About the importance and aspects of comprehensive Land Management Policies and Theories Univ.Prof. EoE Dr.- Ing. Holger Magel FIG Honorary President Emeritus of Chair of Land Management, TU Munich (TUM) Honorary member of German Society for Geodesy, GIS and Land Management (DVW) Moscow, 30 September 2016 www.landentwicklung-muenchen.de www.akademie-bayern.de Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 1
Clarify the terms before you start discussion and exchange of ideas (Confucius, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) What do Surveyors, Ecologists or Geographers etc. understand, when they hear or read terms like (White Paper on) Land Policy, Land Management, Land Use Planning, Rural development, Land Development, Territorial Development, Regional Development.? You will discover different meanings especially with the term Land Management (LM). I invite you for a journey esp. through the exciting world of LM Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 2
Three global Challenges and Mandates for Politics, Society and Professions 1.SDG 2030 2.Paris Climate Agreement COP 21 3.New Urban Agenda Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 3
Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 4
SDGs have some notable differences compared to MDGs MDGs Apply primarily to developing countries (focus on South) Prioritized social needs over economic and environmental ones - Seven social goals and just one environmental goal SDGs Global reach for all countries of the world!!!! Strongly linked to Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, Agenda 21 - Three Dimensions: economic, social and environmental - Beyond the meta-norm of poverty reduction (natural resources, consumption, production, energy, spatial, urban and rural development, human rights) Source: adapted from Brookings Institution (2012): What Should Sustainable Goals Look Like? Reifenberg (2013): International Development Practice Millennium Development Goals Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 5
SDGs adress especially Land and Institutional Framework Issues!! Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 6
UN Climate Change Summit 2015: Impact on and need of change of Land Use! Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 7
COP 21 adresses issues of need of landmanagement for e.g. greenhouse reservoirs Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 8
Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 9
New Urban Agenda adresses issues like multipurpose cadaster Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 10
What is Land Management? 1.SDG 2030 2.Paris Climate Agreement 3.New Urban Agenda All three global challenges ask for and have impact on Land Management (LM)! Back to the question on what is Land Management,which has started a global triumphal procession Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 11
The birth of LM : It was first time mentioned in RIO 1992 (Sustainability Earth Summit) Implementation Plan Chapter 3.Consider strengthening/developing legal frameworks for land management, access to land resources and land ownership in particular, for women and for the protection of tenants; Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 12
Land Management The goal of integrated land management is to optimize the combination of economic and environmental benefits to society that are provided by the land s soil, mineral, and water resources, while preserving or increasing the capability of the land to provide these and other benefits in the future. The integrated approach to land management is not a fixed procedure, but rather a continuous, iterative process of planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation that strives to meet as many of the multiple economic, social and environmental needs of society as possible. But there is nothing about contents???!!! Source: UNESC 1995. Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 13
Land Management Land management: the activities associated with the management of land as a resource from both an environmental and an economic perspective towards sustainable development. Source: Bathurst UN/FIG 1999:52 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 14
Good Land Information / good spatial planning Better Land Policy Better Land Administration (LA) and Management (LM) Better Land Use The Bathurst Declaration on Land Administration for Sustainable Development. FIG Publication No 21, 1999 adapted by Prof. Magel There is no hierarchy between LA and LM Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 15
Prof.Larsson 1997 Technical University Stockholm Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 16
Gerhard Larsson (1997) : Fields and Contents of Land Management Section 1 Public Control and Guidance With LM Introduction,Goals and Objectives, Planning,Implementation Section 2 Rural Areas With Rural Land use and Development, Housing,Agriculture,Forest and Water,Recreation and Conservation Section 3 Urban Areas With Urban Goals,urban planning,urban implementation Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 17
Land Management The concept land management is a comprehensive expression for activities aiming to fulfil established goals for the use of certain land ressources. a)these activities may have the purpose of promoting efficient land use within an existing pattern, i. e. they may be mainly of a monitoring, administrative and controlling nature. b) Alternatively, they may have the main aim of developing the land, by making substantial investment in the land or changing existing land usage. In both cases, the starting point is to choose the goals. They will determine what should be done.. (Larsson, 1997). Quelle: Magel, H.; Auweck, F.; Meindl R.: Zukunftsorientiertes Landmanagement für die Verwaltung für Ländliche Entwicklung in Bayern. Forschungsbericht. 2002. Research at TUM Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 18
