BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF BRITISH PRIME MINISTERS Edited by Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker London and New York
CONTENTS Contributors Preface Robert Walpole, First Earl of Orford 1 Stephen Taylor Spencer Compton, First Earl of Wilmington 14 Eveline Cruickshanks Henry Pelham 17 Andrew Hanham Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle 28 Jeremy Black William Cavendish, Fourth Duke of Devonshire 34 Philip Lawson John Stuart, Third Earl of Bute 36 Karl Schweizer George Grenville 42 Philip Lawson Charles Watson-Wentworth, Second Marquess of Rockingham 46 Marjorie Bloy William Pitt, First Earl of Chatham 54 Marie Peters Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Third Duke of Grafton 61 Marjorie Bloy ix xii
vi Contents Frederick North, styled Lord North 1752-90, Second Earl of Guilford 64 Peter Thomas, William Petty, Second Earl of Shelburne 73 Jeremy Black William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, Third Duke of Portland 71 David Wilkinson William Pitt'the Younger' 85 Jennifer Mori Henry Addington, First Viscount Sidmouth 94 Peter Jupp William Wyndham Grenville, First Baron Grenville 98 James Sack Spencer Perceval,1 0 1 Peter Jupp Robert Banks Jenkinson, Second Earl of Liverpool 106 Eric Evans George Canning 116 Michael Fry Frederick John Robinson, First Viscount Goderich, First Earl of Ripon 120 Michael Fry Arthur Wellesley, First Duke of Wellington 123 Richard English Charles Grey, Second Earl Grey of Howick 128 Brian Hill William Lamb, Second Viscount Melbourne 136 Eric Evans Robert Peel 142 Boyd Hilton Lord John Russell, First Earl Russell 151 Jonathan Parry
Contents vii Edward George Geoffrey Smith Stanley, Fourteenth Earl of Derby 161 Valerie Cromwell George Gordon (later Hamilton-Gordon), Fourth Earl of Aberdeen 167 Muriel Chamberlain Henry John Temple, Third Viscount Palmerston 174 Muriel Chamberlain Benjamin Disraeli, First Earl of Beaconsfield 183 John Walton William Ewart Gladstone 196 Eugenio Biagini Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, Third Marquess of Salisbury 213 Martin Pugh Archibald Philip Primrose, Fifth Earl of Rosebery 222 Graham Walker Arthur James Balfour, First Earl of Balfour 231 Geoffrey Searle Henry Campbell-Bannerman 239 Iain Hutchinson Herbert Henry Asquith, Earl of Oxford and Asquith 244 Kenneth Brown \ David Lloyd George, First Earl of Dwyfor 252 Keith Grieves Andrew Bonar Law 262 Alvin Jackson Stanley Baldwin, First Earl Baldwin of Bewdley 273 Andrew Thorpe (James) Ramsay MacDonald 281 Duncan Tanner (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain 289 Stuart Ball f NIEDERS. JSTA..TS-U.UNIV.-J I E1ELIOTHHK I COTTINGEN
viii Contents Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 295 Peter Stansky and Philip Wainwright Clement Richard Attlee, First Earl of Prestwood 305 Stephen Brooke (Robert) Anthony Eden, First Earl of Avon 315 George Peden (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, First Earl of Stockton 320 Arthur Marwick Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Lord Home of the Hirsel 329 Christopher Harvie (James) Harold Wilson, Lord Wilson of Rievaulx 333 Michael Kenny Edward Richard George Heath 343 Andrew Gamble (Leonard) James Callaghan, Lord Callaghan of Cardiff 350 Brian Brivati Margaret Hilda Thatcher (nee Roberts), Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven 358 Robert Eccleshall John Major 384 Philip Norton Anthony Charles Lynton Blair 392 Stephen Driver and Luke Martell Index 401