Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France Simon Bailhache, Catherine Guigou-Carter, Christophe Rougier and Isabelle Schmich CSTB
Objectives (I) Proposition of a classification scheme Simple information, easily understable Ex: energy efficiency diagrams Based on the acoustic regulation Criteria Acoustic performance Outdoor acoustic ambiance 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 2
Objectives (II) Concerned building types Dwellings European COST Action TU0901: Integrating and Harmonizing Sound Insulation Aspects in Sustainable Urban Housing Construction Hotels Health-dedicated buildings Educational buildings Office buildings 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 3
Plan The French acoustic regulation Methodology for defining classes Examples of proposed performance classes Outdoor acoustic ambiance classes Conclusions 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 4
The French acoustic regulation (I) Requirements on the performance of the finished building Indicators: Related quantity Unit Indoor airborne sound insulation D nt,a db Facade sound insulation D nt,a,tr db Impact noise L nt,w db Noise from service equipment L nat db(a) Sound reverberation RT s Acoustic treatment A/S - Range: 100-5000 Hz Controlled through on-site measurements 3 db tolerance 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 5
The French acoustic regulation (II) Exemple (dwelling) = 30 Bathroom or kitchen = 50 Bathroom or kitchen = 52 = 53 Living room or bedroom Living room or bedroom = 53 = 53 = 53 Living room or bedroom Living room or bedroom = 55 = 58 = 30 = 30 Bathroom or kitchen Bathroom or kitchen Living room or bedroom Living room or bedroom = 58 = 58 Living room or bedroom = 58 Living room or bedroom = 58 Parking Commercial space Parking Commercial space Requirement on D nt,a in db Requirement on D nt,a,tr in db Requirement on L nt,w in db 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 6
Methodology for defining classes (I) 6 performance classes (A>F) for each descriptor Class C = performance level just matching the regulatory limit 5 db step between classes A/S: step = 0.15 RT: the lower the better (depends on situation) 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 7
Methodology for defining classes (II) Strict targets No tolerance on limits Class assigned to a given room = lowest class obtained for all descriptors Class assigned to the whole building = lowest class obtained for all rooms but realistic targets Technically achievable performance levels Practically measurable performance levels Background noise, RT 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 8
Proposed performances classes (I) Façade sound insulation Particular case: requirements depend on exposure to noise from ground and air transportation systems Common minimum requirement D nt,a,tr = 30 db Example: dwellings Proposed targets are stricter than regulation Impact noise 58 db 55 db Additional requirements: sound insulation between 2 rooms of the same dwelling 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 9
Proposed performances classes (II) Example: dwellings D na,t [db] Reception room : Emission room Living or sleeping room Kitchen, bathroom Class A Room of a nother dwelling excluding individual garages 63 60 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 53 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 45 n/a Class B Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage 58 55 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 43 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 35 n/a Class C Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage 53 50 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 33 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 25 n/a Class D Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage 48 45 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 28 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 25 n/a Class E Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage 43 40 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling 25 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling 25 n/a Class F Room of another dwelling excluding individual garage < 43 < 40 Living or sleeping room of the same dwelling < 25 n/a Kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling < 25 n/a 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 10
Proposed performances classes (III) Example: dwellings L nt,w [db] Emission room Reception room: Living room Sleeping room Class A Hallways and garages 48 48 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling 45 45 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 55 Class B Hallways and garages 53 53 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling 50 50 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 65 Class C Hallways and garages 58 58 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling 55 55 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 75 Class D Hallways and garages 63 63 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling 60 60 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 85 Class E Hallways and garages 68 68 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling 65 65 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a 95 Class F Hallways and garages > 68 > 68 Other rooms exterior to the dwelling > 65 > 65 Living/sleeping room, kitchen or bathroom of the same dwelling n/a > 95 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 11
Proposed performances classes (III) Example: dwellings L nat [db(a)] Individual service equipment Reception room (in the same dwelling): Living/sleeping room Separate kitchen Open kitchen to living room Class A 25 40 30 Class B 30 45 35 Class C 35 50 40 Class D 40 55 45 Class E 45 60 50 Class F > 45 > 60 >50 A/S [-] Common hallway s Entrance halls and common hallways not leading to any dwelling or guard s lodge Class A 0.80 0.55 Class B 0.65 0.40 Class C 0.50 0.25 Class D 0.35 0.10 Class E 0.20 0.00 Class F < 0.20 0.00 No requirement on reverberation time 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 12