The first approach to a common understanding of LM between anglosaxon and centraleuropean Land Experts Fulfilling Sustainable Development Enhancing balanced development and Quality of Life in urban and rural areas Land Policy Good Land Governance Spatially Enabled participative Sustainable Land Management Land Tenure, Land Administration, Land Valuation, Land Markets, Land Use, Land Development, Land Arrangement Services to Public, Business & Citizens Country Context Institutional Arrangements like Spatial Planning Framework, NSDI Capacity Building Education & Research Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Prof. Holger Magel Magel 2015 based on Expert Group Moscow, Meeting Sept./, 9 Oct. 11 November 2016 2005 at the University of Melbourne 19
Hierarchy of Land Issues: It changed the order of LA and LM Source: Enemark, 2009, FIG President Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 20
The Munich Model of Land Management a geodetic approach! The whole is more than the sum of the parts. We need to understand the land sector as a system,but not as separated or independant components Source: Magel, Klaus and Espinoza 2009 based on Stig Enemark Land in Society - Hierarchy of Land issues 2009 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 21
German NSDI Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 22
The German Comprehensive Land Management System gives answers to contributing to balanced sustainable rural and urban development L a n d P o l i c y (LP) overall concept and basic conditions of land related action as well as the initiation of corresponding measures by public authorities based on Art. 14 German Constitution and 903 German Civil Code and special laws (substance and limits) Static LM Static part of Landmanagement: Land Administration with georeferenced Cadastre and Land Register Existing land tenure, distribution, use, restrictions and documentation of land and land ownership as well as overall concept and regulations for its sustainable use in conformity with the relevant concrete plan in urban and rural areas Dynamic Land Management (LM) Dynamic Part of Land Management Policies, goals and fields of action to ensure equality in all regions through efficient advicing, planning, networking, coordination and implementation of all measures and instruments with reference to access, mobilising (selling,buying), use, restriction and change of tenure, allocation, distribution and development of land for housing, ecological, economic, cultural, social and other purposes in urban and rural areas by means of e.g. Participative Spatial and Land Use Planning Controlling Monitoring and Securing (incl. Risk Management) Urban and Rural Land Readjustment Reconciliation of individual legal rights with objective planning goals Planning Approval, Construction, Financing Landbanking (Landpooling) Application of different programmes and techniques of support (e.g. urban and rural development programmes,) LIS,GIS,surveying,mapping, land valuation, taxation, land transactions, credit system, governance etc. Stat.LM Land Administration (with renewed Cadastre and Land Register); if necessary Evaluation New (rearranged) tenure, allocation, distribution, use and documentation of land and land ownership Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 23 H. Magel, 2005/2015
What are the static and dynamic parts of LM? Static is Land administration (Cadastre,Register,SDI) in terms of documenting Land Tenure and the 3 Rs.. Dynamic is especially rural land consolidation and urban land readjustment as nuclei of rural and urban development based on or combined with Good Governance principles, participatory planning processes, urban and rural(village) strategies and renewal concepts and dealing with/producing of vital land markets, land valuation, land taxation. Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 24
Definition and common Understanding of Land Management at German Universities Land Management is an action oriented component of spatial development and land policy and comprises all planning and development processes, valuation and adjustment measures in terms of use of land and buildings. Land management employs all legal instruments, economic procedures and engineering methods as well as governance models.thus it supports sustainable development and functioning land markets. German Geodetic Commission (DGK) of Bavarian Academy for Sciences, Section Land Management,2015 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 25
A new publication!!!! Magel H., F. Thiel und J. Espinoza (2016): Bodenpolitik und Landmanagement Eine internationale Perspektive.Land Policy and Land Management-an international Perspective) In: Handbuch der Geodäsie (Hrsg. W. Freeden, R. Rummel), Band Bodenordnung und Landmanagement (Hrsg. Theo Kötter), Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10. 1007%2F978-3-662-46900-2_84-1 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 26
Possible Question of Politicians and the Public: Land Management why and what for? It is for providing/ securing equivalent living conditions. Germany and some german Länder constitutions demand to provide or to secure equivalent living conditions in all parts of the country. To reach this very ambitious goal one should know about the ethical background and dimensions of equivalent living conditions. Following about the criteria of the single dimensions and the tools to implement the goals. Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 27
