Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 835 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by J. G. Carbonell and J. Siekmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos and J. Hartmanis
William M. Tepfenhart Judith R Dick John E Sowa (Eds.) Conceptual Structures: Current Practices Second International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS '94 College Park, Maryland, USA August 16-20, 1994 Proceedings Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Series Editors Jaime G. Carbonell School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA J6rg Siekmann University of Saarland German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrticken, Germany Volume Editors William M. Tepfenhart AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1C - 216, 480 Red Hill Rd Middletown, NJ 07748, USA Judith E Dick University of Maryland, 4117J Hornbake Bldg. S Wing College Park, MD 20742-4345, USA John F. Sowa State University of Binghamton Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA CR Subject Classification (1991): 1.2, G.2.2, H.2.1 ISBN 3-540-58328-9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-58328-9 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg CIP data applied for. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. 9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera ready by author SPIN: 10475370 45/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
- Unisys - Sun Preface Conceptual graphs (cgs) comprise a representational language which consists of a logic with a graph notation. It integrates several features from semantic net and frame representations. Research teams around the world are working on the application and extension of cgs theory in many domains. Domains featured this year were natural language, database modeling, and knowledge representation for expert systems. These proceedings gather the best papers presented at the Second International Conference on Conceptual Structures, held in the city of College Park, Maryland, August 16-20, 1994. This conference, celebrating the tenth anniversary of Conceptual Structures (Sowa 1984), is the primary forum in which cgs researchers report their progress. It is a pleasure to thank the invited speakers, Eileen Way, Jack Minker, Pat Hayes, and John F. Sowa for accepting our invitation to give talks and to contribute papers to the proceedings. This conference was sponsored by: - runiversite Laval, Quebec, Canada - AAAI - University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies - University of Maryland College of Library and Information Sciences - AT&T Bell Laboratories Systems We thank all the individuals and institutions who contributed to making this conference a success. We thank all the authors and the editorial staff of Springer- Verlag for making this book a valuable contribution in the knowledge representation research field. August 1994 William M. Tepfenhart, Judith P. Dick, John F. Sowa
Organizing Committee Honorary Chair John E Sowa, State University of New York at Binghamton General Chair Judith P. Dick, University of Maryland vi Program Chair, William M. Tepfenhart, AT&T Bell Laboratories Program Committee Alex Bejan, IBM Corp. Barbara Brunson, Scarborough College Univ. Michel Chein, LIRMM Peter Creasy, University of Queensland Veronica Dalai, Simon Fraser University Harry Delugach, University of Alabama Bonnie Don', University of Maryland John Eddy, AT&T Bell Laboratories Bruno Emond, Universite du Quebec John Esch, Unisys Corp. Jean Fargues, IBM Corp. Norman Foo, University of Sydney Helen Gigley, Naval Research Laboratory James Hampton, City University of London John Heaton, Loughborough Univ. of Technology James Hendler, University of Maryland Graeme Hirst, University of Toronto Fritz Lehmann, GRANDAI Software Guy Mineau, Universite Laval Robert Molar, PRC Bernard Moulin, Universite Laval M.L. Mugnier, LIRMM Sung Myaeng, Syracuse University Peter Oehrstroem, AaIborg University Ghassan Qada, AT& T Bell Laboratories Stephen Regoczei, Trent University Douglas Skuce, University of Ottawa Dagobert Soergel, University of Maryland Eileen Way, SUNY Binghamton Amy Weinberg, University of Maryland M.H. Williams, Heriot-Watt University
Table of Contents Invited Papers Aristotelian and Platonic Views of Knowledge Representation..... Pat Hayes Conceptual Graphs - Past, Present, and Future......... Eileen C. Way 11 Natural Language Pragmatic Semantics by Conceptual Graphs.......... M. Willems The Temporal Structure of a Discourse and Verb Tense Determination Bernard Moulin, Stephanie Dumas Linguistic Processing of Text for a Large-scale Conceptual Information Retrieval System.......... Sung H. Myaeng, Christopher Khoo, Ming Li A Multilingual Analyser of Medical Texts.......... A.-M. Rassinoux, R. H. Baud, J.-R. Scherrer Exlracting Explicit and Implicit Knowledge from Natural Language Texts J. T. Sykes, V. Konstantinou, P. L. R. Morse 31 45 69 84 97 Rational Problem Solving A Rational Goal-seeking Agent Using Conceptual Graphs...... Graham A. Mann Attitudes: Keys to Problem Identification William M. Tepfenhart 113 127 Conceptual Graph Theory Basic Conceptual Structures Theory Michel Wermelinger, Jose Gabriel Lopes Views, Mappings and Functions: Essential Definitions to the Conceptual Graph Theory..... Guy W. Mineau 144 160
viii Contexts and Canons Contexts and Concepts, Abstraction Duals John Esch Contexts, Canons and Coreferent Types John Esch Using Contexts to Represent Text Judith P. Dick 175 185 196 Data Modeling Inference Systems for Conceptual Graph Programs........ Bikash Chandra Ghosh, Vilas Wuwongse USD: A Universal Data Structure Robert Levinson A Conceptual and Contextual Object-oriented Logic Programming: The PROLOG++ Language.......... Adil Kabbaj, Claude Frasson, Marc Kaltenbach, Jean, Yves Djamen Knowledge Visualization from Conceptual Structures W. R. Cyre, S. Balanchandar, A. Thakar 214 230 251 275 Conceptual Graphs and Data Conceptual Modeling Exploiting the Induced Order on Type-labeled Graphs for Fast Knowledge Retrieval..... Gerard Ellis, Fritz Lehmann Standardizing and Interfacing Relational Databases Using Conceptual Graphs. Boris Carbonneill, OUivier Haemmerle 293 311 Author Index.......... 331