TSOs) 103, 187 190 Tolerance 1, 74 Trade Unions 1, 75, 78, 149, 160, 161, 171, 186 188, 310 Transparency International 22 Treaty of Maastricht 187 Tyranny 21, 37, 147 Welfare state 9, 22, 74, 113, 116, 185, 207, 248, 249, 257, 259, 263, 299, 347 White Paper on Governance 187 Whitetail Ridge Hunt Club 88 Workers clubs 27 Working class 78, 158 World Values Survey 146 World War I 78 World War II 78, 149, 173, 175, 177 World Wealth Report 326 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) 334 X Xenophobic hostility 176 Y Younex 159, 160, 162 164, 166 Youth movement 27, 28 Youth organizations 218 222, 224 230 Youth volunteers 102 357 U Umbrella associations 87 Union of Industrial and Employers Confederations of Europe (UNICE) 187 United Kingdom (UK) 49, 151, 171, 185, 207, 219, 303 United Nations International Year of Cooperatives 305 United States (US) 13, 14, 36, 152, 247, 248, 254, 315, 319, 325, 326, 329, 331 335 V Voluntary transparency 335 Volunteer centers 341, 345 Volunteer commitment 228 Volunteer management 13, 102, 105, 218 222, 224, 225, 227, 230, 346 Volunteer workers 204 W Watchdog role 22 Welfare federations 111 113, 115 118 Welfare regimes 99, 185