I have a dream.. President Xi Jinpings dream on the great national renaissance : Blue sky, green meadows and clean water for future generations Xi Jinping in terms of development of the country: As long as rural areas,especially their poor parts lag behind the rest of the country so long we can not talk about having reached a society with modest wealth (see his book Governance of China ) Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 28
Bavarias Dream:Territorial Justice and equivalent Living Conditions local regional global Past Present Future Competitive and Sustainable Development through Territorial Justice Equality of opportunities and inter-generation justice Engagement, Qualification, Participation, Inclusive citizenship Disparity-sensible Distribution Justice Fairness of needs Fairness of performance Procedural Justice Equality of rights, Good Governance, Citizen as co-producer, State as warrantor and enabler Triangle of Territorial Justice Prof. Magel 2015 based on J. Rawls, A. Sen, M. Schneider Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 29
The Four Dimensions of Territorial Justice based on theories of justice and empowerment (Rawls,Sen,Sandel) Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 30
LM could and should contribute to Territorial/Spatial Justice in the first row!! Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 31
Conceptualizing human geodesy a contradictio interminis or a condicio sine qua non? - Geodätisches Kolloquium 2016 - Prof. dr. ir. Walter T. de Vries Technische Universität München Faculty of Civil, Geo and environmental engineering Chair Land Management 14 June 2016 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 32
MUNICH PENTAPHONY of a human oriented Land Management Ensure equivalent living conditions in all regions Readjustment Conflict Resolution Cadaster and Registry Information, Active Consulting and Motivation Valuation, Planning Approval Construction and Financing Surveying, Mapping Planning Networking Coordination Process controll Magel 2010 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 33
Land Management is always about People Places Politics Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 34
LM is about contributing/ fulfilling basic functions of human existence and living conditions everywhere thus improving live quality and aiming at equivalent living conditions Education Supplying Living in community (welfare) Traffic Housing Communication Employment Living in environment (sustainability) Recreation Magel 2002 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 35
Some examples for the manifold bundle of LM processes, activities and instruments Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 36
. Land, because of its unique (scarce) nature and crucial role it plays in human settlement and development, cannot be treated as an ordinary asset, controlled by individuals and subject to pressures and inefficiency of the market Vancouver Conference on Habitat, 1976 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 37
Land use needs special legal frameworks ( about Rights,Responsibility (in Germany :socalled social aspect of land), Restrictions) Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 38
The guidelines underline different kinds of Tenure and the rights, responsibilities and restrictions TUM LM Chair has participated in several workshops on the road to final guidelines. Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 39
IFAD page 123 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 40
Result of joint research of TUM Chair of LM with Global Land Tool Network, GIZ und UN Habitat. At UN Habitat in Nairobi there work now 3 TUM Masters! Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 41
Rearrangement of rural land holdings Comprehensive Land Consolidation Objectives Improving the production and working conditions in agriculture and forestry Promoting the cultural landscape (Landeskultur) Promoting the rural territorial development (Landentwicklung) Measures Land readjustment Roads and rural infrastructure Water management Improvement of land/soil Soil protection, erosion control Landscape management Village renewal Tourism/ Recreation Magel 2016 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 42
Conflict resolution between public and private interests by Land consolidation Beispiel: Verfahren Nettersheim Landkreis Euskirchen Nordrhein-Westfalen Land tenure before arrangement Land tenure after land consoldation Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 43
local planning supra-local planning informal planning urban development plan Landscape planning in land consolidation - methods, instruments and planning process - state development scheme with landscape scheme regional plan with landscape framework plan (Art. 3 BayNatSchG) specialized programs and plans (according to Art. 15 BayLplG, Art. 3 BayNatSchG) formal municipal planning (building regulations, nature protection act) informal planning within land consolidation procedure formal land consolidation planning (land consolidation act) municipal landscape planning (Art. 3 BayNatSchG) integration of the municipal landscape planning in the land use plan ( 5 BauGB) process oriented landscape planning in the rural development containing citizen participation und expert participation as well as 3 steps a) preparation planning principles of reorganization ( 38 FlurbG) green planning according to Art. 3 BayNatSchG integration in the local development plan ( 9 BauGB) b) measures conception plan covering the common and public facilities ( 41 FlurbG) land regulation (reallocation of land, adjustment of boundaries) 45-84 BauGB c) Maintenance planning plan according to 58 FlurbG with legally regulations and results of the land regulation Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel, 2002 Chair of land readjustment and land development, TU München Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 44
Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 45
Milennium or Century floodings nearly every two years? Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 46
Research Project at TUM : Use of synergies for a better Water - and Landmanagement and Governance on behalf of Bavarian Government Use of Synergies, e.g. Economy etc Instruments Programme Initiatives Nature protection Watermanagement Rural development housing FFH-Management Species and Biotop protection Nature protection by contract Flooding protection Ground water protection Water ecology Land consolidation, village renewal LEADER Integrated rural development urban development and funding rural Cluster Regionalmanagement Natural resources Human resources Watermanagement Landmanagement Regional management Place and space Aus: Holger Magel, Silke Franke: Zukunftsstrategien im ländlichen Raum für die Bayerische Wasserwirtschaftsverwaltung im Lichte von Good Governance. Im Auftrag des BayStMUGV, Endbericht August 2008. O. Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel u. Dipl.-Ing. Christiane Gross, TUM Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 47
New Urban Agenda Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 48
GIZ Land in German Development Cooperation Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 49
Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 50
Land Mangement to support Country developemnt Future Chances of German Regions : mainly rural and former DDR regions face huge problems Source : Prognos AG, Future Map 2013 Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 51
Hierarchy of adjustment and development programmes and measures in Germany Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 52
Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 53
Integrated Rural Development (IRD) in Bavaria managed by Geodesists and Land Managers with means of Comprehensive Land Management 1.Coordination of stakeholders and Intercommunal Cooperation 2.Municipality development and village Renewal 3.Strengthening of Agriculture and Forestry 4.Sustainable Protection of natural resources and land scape; response to climate change 5.Support of new energy politics and policies 6.Contributions to economic development and value added 7.Modernising of local and supralocal infrastructure Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 54
IRD as new Paradigm and Strategy demands for integration with Spatial Planning and for implementation through comprehensive Land Management Concept of Integrated Rural Development (IRD) as a joint Concept of Municipalities comprehensive Cross cutting Integrated Rural Development Concept under the leadership of Land Management Authority Land Consolidation based on Cadastre Village Renewal/ Develop ment Rural infra structure measures Sectorial contributions of line ministries, business sector and private investors Prof. Magel 2016 adapted from Bayer. StMELF Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 55
Integrated Rural Development A9 Fränkische Schweiz Urban Rural Partnership of 18 cities and municipalities in structurally weak rural territory which is part of Metropolitan Region Nürnberg.The concept is integrating a lot of agricultural and non agricultural goals and measures of different stakeholders Quelle: http://www.wirtschaftsbanda9.de Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 56
IRD - Precondition Intercommunal Cooperation Municipality A Municipality B Municipality C Municipality E Municipality D Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 57
Entwicklungsstrategie Development Strategy of IRD Several Action fields like city and village development,economy, tourism and recreation,social and cultural aspects,life quality,agriculture and landscape with following measures for renewable energy, traffic,protection of landscape etc.implementation by land readjustment Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 58
Conclusion Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 59
Land Management is an important partner and supporter of Territorial, Regional and Local (Land Use) Planning and Development Why? Because it copes successfully with global challenges and realizes on the different spatial levels the goals of integrated development by a broad range of concepts, theories, methods, instruments, strategies and measures like land reform,land tenure rights (tenure security), cadaster, registry, SDI, land administration,urban and rural planning and development,urban and village renewal, urban land readjustment and land consolidation, land conflict resolution, valuation, land markets, land governance, transparent process of expropriation and fair compensation, environmental risk awareness and preparedness.participatory planning, coordination processes etc. Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 60
Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 61
The academic challenge: Land Management in support of a Just and Sustainable Development leads to Consequences for geodetic education, training and research ReaI Estate Economics Land Valuation Land Market Urban/rural Land Use and Land Adjustment Land Pooling Concepts and Strategies for Territorial Planning and Development Strategies and Measures for balanced urban / rural development Land Management Participatory Planning Theories Project Management Decision making methods Cadaster Registry Geodata management National/Inter national Consultancy Capacity Development Univ.-Prof. EoE Dr.-Ing. Holger Magel Moscow, Sept./ Oct. 2016 62