Proposed performances classes (IV) Example: educational buildings Requirement on RT Classrooms, music rooms, dining rooms and multi-purpose halls Same approach for other building types Except office buildings Volume 250 m 3 Volume > 250 m 3 Class A RT 0.4 s RT 0.4 s Class B RT 0.4 s 0.4 RT 0.6 s Class C 0.4 RT 0.8 s 0.6 RT 1.2 s Class D RT > 0.8 s RT > 1.2 s Class E RT > 0.8 s RT > 1.2 s Class F RT > 0.8 s RT > 1.2 s 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 13
Proposed performance classes (V) Office buildings Not concerned by the regulation French standard NF S31-080:2006 3 performance levels 5 db step, except for impact sound insulation (4 db step) CSTB proposal 4 classes Performance level according to NF S31-080 Class A Very Performing Class B Performing Class C Common Class D - 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 14
Proposed performance classes (VI) Office buildings D nt,a [db] Emission room Reception room: Individual office Collective office Open space Meeting/training room Class A Hallway 40 40 35 45 Other types of room 45 45 40 50 Class B Hallway 35 35 30 40 Other types of room 40 40 35 45 Class C Hallway 30 30 25 35 Other types of room 35 35 30 40 Class D Hallway < 30 < 30 < 25 < 35 Other types of room < 35 < 35 < 30 < 40 L nt,w [db] Emission room: Any room exterior to the Reception room: Individual and collective office, reception room open space, meeting or training room Class A 58 Class B 60 Class C 62 Class D > 62 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 15
Proposed performance classes (VII) Office buildings L 50 [db(a)] L na,t [db(a)] RT Reception room: Individual and collective office, open space, meeting or training room Class A 30 Class B 35 Class C > 35 Class D > 35 Reception room: Individual and collective office, open space, meeting or training room Class A 35 Class B 40 Class C 45 Class D > 45 Individual office Collective office Open space, meeting/training room (V < 250 m 3 ) Class A RT 0.6 s RT 0.5 s RT 0.6 s Class B 0.6 s RT 0.7 s 0.5 s RT 0.6 s 0.6 s RT 0.8 s Class C RT > 0.7 s 0.6 s RT 0.8 s 0.6 s RT 0.8 s Class D RT > 0.7 s RT > 0.8 s RT > 0.8 s 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 16
Outdoor acoustic ambiance (I) Façade sound insulation Closely linked to external noise Use of noise mapping tools Exposure depends on building occupants behaviour Windows open during summer Use of outside spaces (gardens, terraces) How to define a comfortable acoustic environment? 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 17
Outdoor acoustic ambiance (II) World Health Organization Effects on health of outdoor noise level at the exposed façade Specific environment Critical health effect(s) L Aeq [db] Time base [h] Outdoor living areas Serious annoyance, daytime and evening Moderate annoyance, daytime and evening 55 50 16 16 Outside bedrooms Sleep disturbance (with window open), night 45 8 School, playground outdoor Annoyance (external source) 55 During play Outdoors in parkland and conservation areas Disruption of tranquility As low as possible From: B. Berglund, T. Lindvall and D.H. Schwela, Guidelines for Community Noise, World Health Organization (1999) Project QSIDE Exposure-perception relationship 50 db L den 55 db 11-18% MA, 4-6% SA L Aeq,24h 45 db quiet and pleasant area L day > 60 db not quiet 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 18
Outdoor acoustic ambiance (III) Project QSIDE Exposure-perception relationship City Status of a quiet facade Definition of a quiet facade Amsterdam Existing policy < standard limits, i.e. < 48 db L 1 den road traffic, 55 db railway noise, 50 db industrial noise Brussels Not enforced, only for assessment Quiet side < noisy side 20 db g Gothenbur Existing policy in central city (4 km radius) Preferably < 45 db(a) L eq ; obligatory < 50 db(a) L eq for traffic noise Hamburg Existing policy < 49 db L night in residential, < 54 db in mixed areas for traffic noise; in new buildings living rooms and bedrooms must be situated at quiet (noise averted) side Helsinki Recommendation for highly exposed dwellings < standard limit, i.e. 55 db(a) L eq,7-22h ; 50 db(a) L eq,22-7h on façade and garden/balcony Utrecht Existing policy See Amsterdam Zurich Existing policy < standard limit 1 applies to noise level after subtracting 2 db (highway) or 5 db (city traffic) accounting for future reduction of vehicle noise Place Sound pressure level for a quiet area Estonia, Romania L den 50 db United Kingdom L den 55 db Brussels L den 55 db Helsinki L Aeq,22-7h 45 db(a) Amsterdam L day or L den 55 db(a) From: F. van den Berg, C.Schoonebeek and M. Hillegregt, On the definition of quiet façades and quiet urban areas, Proc. Euronoise 2012, 275-280 (2012). 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 19
Outdoor acoustic ambiance (IV) Simplified relationships LAeq, 24h Lden 3dB CSTB proposal LAeq, 6 22h Lden 1. 5dB LAeq, 22 6h Lden 9dB 6 comfort classes based on L Aeq Day period (6-22h) and night period (22-6h) 5 db step Façade L Aeq in db(a) Day period (6-22h) Night period (22-6h) Class A: quiet area 50 45 Class B: rather quiet area 55 50 Class C: moderately quiet area 60 55 Class D: rather noisy area 65 60 Class E: noisy area 70 65 Class F: very noisy area > 70 > 65 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 20
Conclusions Acoustic performance level Classification based on the limits defined in the French regulation Same method can be applied to different types of buildings Outdoor acoustic ambiance Simple classification method proposed Further work Effects of the low frequency range (50-100 Hz)? Acknowledgements CSTB R&D Department (ELODIE 2.0 research project) 16/09/2013 Elements for an acoustic classification of buildings in France 21
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