Index A Ability, 32, 37, 40, 51 Action Plan on Immigration and Asylum, 110 Administrative deportation, 54, 56 Administrative detention, 106, 108, 128, 137 Adulthood, 33 Afghan community, 119, 150 Afghan diaspora, see Diaspora Afghanistan, 4, 9, 26, 63, 65, 69, 70, 71, 73, 78, 81, 84, 86, 118, 119, 131, 137, 151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162 Afghan National Security Forces, 159 Agency, 82, 83 Albanians, 92, 93, 94, 97 Alien, 117, 127, 142, 146 Amygdaleza, 109, 138, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 156, 158 Appeals Committee, 110 Apprehension, 94, 95, 96, 101, 104, 112, 119, 122, 135, 137, 138, 145, 146, 147, 156, 157 Arab Spring, 11, 167 Aspiration, 14, 17, 26, 31, 32, 38, 39, 50, 53, 54 Assisted voluntary return, see Voluntary return Asylum, 12, 34, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 91, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 128, 129, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 197 Asylum Information Database, 12 The Author(s) 2018 A. Dimitriadi, Irregular Afghan Migration to Europe, Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52959-2 199
200 Index Asylum seekers, 43, 46, 52, 53, 57 Asylum service, 43 44 Athens, 119, 123, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 137, 138, 146, 148, 151, 157 Australia, 188 Austria, 182, 183, 185, 187 B Barriers, 58 Bogus refugee, 162 Border, 20, 43, 58, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 76, 82, 83, 87, 127, 132, 134, 135, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 194, 195 Border controls, 43, 58, 127, 132, 134, 135 Borderlines, 66 Border security, 20 Buffer zones, 188 Burden sharing, 197 C Camp, 180, 192 Capability, 32, 39, 40 Common European Asylum System, 12 Criminalization, 104 D Decision making, 31 Denmark, 168, 183, 192 Deportation, 123, 128, 137, 146, 156 Destination, 31, 40, 42, 43, 46, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 58 Detention, 102, 105, 106, 107, 123, 124, 138, 145, 148, 150, 174 Detention centres, 102, 174 Detention facility, 123, 124, 138, 148 Deterrence, 7, 10, 11, 101, 103, 107, 119, 148, 158, 188, 194 Diaspora, 48 Document, 54 58, 100, 101, 106 Dublin, 175, 179, 195 Dublin Regulation, 13, 110, 127 See also Dublin E Economic capital, 38, 40, 42, 43 Economic migrants, 143, 162, 170, 172 Education, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 47, 51, 53 Employment, 32, 34, 36, 38, 47, 53, 75, 77, 85, 92, 97 EURODAC database, 179 Europe, 32, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 91, 109, 113, 175, 182, 194 European Agenda on Migration, 44, 175, 183 European Court of Human Rights, 109 Europeanization, 91, 113, 194 EU-Turkey deal, 102 Evros, 95, 102, 103, 105, 112, 126, 127, 128
Index 201 F Fast track processing, 177 Fence, 103, 105, 107, 109, 132 First reception facilities, 150 First Reception Service, 110, 112, 177, 189 Fortress Europe, 134, 194, 195, 197 Fragmented journeys, 15, 16 See also Transit FRONTEX, 102, 103, 126, 128, 156 G Gate fencing, 96, 101, 104, 109 Gate-keeping, 96 Germany, 2, 12, 14, 22, 44, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, 58, 168, 169, 171, 175, 176, 182, 187, 191, 192 Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, 169 Greece, 1, 2, 3, 5, 13, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 65, 69, 72, 73, 74, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 87, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144, 146, 148, 150, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197 Greek fence, 103 Guest(s), 1, 2, 3, 27, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 See also Refugee H Hedonic treadmill, 39 Home, 35, 46, 50, 54, 55, 58, 113, 119, 125, 133, 138, 140, 141, 143, 146, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158 Homeland, 74, 113, 152 Hospitable space, see Hospitality Hospitality, 1, 2, 3, 47, 55, 107, 113, 133, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 162, 170, 171, 172, 187, 190 Hotspots, 178, 189, 190, 195 I Identity, 48, 55, 56, 58 Identity papers, see Document Illegality, 66, 74, 75, 76 Illegal migration, 11 Images, see Myth; Imaginary Imaginary, 39, 48, 49, 51, 53, 58 Immobility, 15, 17, 18, 27, 78, 81, 83, 84, 87, 106, 113, 117, 118, 126, 128, 129, 134, 140, 144, 152 Individual agency, see Agency Informal economy, 93 Information, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55 Integration, 172, 195
202 Index International Security Assistance Force, 34, 158 Involuntary immobility, 39 Involuntary return, 186 Iran, 3, 4, 9, 14, 18, 26, 63, 65, 69, 70, 71, 71n6, 72, 74, 78, 79, 81, 84, 86, 87, 120, 121, 125, 127, 129, 140, 144, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, 161n27, 162 Irregularity, 66, 74, 75, 76, 76n7, 77, 136 Irregular migrants, 95, 103, 104, 108 Irregular migration, 122, 135 Islamic State, 9, 26, 167 Islands, 168, 172, 177, 179, 180n19, 183n26, 184, 185, 188n32, 189 Istanbul, 65, 77, 78, 78n9, 79, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 130, 132 Italy, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 141 J Jordan, 167, 171, 172n7, 182n21 L Labour market, 172, 172n7 Land border, 93, 94, 94n2, 95, 98, 102, 103, 104, 110 Law on Foreigners and International Protection, 85, 87 Lebanon, 167, 171, 172n7, 182n21 Lesvos, 1, 14, 23, 24n8, 120, 122, 123, 125n5, 172, 174n10, 174n11, 175, 178, 184, 189 Liminality, 17 M Maritime border, 94, 95, 121, 122, 126, 128, 129, 132 Media, 24, 50, 52 Mental borders, see Borders Middle class, 34, 36, 41 Migratory journey, 132, 152 Migratory project, 32, 49, 51 Misinformation, 123, 149, 157 Mixed migratory flows, 6 Mobility, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 63, 68, 73, 74, 75, 76, 84, 86, 87, 106, 113, 118, 131, 132, 134, 137, 139, 141, 150, 160, 162, 169, 185, 197 Mujaherin, 47 Mytilene, 1, 122 Mytilene, see Lesvos N New economics of labour migration, 31 Non-refoulement, 103 O Omonoia, 121, 130, 138 Omonoia square, 121 Operation Aspida, 103 Operation EUNAVFORMED, 45 Operation Poseidon, 128 P Pagani, 123, 124, 126 Pakistan, 3, 4, 9, 69, 70, 74, 119, 140, 144, 160, 161, 161n26
Index 203 Paris, 183 Partnerships, 101, 169, 188n32, 196, 197 Pashtunwali code, 47 Passport, 55, 56, 57, 77, 79 Patras, 103, 124, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 142n12, 173, 195 Penal power, 107 Periphery, 197 Petrou Ralli, 99, 129, 138 Pink card, 100, 105 Pre-registration, 86 Pre-removal facilities, 108, 109 Prison, 124, 133, 138, 147, 150, 151 Push and pull, 170 R RABIT, 128 Rapid Border Intervention Teams, 103 Readmission Agreement, 102 Reception, 1, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24 Reception facility/reception facilities, 124, 150, 178, 179, 189, 190 Refugee figure, 171, 183, 197 Refugee crisis, 187 Registration, 123, 178, 184 Regularization programs, 98 Relocation, 168, 175, 182, 185, 192 Removal, see Deportation Return(s), 13, 35, 38, 50, 53, 57, 58, 108, 110, 117, 118, 123, 128, 133, 141, 145, 145n13, 147, 148, 149, 149n18, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 190, 195 S Safe country, 170, 191 Safer areas, 191, 197 Safe third country, 190 Schengen, 4, 11, 22, 182, 195 Search and rescue, 123 Securitization, 7, 97, 98 Security, 34, 35, 45, 153, 155 Skala Sikaminias, 120 Smart Borders, 76 Smuggler(s), 22, 42 44, 46, 65, 69, 70n5, 71, 72, 77, 79, 80, 83 85, 121, 122, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 158 See also Smuggling Smuggling, 33, 43 46 Smuggling industry, 172, 174 See also Smugglers Social benefits, 171 Social capital, 16, 24 Social exclusion, 118, 128 Social media, 24 Social networks, 33, 42, 46, 50, 51, 53, 55, 131 See also Social capital Solidarity, 175 Space, 63 64 See also Borders Space of incarceration, 147 See also Space Stranger, 117, 140, 142 144 Sweden, 49, 52, 53, 58 Syrian(s), 2, 9, 24, 27, 113, 167, 171, 172, 172n7, 173n9, 174 180, 180n19, 181 183, 183n26, 184, 185, 187, 188, 190, 197
204 Index T Taliban, 23, 26, 34 36, 38, 41n4, 42, 47, 121, 152, 154, 156, 160, 161 Tourist visa, see Travel documents Trafficking, 44, 45, 72, 79 Transit, 2 5, 7, 13 22, 25 27, 64, 66, 68, 69, 73, 78 85, 87, 91, 94, 99, 102, 107, 113, 117 119, 123, 124, 126, 128 132, 134 138, 140 142, 144, 150, 152 154, 156, 158, 167, 173, 174, 177, 180 183, 186, 194, 195, 197 Transit country, 4, 19, 68, 91, 102 See also Transit Transit migration, 142 Travel documents, 76 U Unaccompanied minors, 14, 124, 135, 179, 190 Unwelcomed guest, 143 V Valetta Summit, 183 Visa liberalization, 73, 187 Voluntary return, 150, 151, 156 158 W Waiting, 69, 79, 81 84, 99 Western Balkan route, 174, 181, 183, 184 Western Balkans, 53 White paper, 100 X Xenios Zeus, 104, 105, 107, 136 140, 145, 147